Ultrasound apparatus and method for augmented clot lysis

• US 6,945,937 B2
• Filed: 09/03/2004
• Issued: 09/20/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 09/08/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the University of Arkansas (University of Arkansas System)
• Original Assignee: University of Arkansas System
• Inventors: Wilson, James D., Culp, William C.
• Primary Examiner(s): IMAM, ALI M
• Application Number:
  US10/934,916
• Publication Number:
  US 20050085748A1
• Time in Patent Office: 382 Days
• Field of Search: 600437-472, 424 951- 952
• US Class Current: 600/437
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/22004 using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves A61B17/225 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/22008 used or promoted
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/22027 Features of transducers
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/22084 stone- or thrombus-dissolving
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/22089 Gas-bubbles
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2007/0073 using multiple frequencies
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2007/0078 with multiple treatment transducers
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2007/0095 by modifying an excitation signal
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 7/02 Localised ultrasound hyperthermia hyperthermia in general A61F7/00

Abstract

An apparatus and method for using ultrasound augmented with microbubbles, thrombolytic drugs or other agents for clot lysis wherein at least one ultrasound transducer generates a plurality of acoustic signals and time, amplitude, phase and frequency modulation of the signals provide more uniform power delivery with fewer gaps in the ultrasound field. Interference patterns from one or multiple transducers are constantly shifted in position. A phased array of transducers may generate a beam that is swept over the area to be treated. In another embodiment, an array of transducers may generate ultrasound at a number of slightly varying frequencies to produce an interference pattern that sweeps in and out through the targeted tissue. A single array may be used to produce both effects simultaneously or separately.

Claims

1. An apparatus for generating acoustic fields in an anatomical portion of a human or animal body, comprising:

at least one acoustic transducer for injecting a plurality of acoustic signals into the anatomical portion, and

a signal generator generating said plurality of acoustic signals, said plurality of acoustic signals being characterized by respective frequencies, phases and amplitudes defining acoustic pressure peaks that continually vary temporally and spatially throughout said anatomical portion to avoid continuous standing waves in said anatomical portion.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said plurality of acoustic signals are characterized by respective frequencies, phases and amplitudes selectable to generate interference patterns among said plurality of acoustic signals, wherein said interference patterns define acoustic pressure peaks that continually vary temporally and spatially throughout said anatomical portion to avoid continuous standing waves in said anatomical portion.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said respective frequencies are selectable to avoid resonance of said plurality of acoustic signals in said anatomical portion.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a plurality of transducers are spatially distributed about said anatomical portion.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said signal generator comprises means for selecting said respective frequencies from a range of 500 kHz and above.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said signal generator comprises means for selecting said respective frequencies from a range of 500 kHz to 2 MHz.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said signal generator comprises means for randomly generating said respective frequencies, phases and amplitudes of said plurality of acoustic signals.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said signal generator comprises means for generating said plurality of acoustic signals from a white noise generator.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said signal generator further comprises means for sweeping said respective frequencies over a range of frequencies.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an array of transducers and wherein said signal generator comprises means for controlling said respective phases of said plurality of acoustic signals whereby said plurality of acoustics signals form a directed beam.

11. A method for generating acoustic fields in an anatomical portion of a human or animal body, comprising the steps of:

providing at least one acoustic transducer for injecting a plurality of acoustic signals into the anatomical portion, and

providing a signal generator generating said plurality of acoustic signals, said plurality of acoustic signals being characterized by respective frequencies, phases and amplitudes defining acoustic pressure peaks that continually vary temporally and spatially throughout said anatomical portion to avoid continuous standing waves in said anatomical portion.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said plurality of acoustic signals are characterized by respective frequencies, phases and amplitudes selectable to generate interference patterns among said plurality of acoustic signals, wherein said interference patterns define acoustic pressure peaks that continually vary temporally and spatially throughout said anatomical portion to avoid continuous standing waves in said anatomical portion.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein said respective frequencies are selectable to avoid resonance of said plurality of acoustic signals in said anatomical portion.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein a plurality of transducers are spatially distributed about said anatomical portion.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein said signal generator comprises means for selecting said respective frequencies from a range of 500 kHz and above.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said signal generator comprises means for selecting said respective frequencies from a range of 500 kHz to 2 MHz.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein said signal generator comprises means for randomly generating said respective frequencies, phases and amplitudes of said plurality of acoustic signals.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein said signal generator comprises means for generating said plurality of acoustic signals from a white noise generator.

19. The method of claim 11, wherein said signal generator further comprises means for sweeping said respective frequencies over a range of frequencies.

20. The method of claim 11, further comprising an array of transducers and wherein said signal generator comprises means for controlling said respective phases of said acoustic signals whereby said acoustics signals form a directed beam.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said directed beam is swept across an area of said anatomical portion.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein said directed beam is directed to a particular location within said anatomical portion.

23. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of introducing at least one lysing agent to said anatomical portion.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein said lysing agent comprises microbubbles.

25. The method of claim 23 wherein said lysing agent comprises a thrombolytic drug.

26. The method of claim 23 wherein said lysing agent comprises a combination of microbubbles and a thrombolytic drug.