CPR compression device and method

• US 6,939,314 B2
• Filed: 07/10/2002
• Issued: 09/06/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Zoll Circulation Incorporated (Asahi Kasei Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Revivant Corporation (Asahi Kasei Corporation)
• Inventors: Hall, Gregory W., Sherman, Darren R., Jensen, James O., Escudero, Paul, Katz, Bob
• Primary Examiner(s): DEMILLE, DANTON D
• Application Number:
  US10/192,771
• Publication Number:
  US 20030004445A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,154 Days
• Field of Search: 601 41- 44, 601/84, 601/93, 601/97, 601104-107, 601/134, 601/135, 601/143, 601/144, 601/1
• US Class Current: 601/41
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2011/005 with belt or strap expanding and contracting around an encircled body part
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2031/003 with alternated thorax decompression due to lateral compression
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/0103 inflatable
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/0173 Means for preventing injuries
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/0176 By stopping operation
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/018 By limiting the applied torque or force
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/1238 with hydraulic or pneumatic drive
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/165 Wearable interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5007 computer controlled
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/501 connected to external computer devices or networks
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5012 using the internet
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5043 Displays
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5058 Sensors or detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5061 Force sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5064 Position sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5071 Pressure sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5089 Gas sensors, e.g. for oxygen or CO2
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5097 wireless
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2230/04 Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. E.G.C., blood pressure modulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2230/207 partial O2-value
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2230/30 : Blood pressure A61H2230/04 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 31/00 : Artificial respiration or heart stimulation, e.g. heart massage artificial respiration by treatment with gas or air, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration A61M16/00; applying electric currents by contact electrodes for stimulation, e.g. heart pace-makers A61N1/36 ; teaching or training models, demonstration models for medical purposes G09B23/288
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 31/005 : with feedback for the user
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 31/006 : Power driven
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 31/008 : Supine patient supports or bases, e.g. improving air-way access to the lungs
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 9/0078 : with intermittent or alternately inflated bladders or cuffs mattresses for preventing bed-sores with alternated pressurized chambers A61G7/05776
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/00 : Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes stimulating the respiratory movement by mechanical, pneumatic or electrical means, iron lungs combined with gas breathing means A61H31/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/10 : Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3546 : Range
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/046 : Specially adapted for shock therapy, e.g. defibrillation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/39 : Heart defibrillators
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/39044 : in combination with cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] therapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3968 : Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings A61N1/375 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 601/07 : Inflatable

Abstract

Improved automatic chest compression systems which use constricting belts, repeatedly inflating bladders, or reciprocating pistons to compress the chest. A bladder is placed between the chest and the particular mechanism used to compress the chest during CPR. The bladder maximizes the effectiveness of chest compressions.

Claims

1. A system for performing CPR on a patient, said system comprising:

a chest compression means comprising a belt adapted to be disposed at least partially about the chest of the patient and a means for repetitively tightening the belt at a resuscitative rate, said means operably connected to the belt;

a bladder disposed between the chest compression means and the chest of the patient, wherein the bladder comprises a left lateral section, a central section, and a right lateral section, and wherein each section comprises a an open-celled foam and a gas; and

a defibrillator operably connected to the patient.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a means for measuring biological parameters operably connected to the patient.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the bladder further comprises an aperture communicating from the interior of the bladder to the exterior of the bladder, and a valve controlling the aperture, wherein the valve is open when atmospheric pressure is about equal to the pressure inside the bladder and wherein the valve closes during a compression.

4. The bladder of claim 3 wherein a bottom surface of the central section is made of an elastic material.

5. A system for performing CPR on a patient, said system comprising:

a chest compression means comprising a belt adapted to be disposed at least partially about the chest of the patient and a means for repetitively tightening the belt at a resuscitative rate, said means operably connected to the belt;

a bladder disposed between the chest compression means and the chest of the patient, wherein the bladder comprises a left lateral section, a central section, and a right lateral section, and wherein each section comprises a an open-celled foam and a gas;

a defibrillator operably connected to the patient;

a means for measuring biological parameters operably connected to the patient; and

an aperture in the bladder, and a valve controlling flow through the aperture, wherein the valve is open when atmospheric pressure is about equal to the pressure inside the bladder and wherein the valve closes during a compression.

