System for controlling an internal combustion engine in a fuel efficient manner

• US 6,944,532 B2
• Filed: 02/13/2003
• Issued: 09/13/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 06/18/1998
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cummins Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Cummins Incorporated
• Inventors: Bellinger, Steven M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Argenbright, Tony M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hoang, Johnny H.
• Application Number:
  US10/366,230
• Publication Number:
  US 20030216847A1
• Time in Patent Office: 943 Days
• Field of Search: 701/102, 701/103, 701/104, 701/114, 701/110, 701/115, 123/350, 123/320, 123/478, 123/480, 477/107, 477/111
• US Class Current: 701/115
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2250/02 Vehicle mass
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/04 including control of propulsion units
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/10 including control of change-speed gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/101 Infinitely variable gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/11 Stepped gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0042 Transfer function lag; delays
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0066 using buttons or a keyboard connected to the on-board processor
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0609 Throttle change rate
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0638 Engine speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/1005 Transmission ratio engaged
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/105 Output torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/10 Longitudinal speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2530/10 Weight
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2530/16 Driving resistance
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/10 Accelerator pedal position
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/215 Selection or confirmation of options
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/30 Driving style
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2552/15 Road slope, i.e. the inclination of a road segment in the longitudinal direction
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2555/60 Traffic rules, e.g. speed limits or right of way
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2555/80 : Country specific, e.g. driver age limits or right hand drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2556/50 : of positioning data, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System] data
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/0644 : Engine speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/0677 : Engine power
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2720/10 : Longitudinal speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2720/106 : Longitudinal acceleration
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/1819 : Propulsion control with control means using analogue circuits, relays or mechanical links
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/1882 : characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 50/082 : Selecting or switching between different modes of propelling
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 50/085 : Changing the parameters of the control units, e.g. changing limit values, working points by control input
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2041/2048 : said control involving a limitation, e.g. applying current or voltage limits
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/0404 : Throttle position
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/0614 : Actual fuel mass or fuel injection amount
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/1002 : Output torque
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/1004 : Estimation of the output torque
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/1012 : Engine speed gradient
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/501 : Vehicle speed
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/602 : Pedal position
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/701 : Information about vehicle position, e.g. from navigation system or GPS signal
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/702 : Road conditions
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2250/26 : by applying a torque limit
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2400/12 : Engine control specially adapted for a transmission comprising a torque converter or for continuously variable transmissions
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 31/009 : for maximum speed control
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/0225 : in relation with the gear ratio or shift lever position
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/023 : in relation with the gear ratio shifting conjoint control for improving gear change B60W30/19
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/1497 : With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/2406 : using essentially read only memories
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/2422 : Selective use of one or more tables
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2059/663 : Road slope
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2059/666 : Determining road conditions by using vehicle location or position, e.g. from global navigation systems [GPS]
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2061/0015 : Transmission control for optimising fuel consumptions
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2061/022 : Calculation or estimation of optimal gear ratio, e.g. best ratio for economy drive or performance according driver preference, or to optimise exhaust emissions
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 59/52 : dependent on the weight of the machine, e.g. change in weight resulting from passengers boarding a bus
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/0213 : characterised by the method for generating shift signals
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/66 : specially adapted for continuously variable gearings control of exclusively fluid gearing F16H61/38
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 63/50 : Signals to an engine or motor
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 : Engine management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/84 : Data processing systems or methods, management, administration

Abstract

A system for controlling an engine in a fuel efficient manner includes a memory having stored therein an engine output characteristics map bounded by a maximum engine output curve. The map defines a region of undesirable operation having a first border defined as a function of engine speed and intersecting the maximum engine output curve. A control computer is configured to control engine operation in a fuel efficient manner by limiting engine operation within the map to the first border while also allowing the engine to operate anywhere on the maximum engine output curve. The control computer may be configured to so limit engine operation to the first border only if an engine or vehicle acceleration value is outside of an acceleration range, and further only if an engine work value is greater than an engine work threshold, and otherwise to allow engine operation anywhere on or within the map.

Claims

1. A system for controlling an internal combustion engine, comprising:

a memory having stored therein an engine output characteristics map for the engine, said map bounded by a maximum engine output curve; and

means for establishing a region of said engine output characteristics map wherein engine operation is undesirable, said region defining a first border as a first function of engine speed and intersecting said maximum engine output curve, said first border and said maximum engine output curve defining a boundary of said region.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said region further defines a second border as a second function of engine speed and intersecting said maximum engine output curve, said boundary of said region defined by said first and second borders and by said maximum engine output curve.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein said engine output characteristics map further includes a number of fuel consumption contours superimposed thereon;

and wherein said first border is further a function of at least one of said number of fuel consumption contours.

