Neurostimulator involving stimulation strategies and process for using it

• US 6,944,501 B1
• Filed: 04/05/2000
• Issued: 09/13/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 04/05/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Neuropace Inc.
• Original Assignee: Neuropace Inc.
• Inventors: Pless, Benjamin D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sykes, Angela D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BRADFORD, RODERICK D
• Application Number:
  US09/543,264
• Time in Patent Office: 1,987 Days
• Field of Search: 607/45, 607/62, 607/72, 607/1, 607/2, 600/544, 600/5, 600/545
• US Class Current: 607/45
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36064 Epilepsy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36082 Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36135 using physiological parameters
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36178 Burst or pulse train parameters

Abstract

This is a neurostimulator that is configured to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders using certain stimulation strategies, particularly changing various pulse parameters, during the imposition of a burst of those pulses. The invention includes the processes embodying those stimulation strategies.

Claims

1. A method for treating an abnormal neurological condition comprising the steps of:

determining a treatment regime for applying at least one electrical burst to brain tissue before detecting an electrical activity in the brain tissue, the at least one burst comprising a multiplicity of pulses, said pulses having pulse parameters;

selecting at least one pulse parameter to vary during the burst, prior to application of the burst;

applying to the brain tissue the at least one electrical burst; and

varying the at least one-previously selected pulse parameters during the at least one electrical burst.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of varying the at least one previously selected pulse parameters comprises varying at least two said previously selected pulse parameters during the burst.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of applying the said at least one electrical burst in response to a detectable electrical activity of the brain.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said detectable electrical activity is an epileptiform electrical activity.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein said detectable electrical activity predicts impending epileptiform electrical activity.

6. The method of claim 3 wherein said detectable electrical activity in the brain is epileptiform activity and said method further includes the step of detecting said electrical activity in the brain prior to determining the treatment regime.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said at least one pulse parameter is related to said detectable electrical activity in the brain.

8. The method of claim 6 further including the step of determining a pulse-to-pulse interval of said electrical activity in the brain prior to determining the treatment regime.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said at least one pulse parameter is related to said detected epileptiform pulse-to-pulse interval in the brain.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one pulse parameter is pulse-to-pulse interval and further comprising the step of varying said pulse-to-pulse interval in length to between about 10% and about 400% of said epileptiform pulse-to-pulse interval.

11. The method of claim 3 wherein said detectable electrical activity in the brain is epileptiform activity and said method further includes the steps of:

detecting said electrical activity in the brain prior to initiating said at least on electrical burst;

determining both an interval of said electrical activity in the brain prior to initiating said at least one electrical burst and a characteristic of the electrical activity; and

delaying the initiation of said at least one electrical burst after the onset of the characteristic of the electrical activity for a period of time between 5% and about 100% of said interval of said electrical activity.

12. The method of claim 3 wherein said detectable electrical activity is an epileptiform electrical activity, said method further comprising the steps of:

detecting said electrical activity in the brain after the application of said at least one electrical burst; and

analyzing said electrical activity for epileptiform activity to produce a re-analyzed electrical activity.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said re-analyzed electrical activity comprises epileptiform electrical activity, said method comprising the further steps of:

re-applying to said brain tissue at least one electrical burst comprising a multiplicity of pulses, said pulses having pulse parameters; and

varying at least one of the pulse parameters during the re-applied at least one electrical burst.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the at least one pulse parameters varied in said re-applied at least one electrical burst are different than the pulse parameters varied in an earlier at least one electrical burst.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said steps are repeated up to ten times.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein, said previously selected pulse parameters are selected from the group consisting of selected electrode, pulse width, pulse amplitude, pulse polarity, and pulse-to-pulse interval.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein said previously selected at least one pulse parameter is pulse-to-pulse interval.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein said pulse-to-pulse interval is between about 3 and 300 microseconds.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of selecting at least one pulse parameter comprises selecting a randomly varying pulse-to-pulse interval for at least a portion of the burst.

20. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of selecting at least one pulse parameter comprises selecting a pseudo-randomly varying pulse-to-pulse interval for at least a portion of the burst.

21. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of selecting at least one pulse parameter comprises selecting a fractally varying pulse-to-pulse interval for at least a portion of the burst.

22. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of selecting at least one pulse parameter comprises selecting an incrementally increasing pulse-to-pulse interval for at least a portion of the burst.

23. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of selecting at least one pulse parameter comprises selecting an incrementally decreasing pulse-to-pulse interval for at least a portion of the burst.

24. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of selecting the pulse-to-pulse interval as the at least one previously selected pulse parameter includes functionally selecting the pulse parameter to avoid initiation of epileptiform activity.

25. The method of claim 17 further including the step of delivering a hyper-polarizing pulse to said brain tissue prior to initiating the application of said at least one electrical burst.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein said hyper-polarizing pulse is 40 to 500 microseconds in length.

27. The method of claim 25 wherein said hyper-polarizing is comparatively lower in amplitude and longer in pulses in said at least one electrical burst.

28. The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one pulse parameter is pulse amplitude.

29. The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of randomly varying said pulse amplitude for at least a portion of the burst.

30. The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of pseudo-randomly varying said pulse amplitude for at least a portion of the burst.

31. The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of fractally varying said pulse amplitude for at least a portion of the burst.