6. The bladder of claim 5 wherein a bottom surface of the central section is made of an elastic material.

7. A system for performing CPR on a patient, said system comprising:

a chest compression means comprising a belt adapted to be disposed at least partially about the chest of the patient and a means for repetitively tightening the belt at a resuscitative rate, said means operably connected to the belt; and

a bladder disposed between the chest compression means and the chest of the patient, wherein the bladder comprises a left lateral section, a central section, and a right lateral section, and wherein each section contains a pressure-transmitting medium;

wherein a bottom surface of the central section is made of an elastic material.

8. A system for performing CPR on a patient, said system comprising:

a chest compression means comprising a belt adapted to be disposed at least partially about the chest of the patient and a means for repetitively tightening the belt at a resuscitative rate, said means operably connected to the belt; and

a bladder disposed between the chest compression means and the chest of the patient, wherein the bladder comprises a left lateral section, a central section, and a right lateral section, and wherein each section contains a pressure-transmitting medium;

wherein the bottom surface of the central section is pleated.

9. The bladder of claim 8 wherein a bottom surface of the central section is comprised of an elastic material.

10. A system for performing CPR on a patient, said system comprising:

a belt adapted to be disposed over the chest of the patient;

a means for repetitively tightening the belt at a resuscitative rate, said means operably connected to the belt;

a first bladder adapted to be disposed between a patient and the belt; and

a second bladder disposed above the first bladder and below the belt.

11. A system for performing CPR on a patient, said system comprising:

a belt adapted to be disposed over the chest of the patient;

a means for tightening the belt operably connected to the belt;

a first bladder adapted to be disposed between a patient and the belt; and

a second bladder disposed above the first bladder and below the belt;

wherein the bladder comprises a left lateral section, a central section, and a right lateral section, wherein each section contains a pressure-transmitting medium.

12. A method of performing chest compressions on a patient comprising the steps of:

providing a chest compression device capable of performing chest compressions on the patient, said chest compression device having a belt adapted to be disposed over the chest of the patient;

providing a first bladder adapted to be disposed between the chest compression device and the chest of the patient, wherein the bladder comprises a left lateral section, a central section, and a right lateral section, wherein each section contains a pressure-transmitting medium and wherein the bladder further comprises a first fluid pathway connecting the left lateral section and the central section and a second fluid pathway connecting the right lateral section and the central section;

thereafter securing the chest compression device and the bladder to the patient such that the bladder is disposed between the belt and the chest of the patient; and

performing chest compressions.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the pressure-transmitting medium is a combination of an open-cell foam and a gas.

14. The method of claim 12 comprising the further steps of:

providing a second bladder before the step of securing the chest compression device; and

thereafter securing the second bladder between the first bladder and the belt.

15. A system for performing CPR on a patient, said system comprising:

a belt adapted to be disposed at least partially about the chest of the patient;

a means for repetitively tightening the belt at a resuscitative rate, said means operably connected to the belt;

a bladder disposed between the belt and the chest of the patient;

wherein the bladder comprises a first seam and a second seam joining the upper surface of the bladder to the lower surface of the bladder to create a central bladder section, right bladder section and a left bladder section.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein the bladder further comprises:

a first channel communicating from the right bladder section to the central section and a second channel communicating from the left bladder section to the central section, said first and second seams running vertically along the bladder.

17. A system for performing CPR on a patient, said system comprising:

a belt adapted to be disposed at least partially about the chest of the patient;

a means for repetitively tightening the belt at a resuscitative rate, said means operably connected to the belt;

a bladder disposed between the belt and the chest of the patient;

wherein the bladder comprises a plurality of chambers separated by at least one divider, wherein each divider has a length and a width and wherein the length of the at least one divider is greater than the width of the at least one divider, and wherein the length of each divider is oriented along the superior-inferior direction of the patient if the bladder is disposed on the patient.