4. The system of claim 1 further including means for determining a geographical position of a vehicle carrying the engine;

and

means for defining said first border further as a function of said geographical position of said vehicle.

5. The system of claim 1 further including:

means for determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to the engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto;

means for determining road speed of a vehicle carrying the engine and producing a vehicle speed signal corresponding thereto; and

means for modifying said first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of either of said gear ratio value and said vehicle speed signal.

6. The system of claim 1 further including:

means for establishing a driver reward and/or penalty; and

means for modifying said first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said driver reward and/or penalty.

7. The system of claim 1 further including:

means for determining a grade, relative to horizontal, of a road being traversed by a vehicle carrying the engine and producing a road grade signal corresponding thereto; and

means for modifying said first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said road grade signal.

8. The system of claim 1 further including:

means for determining whether a vehicle carrying the engine is cornering and producing a cornering signal corresponding thereto; and

means for modifying said first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said cornering signal.

9. The system of claim 1 further including means for maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside of said region of undesirable engine operation while allowing engine operation on said boundary of said region.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein said means for maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside of said region includes means for limiting engine operation within said engine output characteristics map to said first border while also allowing said engine operation anywhere on said maximum engine output curve.

11. The system of claim 10 further including:

means for determining an acceleration rate of one of the engine and a vehicle carrying the engine and producing a corresponding acceleration rate value corresponding thereto;

wherein said means for limiting said engine operation within said engine output characteristics map to said first border is configured to so limit said engine operation if said acceleration rate value is outside of an acceleration rate range, and otherwise to allow said engine operation anywhere on or within said engine output characteristics map.

12. The system of claim 11 further including:

means for determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to the engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto; and

means for determining a road speed of the vehicle and producing a vehicle speed value corresponding thereto;

wherein said acceleration rate range includes minimum and maximum acceleration rate limits, said maximum acceleration rate limit being a function of one of said gear ratio value and said vehicle speed value.

13. The system of claim 12 further including means for determining said maximum acceleration rate limit as a function of either of said currently engaged gear ratio and said vehicle speed signal.

14. The system of claim 12 further including means for storing said minimum acceleration rate limit therein, said minimum acceleration rate limit corresponding to a minimum discernable positive acceleration rate value.

15. The system of claim 11 further including:

means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine and producing an engine work value corresponding thereto;

wherein said means for limiting said engine operation within said engine output characteristics map to said first border is further configured to so limit said engine operation if said engine work value is greater than an engine work threshold, and otherwise to allow said engine operation anywhere on or within said engine output characteristics map.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes means for determining an engine load value as a function of engine fueling, said engine work value corresponding to said engine load value and said engine work threshold corresponding to an engine load threshold.

17. The system of claim 15 wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes means for determining a mass air flow value corresponding to a mass flow of intake air entering an intake manifold of the engine, said engine work value corresponding to said mass air flow value and said engine work threshold corresponding to a mass air flow threshold.

18. The system of claim 15 further including a turbocharger coupled to the engine;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes means for determining a boost pressure value corresponding to an increase in engine intake air pressure produced by said turbocharger, said engine work value corresponding to said boost pressure value and said engine work threshold corresponding to a boost pressure threshold.

19. The system of claim 15 further including a turbocharger coupled to the engine;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes means for determining a turbocharger speed value corresponding to a rotational speed of said turbocharger, said engine work value corresponding to said turbocharger speed value and said engine work threshold corresponding to a turbocharger speed threshold.

20. The system of claim 15 further including an engine speed sensor configured to detect a number of gear teeth passing thereby and produce an engine speed signal corresponding thereto;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes means for determining an engine load value as a function of fluctuations in said engine speed signal between adjacent ones of said number of gear teeth occurring between engine firing impulses, said engine work value corresponding to said engine load value and said engine work threshold corresponding to an engine load threshold.

21. The system of claim 15 further including:

an intake manifold coupled to the engine and configured to receive intake air supplied to the engine;

an exhaust manifold coupled to the engine and configured to expel exhaust gas produced by the engine;

an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) conduit coupled between said intake manifold and said exhaust manifold;

an EGR valve disposed in line with said EGR conduit and configured to selectively direct exhaust gas from said exhaust manifold to said intake manifold; and

means for sensing a position of said EGR valve relative to a reference position and producing an EGR valve position signal corresponding thereto;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes means for determining an engine load value as a function of said EGR valve position signal, said engine work value corresponding to said engine load value and said engine work threshold corresponding to an engine load threshold.