32. The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of incrementally increasing said pulse amplitude for at least a portion of the burst.

33. The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of incrementally decreasing said pulse amplitude for at least a portion of the burst.

34. The method of claim 28 further including the step of delivering a hyper-polarizing pulse to said brain tissue prior to initiating the application of said at least one electrical burst.

35. The method of claim 34 wherein said hyper-polarizing pulse is 40 to 500 microseconds in length.

36. The method of claim 34 wherein said hyper-polarizing pulse is comparatively lower in amplitude and longer in pulse length than pulses in said at least one electrical burst.

37. The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one pulse parameter is pulse width.

38. The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of randomly varying said pulse width for at least a portion of the burst.

39. The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of pseudo-randomly varying said pulse width for at least a portion of the burst.

40. The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of fractally varying said pulse width for at least a portion of the burst.

41. The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of incrementally increasing said pulse width for at least a portion of the burst.

42. The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of incrementally decreasing said pulse width for at least a portion of the burst.

43. The method of claim 37 further including the step of delivering a hyper-polarizing pulse to said brain tissue prior to initiating said at least one electrical burst.

44. The method of claim 43 wherein said hyper-polarizing pulse is 40 to 500 microseconds in length.

45. The method of claim 43 wherein said hyper-polarizing pulse is comparatively lower in amplitude and longer in pulse length than pulses in said at least one electrical burst.

46. A method for treating an abnormal neurological condition comprising the steps of:

determining a treatment regime for applying electrical bursts to brain tissue before detecting an electrical activity in the brain tissue, the bursts comprising a multiplicity of pulses, said pulses having pulse parameters;

selecting at least one pulse parameter to vary during the bursts, prior to application of the bursts;

applying to the brain tissue, electrical bursts to different electrodes spatially separated in a brain, and said application of electrical burst being in response to a detectable electrical activity; and

varying at least one of the pulse parameters independently during the bursts.

47. The method of claim 46 further comprising delivering said multiplicity of pulses simultaneously to said electrodes.

48. The method of claim 46 further comprising delivering said multiplicity of pulse to said electrodes, said electrodes being configured to treat a multi-focal epilepsy.

49. The method of claim 46 wherein said electrical activity is an epileptiform electrical and wherein said electrodes are located near an epileptigenic focus, said method further comprising applying comparatively lower amplitude pulses to electrodes spatially closer to the epileptigenic focus.

50. An implantable neurostimulator assembly for treating a disorder in a human brain, comprising in combination:

a.) at least a first electrical neurostimulator electrode, and

b.) at least a first electrical signal source connectable to said at least first electrical neurostimulator electrode, said first electrical signal source configured to initiated at least one stimulation burst to said at least a first electrical neurostimulation electrode before detecting an electrical activity, said at least one burst comprising pulses having pulse parameters, and wherein the first electrical signal source is configured to select at least one pulse parameter to be varied prior to initiation of a pulse and to vary the selected at least one pulse parameter prior to application of the burst.

51. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 50 further comprising at least a first brain electrical activity sensor for sensing electrical activity in a brain.

52. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 51 wherein said at least a first brain electrical activity sensor is configured to detect epileptiform activity prior to initiating the application of said at least one electrical burst.

53. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 51 wherein said at least a first brain electrical activity sensor is configured to determine the epileptiform pulse-to-pulse interval of said electrical activity in the brain prior to initiating the application of said at least one electrical burst.

54. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 53 wherein said first electrical signal source is configured to deliver an applied pulse-to-pulse interval that is varied in length between about 105% and about 400% of said epileptiform pulse-to-pulse interval.

55. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 53 wherein said first electrical signal source is configured to again apply at least one electrical burst comprising a multiplicity of pulses, said pulses having pulse parameters, at least one of which pulse parameters vary during the burst, when said at least a first brain electrical activity sensor detects epileptiform electrical activity after application of said first electrical burst.

56. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 53 wherein said first electrical signal source is configured to vary said one or pulse parameters is said re-applied at least one electrical burst that are different than the pulse parameters varied in said at least one electrical burst.

57. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 56 wherein said first brain electrical activity sensor comprises multiple brain electrical activity sensors.

58. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 57 wherein said multiple brain electrical activity sensors comprise sensors for measuring said at least one brain electrical activity of said brain simultaneously at different sites in a brain.

59. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 57 wherein said sensors are configured to measure said brain activity at a depth within a brain.

60. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 57 wherein said sensors are configured to measure said brain activity on a scalp.

61. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 50 wherein said first electrical signal source is configured to vary pulse parameters selected from the group consisting of electrode choice, pulse width, pulse amplitude, pulse polarity, and applied pulse-to-pulse interval.

62. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 50 wherein said first electrical signal source is configured to vary said pulse parameters randomly, pseudo-randomly, fractally, incrementally increasing, incrementally decreasing, or effectively to avoid initiation of epileptiform activity.

63. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 50 wherein said first electrical signal source is configured to deliver a hyper-polarizing pulse of brain tissue prior to initiating the application of said at least one electrical burst.

64. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 63 wherein said hyper-polarizing pulse is 40 to 5000 microseconds in length.

65. The implantable neurostimulator of claim 63 wherein said hyper-polarizing pulse is comparatively lower in amplitude and longer in pulse length than pulses in said at least one electrical burst.