Surface catalyst infra red laser
First Claim
1. An apparatus to extract energy from a chemical reaction by using hot atom reactions, comprising:
- a porous substrate;
a catalyst placed on the substrate for allowing reactions to occur on a surface of the catalyst; and
at least two optical elements placed near opposite ends of the surface and forming an optical cavity in a region of catalytic surface reaction, the at least two optical elements operable to extract laser energy from the reactions; and
at least a first wall surrounding the catalyst surface forming a first channel between the catalytic surface and the first wall, the region of catalytic surface reaction being exposed to the first channel, the first channel being a conduit through which reactants enter the region of catalytic surface reaction, wherein the catalyst includes a nanocluster on an oxide substrate.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An energy converter reacts hydrocarbons and air on a catalyst configuration to produce a population inversion. A photovoltaic system may extract the radiating energy, and a laser system may extract a significant fraction of the reaction energy in the form of coherent radiation. The flooding of the catalyst adsorption sites with fuel and the choice of catalyst predisposes the adsorbing oxygen molecules to create mono-atomic oxygen hot-atoms, which deposit the considerable energy of oxygen adsorption directly into a reaction channel of adjacent, adsorbed and simple fuel radicals, thereby producing simple, energetic product molecules, concentrating the energy in one or a few modes, and strongly favoring inverted populations. A solid state method to stimulate precursor chemisorbed specie dissociation accelerates the reaction rates, providing a method to greatly intensify pulsed power output, increase efficiency, and to facilitate nano-scale and micro-scale thermal energy heat rejection processes.
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Citations
40 Claims
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1. An apparatus to extract energy from a chemical reaction by using hot atom reactions, comprising:
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a porous substrate;
a catalyst placed on the substrate for allowing reactions to occur on a surface of the catalyst; and
at least two optical elements placed near opposite ends of the surface and forming an optical cavity in a region of catalytic surface reaction, the at least two optical elements operable to extract laser energy from the reactions; and
at least a first wall surrounding the catalyst surface forming a first channel between the catalytic surface and the first wall, the region of catalytic surface reaction being exposed to the first channel, the first channel being a conduit through which reactants enter the region of catalytic surface reaction, wherein the catalyst includes a nanocluster on an oxide substrate. - View Dependent Claims (2)
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3. An apparatus to extract energy from a chemical reaction by using hot atom reactions, comprising:
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a porous a substrate;
a catalyst placed on the substrate for allowing reactions to occur on a surface of the catalyst; and
at least two optical elements placed near opposite ends of the surface and forming an optical cavity in a region of catalytic surface reaction, the at least two optical elements operable to extract laser energy from the reactions; and
at least a first wall surrounding the catalyst surface forming a first channel between the catalytic surface and the first wall, the region of catalytic surface reaction being exposed to the first channel, the first channel being a conduit through which reactants enter the region of catalytic surface reaction, wherein the porous substrate includes zeolite or aerogell material or combinations thereof.
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4. An apparatus to generate hot atoms, comprising:
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a porous substrate;
a catalyst placed on the substrate for allowing reactions to occur on a surface of the catalyst, the catalyst including at least one or more nano-islands of catalyst deposited with thickness less than a penetration depth of optical radiation extracted from the apparatus;
at least two optical elements placed near opposite ends of the surface and forming an optical cavity in a region of catalytic surface reaction, the at least two optical elements operable to extract laser energy from the reactions; and
at least a first wall surrounding the catalyst surface forming a first channel between the catalytic surface and the first wall, the region of catalytic surface reaction being exposed to the first channel, the first channel being a conduit through which reactants enter the region of catalytic surface reaction. - View Dependent Claims (5, 6)
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7. An apparatus to generate hot atoms, comprising:
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a porous substrate;
a catalyst placed on the substrate for allowing reactions to occur on a surface of the catalyst;
at least two optical elements placed near opposite ends of the surface and forming an optical cavity in a region of catalytic surface reaction, the at least two optical elements operable to extract laser energy from the reactions; and
at least a first wall surrounding the catalyst surface forming a first channel between the catalytic surface and the first wall, the region of catalytic surface reaction being exposed to the first channel, the first channel being a conduit through which reactants enter the region of catalytic surface reaction, wherein the porous substrate includes a non-conducting substrate favoring fuel adsorption, and the catalyst includes one or more nanometer dimension catalyst islands favoring oxygen adsorption. - View Dependent Claims (8)
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9. An apparatus to generate hot atoms, comprising:
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a porous substrate;
a catalyst placed on the substrate for allowing reactions to occur on a surface of the catalyst; and
at least two optical elements placed near opposite ends of the surface and forming an optical cavity in a region of catalytic surface reaction, the at least two optical elements operable to extract laser energy from the reactions; and
at least a first wall surrounding the catalyst surface forming a first channel between the catalytic surface and the first wall, the region of catalytic surface reaction being exposed to the first channel, the first channel being a conduit through which air enters the region of catalytic surface reaction. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An apparatus to generate hot atoms, comprising:
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a porous substrate;
a catalyst placed on the substrate for allowing reactions to occur on a surface of the catalyst;
at least two optical elements placed near opposite ends of the surface and forming an optical cavity in a region of catalytic surface reaction, the at least two optical elements operable to extract laser energy from the reactions;
at least a first wall surrounding the catalyst surface forming a first channel between the catalytic surface and the first wall, the region of catalytic surface reaction being exposed to the first channel, the first channel being a conduit through which reactants enter the region of catalytic surface reaction; and
a second wall surrounding a bottom side of the porous substrate that is opposite the catalytic surface, the second wall and the bottom side forming a second channel between the second wall and the bottom side, wherein reactants are enabled to enter the region via the second channel and the porous substrate.
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18. An apparatus to extract optical energy from a chemical reaction, comprising:
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one or more porous substrates capable of permitting a flow of reactants through the one or more porous substrates;
one or more catalysts formed on the substrate, at least one of the one or more catalysts exhibiting a potential barrier to chemical reactants on the catalyst, the potential barrier causing a slowing effect of at least one of dissociation upon adsorption on the catalyst, charge acquisition by the chemical reactants on the catalyst, and further chemical reaction on the catalyst;
a supply of one or more chemical reactants selected from those known to produce hot atoms from the one or more reactants reacting with the one or more catalyst and to cause simple, vibrationally energetic molecules to be generated as a result of the hot atoms reacting with the one or more reactants or reaction products;
one or more means of cooling one or more surfaces of the one or more catalysts formed on the substrate, to enhance the slowing effect of the potential barrier;
one or more reaction initiators;
one or more channels to convey reactants to and exhausts away from the one or more surfaces;
an optical system coupled to a region including the vibrationally energetic molecules and configured to extract optical energy from the vibrationally energetic molecules. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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Specification