22. The system of claim 15 wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes means for determining a throttle value indicative of driver requested torque, said engine work value corresponding to said throttle value and said engine work threshold corresponding to a throttle value threshold.

23. The system of claim 22 further including an accelerator pedal producing an accelerator pedal signal indicative of accelerator pedal position relative to a reference position;

wherein said means for determining a throttle value indicative of driver requested torque includes means for determining, said throttle value as a function of said accelerator pedal signal.

24. The system of claim 22 further including a cruise control system producing a cruise control signal indicative of driver requested road speed;

wherein said means for determining a throttle value indicative of driver requested torque includes means for determining said throttle value as a function of said cruise control signal.

25. The system of claim 2 further including means for determining a geographical position of a vehicle carrying the engine;

and

means for defining said first and second borders further as a function of said geographical position of said vehicle.

26. The system of claim 2 further including:

means for determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to the engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto;

means for determining road speed of a vehicle carrying the engine and producing a vehicle speed signal corresponding thereto; and

means for modifying either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of either of said gear ratio value and said vehicle speed signal.

27. The system of claim 2 further including:

means for establishing a driver reward and/or penalty; and

means for modifying either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said driver reward and/or penalty.

28. The system of claim 2 further including:

means for determining an incline or decline grade of a road being traversed by a vehicle carrying the engine and producing a road grade signal corresponding thereto; and

means for modifying either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said road grade signal.

29. The system of claim 2 further including:

means for determining whether a vehicle carrying the engine is cornering and producing a cornering signal corresponding thereto; and

means for modifying either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said cornering signal.

30. The system of claim 2 further including means for maintaining or encouraging operation of the engine outside said region of undesirable engine operation while allowing engine operation an said boundary of said region.

31. A system for controlling an internal combustion engine, comprising:

a memory having stored therein an engine output characteristics map bounded by a maximum engine output curve, said map defining a region of undesirable engine operation having a first border defined as a function of engine speed and intersecting said maximum engine output curve, said first border and said maximum engine output curve defining a boundary of said region; and

a control computer controlling engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging said engine operation outside said region.

32. The system of claim 31 wherein said region further defines a second border as a second function of engine speed and intersecting said maximum engine output curve, said boundary of said region defined by said first and second borders and by said maximum engine output curve.

33. The system of claim 31 wherein said engine output characteristics map further includes a number of fuel consumption contours superimposed thereon;

and wherein said first border is further a function of at least one of said number of fuel consumption contours.

34. The system of claim 31 further including a global positioning system (GPS) receiver configured to receive GPS radio signals broadcast by a number of earth-orbiting satellites;

wherein said control computer is configured to define said first border further as a function of said GPS radio signals.

35. The system of claim 31 further including:

means for determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to the engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto; and

a vehicle speed sensor producing a vehicle speed signal indicative of road speed of a vehicle carrying the engine;

wherein said control computer is configured to modify said first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of either of said gear ratio value and said vehicle speed signal.

36. The system of claim 31 further including means for establishing a driver reward and/or penalty and producing a driver reward/penalty value;

wherein said control computer is configured to modify said first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said driver reward/penalty value.

37. The system of claim 31 further including means for determining a grade, relative to horizontal, of a road being traversed by a vehicle carrying the engine and producing a road grade signal corresponding thereto;

wherein said control computer is configured to modify said first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said road grade signal.

38. The system of claim 31 further including means for determining whether a vehicle carrying the engine is cornering and producing a cornering signal corresponding thereto;

wherein said control computer is configured to modify said first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said cornering signal.

39. The system of claim 31 wherein control computer is configured to maintain or encourage engine operation outside of said region by limiting engine operation within said engine output characteristics map to said first border while also allowing said engine operation anywhere on said maximum engine output curve.

40. The system of claim 39 further including:

an engine speed sensor producing an engine speed signal indicative of engine rotational speed; and

a vehicle speed sensor producing a vehicle speed signal indicative of road speed of a vehicle carrying the engine;

wherein said control computer is responsive to one of said engine speed signal and said vehicle speed signal to determine a corresponding acceleration rate value, said control computer configured to limit said engine operation within said engine output characteristics map to said first border if said acceleration rate value is outside of an acceleration rate range, and otherwise to allow said engine operation anywhere on or within said engine output characteristics map.

41. The system of claim 40 further including means for determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to the engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto;

wherein said acceleration rate range includes minimum and maximum acceleration rate limits, said maximum acceleration rate limit being a function of one of said gear ratio value and said vehicle speed signal.

42. The system of claim 41 further including a memory unit having said minimum acceleration rate limit stored therein, said minimum acceleration rate limit corresponding to a mini mum discernable positive acceleration rate value.