18. The system of claim 17 further comprising channels communicating between adjacent chambers of the bladder.

19. A device for compressing the chest of a patient comprising:

a chest compression mechanism comprising a belt adapted to extend at least partially around the chest of the patient and a means for repeatedly constricting the belt and loosening the belt at a resuscitative rate to cause repeated compressions of the chest;

a bladder adapted to be disposed between the chest of the patient and the chest compression mechanism, said bladder comprising a right lateral section adapted to be disposed over the right side of the patient'"'"'s chest, a center section adapted to be disposed over the center of the patient'"'"'s chest, and a left lateral section adapted to be disposed over the left side of the patients chest, said bladder having a first relaxed configuration which it assumes when the belt is loosened about the chest and a second pressurized configuration which it assumes when the belt is constricted about the chest of the patient;

wherein in said relaxed configuration the right lateral section, center section and left lateral section are each filled with fluid and in said pressurized configuration the right lateral section and left lateral section are compressed and a portion of the fluid therein is forced into the center section.

20. The device of claim 19, wherein the bladder further comprises:

a resilient foam substantially filling the bladder.

21. The device of claim 19, wherein the bladder further comprises:

a first divider substantially separating the right lateral section of the bladder from the center section, said first divider defining at least one fluid channel connecting the right lateral section with the center section; and

a second divider substantially separating the left lateral section of the bladder from the center section, said second divider defining at least one fluid channel connecting the left lateral section with the center section.

22. The device of claim 19, wherein the bladder spans substantially the entire breadth of the patient'"'"'s chest.

23. The device of claim 19, wherein the bladder spans substantially the entire breadth and height of the Patient'"'"'s chest.

24. The device of claim 19, wherein the bladder is about 12 to 16 inches wide and 6 to 8 inches high, relative to the patient.

25. A device for compressing the chest of a patient comprising:

a belt adapted to extend at least partially around the chest of the patient;

means for repeatedly constricting the belt and loosening the belt at a resuscitative rate to cause repeated compressions of the chest;

a bladder adapted to be disposed between the chest of the patient and the belt, said bladder comprising a right lateral section adapted to be disposed over the right side of the patient'"'"'s chest, a center section adapted to be disposed over the center of the patient'"'"'s chest, and a left lateral section adapted to be disposed over the left side of the patients chest, said bladder having a first relaxed configuration which it assumes when the belt is loosened about the chest and a second pressurized configuration which it assumes when the belt is constricted about the chest of the patient;

wherein in said relaxed configuration the right lateral section, center section and left lateral section are each filled with fluid and in said pressurized configuration the right lateral section and left lateral section are compressed and a portion of the fluid therein is forced into the center section.

26. The device of claim 25, wherein the bladder further comprises:

a resilient foam substantially filling the bladder.

27. The device of claim 25, wherein the bladder further comprises:

a first divider substantially separating the right lateral section of the bladder from the center section, said first divider defining at least one fluid channel connecting the right lateral section with the center section; and

a second divider substantially separating the left lateral section of the bladder from the center section, said second divider defining at least one fluid channel connecting the left lateral section with the center section.

28. The device of claim 25, wherein the bladder spans substantially the entire breadth of the patient'"'"'s chest.

29. The device of claim 25, wherein the bladder spans substantially the entire breadth and height of the patient'"'"'s chest.

30. The device of claim 25, wherein the bladder is about 16 inches wide and 8 inches high, relative to the patient.

31. A device for compressing the chest of a patient comprising:

a base adapted for placement over the central region of a patients chest;

an actuator connected to a belt configured to wrap around the patient'"'"'s chest;

a force converter mounted on the base and coupled to the actuator and the belt, said force converter operable to convert forces applied downwardly on the actuator into tangential forces applied to the belt;

a fluid-filled bladder disposed between the base and the patient'"'"'s chest;

wherein the bladder comprises;

a right lateral section adapted to be disposed over the right side of the patient'"'"'s chest, a center section adapted to be disposed over the center of the patient'"'"'s chest, and a left lateral section adapted to be disposed over the left side of the patients chest, and the bladder having a first relaxed configuration which it assumes when the belt is loosened about the chest and a second pressurized configuration which it assumes when the belt is constricted about the chest of the patient;

wherein in said relaxed configuration the right lateral section, center section and left lateral section are each filled with fluid and in said pressurized configuration the right lateral section and left lateral section are substantially compressed and the fluid therein is forced into the center section;

a first divider substantially separating the right lateral section of the bladder from the center section, said first divider defining at least one fluid channel connecting the right lateral section with the center section; and

a second divider substantially separating the left lateral section of the bladder from the center section, said second divider defining at least one fluid channel connecting the left lateral section with the center section.