43. The system of claim 40 further including means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine and producing an engine work value corresponding thereto;

wherein said control computer is further configured to limit said engine operation within said engine output characteristics map to said first border if said engine work value is greater than an engine work threshold, and otherwise to allow said engine operation anywhere on or within said engine output characteristics map.

44. The system of claim 43 further including a fuel system responsive to a fueling signal to supply fuel to said engine;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes said control computer configured to compute an engine load value as a function of said fueling signal, said engine work value corresponding to said engine load value and said engine work threshold corresponding to an engine load threshold.

45. The system of claim 43 further including a mass air flow sensor producing a mass air flow signal indicative of a mass flow of air entering an intake manifold of the engine;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes said control computer responsive to said mass air flow signal to determine a corresponding mass air flow value, said engine work value corresponding to said mass air flow value and said engine work threshold corresponding to a mass air flow threshold.

46. The system of claim 43 further including:

a turbocharger coupled to an intake manifold of the engine; and

a pressure sensor in fluid communication with said intake manifold and producing a boost pressure signal indicative intake air pressure produced by said turbocharger;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes said computer responsive to said boost pressure signal to determine a corresponding boost pressure value, said engine work value corresponding to said boost pressure value and said engine work threshold corresponding to a boost pressure threshold.

47. The system of claim 43 further including:

a turbocharger coupled to the engine; and

a speed sensor producing a turbocharger speed signal indicative of turbocharger rotational speed;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes said control computer responsive to said turbocharger speed signal to determine a corresponding turbocharger speed value, said engine work value corresponding to said turbocharger speed value and said engine work threshold corresponding to a turbocharger speed threshold.

48. The system of claim 43 wherein said engine speed sensor is configured to detect a number of gear teeth passing thereby and produce said engine speed signal;

and wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes said control computer responsive to said engine speed signal to determine an engine load value as a function of fluctuations in said engine speed signal between adjacent ones of said number of gear teeth occurring between engine firing impulses, said engine work value corresponding to said engine load value and said engine work threshold corresponding to an engine load threshold.

49. The system of claim 43 further including:

an intake manifold coupled to the engine and configured to receive intake air supplied to the engine;

an exhaust manifold coupled to the engine and configured to expel exhaust gas produced by the engine;

an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) conduit coupled between said intake manifold and said exhaust manifold;

an EGR valve disposed in line with said EGR conduit and configured to selectively direct exhaust gas from said exhaust manifold to said intake manifold; and

an EGR valve position sensor producing an EGR valve position signal indicative of a position of said EGR valve relative to a reference position;

wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes a control computer responsive to said EGR valve position signal to determine an engine load value, said engine work value corresponding to said engine load value and said engine work threshold corresponding to an engine load threshold.

50. The system of claim 43 wherein said means for determining a relative measure of work being done by the engine includes means for determining a throttle value indicative of driver requested torque, said engine work value corresponding to said throttle value and said engine work threshold corresponding to a throttle value threshold.

51. The system of claim 50 further including an accelerator pedal producing an accelerator pedal signal indicative of accelerator pedal position relative to a reference position;

wherein said means for determining a throttle value indicative of driver requested torque includes said control computer configured to compute said throttle value based on said accelerator pedal signal.

52. The system of claim 50 further including a cruise control system producing a cruise control signal indicative of driver requested road speed;

wherein said means for determining a throttle value indicative of driver requested torque includes said control computer configured to determine said throttle value base on said cruise control signal.

53. The system of claim 32 further including a global positioning system (GPS) receiver configured to receive GPS radio signals broadcast by a number of earth-orbiting satellites;

wherein said control computer is configured to define said first and second borders further as a function of said GPS radio signals.

54. The system of claim 32 further including:

means for determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to the engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto; and

a vehicle speed sensor producing a vehicle speed signal indicative of road speed of a vehicle carrying the engine;

wherein said control computer is configured to modify either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of either of said gear ratio value and said vehicle speed signal.

55. The system of claim 32 further including:

means for establishing a driver reward and/or penalty and producing a driver reward/penalty value;

wherein said control computer is configured to modify either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said driver reward/penalty value.

56. The system of claim 32 further including:

means for determining an incline or decline grade, relative to horizontal, of a road being traversed by a vehicle carrying the engine and producing a road grade signal corresponding thereto;

wherein said control computer is configured to modify either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said road grade signal.

57. The system of claim 32 further including:

means for determining whether a vehicle carrying the engine is cornering and production a cornering signal corresponding thereto;

wherein said control computer is configured to modify either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said cornering signal.