Methods and compositions for amplification of RNA sequences using RNA-DNA composite primers
First Claim
1. A method of generating multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to an RNA sequence of interest, said method comprising the steps of:
- (a) extending a first primer hybridized to a target RNA with at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, whereby a complex comprising a first primer extension product and the target RNA is produced;
(b) cleaving RNA in the complex of step (a) with at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid;
(c) extending a second primer hybridized to the first primer extension product with at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, whereby a second primer extension product is produced to form a complex of first and second primer extension products;
(d) cleaving RNA from the first primer in the complex of first and second primer extension products with at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid such that a composite amplification primer hybridizes to the second primer extension product, wherein the composite amplification primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion;
(e) extending the composite amplification primer hybridized to the second primer extension product with at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity;
whereby said first primer extension product is displaced, RNA is cleaved from the composite amplification primer and another composite amplification primer hybridizes such that primer extension and strand displacement are repeated, and whereby multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to the RNA sequence of interest are generated.
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Abstract
The invention provides methods for isothermal amplification of RNA. The methods are particularly suitable for amplifying a plurality of RNA species in a sample. The methods employ a composite primer, a second primer and strand displacement to generate multiple copies of DNA products comprising sequences complementary to an RNA sequence of interest. In another aspect, the methods employ a single primer (which is a composite primer) and strand displacement to generate multiple copies of DNA products comprising sequences complementary to an RNA sequence of interest. In some embodiments, a transcription step is included to generate multiple copies of sense RNA of an RNA sequence of interest. The methods are useful for preparation of nucleic acid libraries and substrates for analysis of gene expression of cells in biological samples. The invention also provides compositions and kits for practicing the amplification methods, as well as methods which use the amplification products.
264 Citations
338 Claims
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1. A method of generating multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to an RNA sequence of interest, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) extending a first primer hybridized to a target RNA with at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, whereby a complex comprising a first primer extension product and the target RNA is produced;
(b) cleaving RNA in the complex of step (a) with at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid;
(c) extending a second primer hybridized to the first primer extension product with at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, whereby a second primer extension product is produced to form a complex of first and second primer extension products;
(d) cleaving RNA from the first primer in the complex of first and second primer extension products with at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid such that a composite amplification primer hybridizes to the second primer extension product, wherein the composite amplification primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion;
(e) extending the composite amplification primer hybridized to the second primer extension product with at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity;
whereby said first primer extension product is displaced, RNA is cleaved from the composite amplification primer and another composite amplification primer hybridizes such that primer extension and strand displacement are repeated, and whereby multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to the RNA sequence of interest are generated. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 96, 97, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 139, 145, 146, 147, 148, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 212, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 309, 310)
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24. A method of generating multiple copies of an RNA sequence of interest, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) extending a first primer hybridized to a target RNA with at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, whereby a complex comprising a first primer extension product and the target RNA is produced;
(b) cleaving RNA in the complex of step (a) with at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid;
(c) extending a second primer hybridized to the first primer extension product with at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, whereby a second primer extension product is produced to form a complex of first and second primer extension products;
(d) cleaving RNA from the first primer in the complex of first and second primer extension products with at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid such that a composite amplification primer hybridizes to the second primer extension product, wherein the composite amplification primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion;
(e) extending said composite amplification primer hybridized to the second primer extension product with at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, whereby said first primer extension product is displaced, RNA is cleaved from the composite amplification primer and another composite amplification primer hybridizes such that primer extension and strand displacement are repeated;
(f) hybridizing the displaced first primer extension product with a polynucleotide comprising a propromoter and a region which is hybridizable to the displaced first primer extension product under conditions which allow transcription to occur by RNA polymerase, such that RNA transcripts are produced comprising sequences complementary to the displace first primer extension product, whereby multiple copies of the RNA sequence of interest are generated. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 98, 99, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 133, 135, 140, 149, 150, 151, 152, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 311, 312)
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49. A method of generating multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to an RNA sequence of interest, comprising incubating a reaction mixture, said reaction mixture comprising:
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(a) a complex of a first primer extension product and a second primer extension product, wherein the first primer extension product is hybridized to the second primer extension product, and wherein the second primer extension product comprises a 3′
single stranded portion, wherein the 3′
single stranded portion comprises the complement of a portion of a first primer, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion and is a tailed primer that comprises a 5′
portion that is not hybridizable to the target RNA, wherein the partially double stranded complex of the first primer extension product and the second primer extension product is generated by a method comprising extension of the first primer hybridized to target RNA by at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and cleavage of RNA from the first primer from the complex of the first primer extension product and the second primer extension product by at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA-DNA hybrid;
(b) a composite amplification primer that is hybridizable to the 3′
single stranded portion, wherein the composite amplification primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion;
(c) at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity; and
(d) at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid;
wherein the incubation is under conditions that permit primer hybridization, primer extension, RNA cleavage, and displacement of the first primer extension product when another composite amplification primer hybridizes to the 3′
single stranded portion such that primer extension and strand displacement are repeated, whereby multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to the RNA sequence of interest are generated. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52, 179, 288, 313, 314)
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53. A method of generating multiple copies of an RNA sequence of interest comprising incubating a reaction mixture, said reaction mixture comprising:
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(a) a complex of a first primer extension product and a second primer extension product, wherein the first primer extension product is hybridized to the second primer extension product, and wherein the second primer extension product comprises a 3′
single stranded portion, wherein the 3′
single stranded portion comprises the complement of a portion of a first primer, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, wherein the first primer is a tailed primer that comprises a 5′
portion that is not hybridizable to target RNA and wherein the partially double stranded polynucleotide is generated by a method comprising extension of the first primer hybridized to target RNA by at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity;
(b) a composite amplification primer that is hybridizable to the 3′
single stranded portion, wherein the composite amplification primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion;
(c) at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity; and
(d) at least one enzyme comprising RNA polymerase activity;
(e) a propromoter polynucleotide comprising a propromoter and a region which hybridizes to a first primer extension product; and
(f) at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid;
wherein the incubation is under conditions that permit primer hybridization, primer extension, RNA cleavage, and displacement of the first primer extension product when another composite amplification primer hybridizes to the 3′
single stranded portion such that primer extension and strand displacement are repeated, hybridization of the propromoter polynucleotide to the displaced polynucleotide to form a second complex comprising the displaced polynucleotide and the propromoter polynucleotide, and RNA transcription from said second complex, whereby multiple copies of the RNA sequence of interest are generated. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 141, 182, 207, 208, 315, 316)
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59. A method of generating multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to an RNA sequence of interest comprising:
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(a) incubating a reaction mixture, said reaction mixture comprising;
(i) a target RNA;
(ii) a first primer that is hybridizable to a target RNA, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion; and
(iii) at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity wherein the incubation is under conditions that permit primer hybridization, formation of a complex comprising a first primer extension product and the target RNA;
(b) incubating a reaction mixture, said reaction mixture comprising;
(i) the first primer extension product;
(ii) at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity;
(iii) at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity; and
(iv) optionally, at least one enzyme capable of cleaving RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid;
wherein the incubation is under conditions permitting formation of a complex comprising the first primer extension product and a second primer extension product;
(c) incubating a reaction mixture, said reaction mixture comprising;
(i) the complex comprising the first primer extension product a second primer extension product;
(ii) at least one enzyme capable of cleaving RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid;
(iii) a composite amplification primer, wherein the composite amplification primer comprises a RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion;
(iv) at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, wherein the incubation is under conditions that permit cleavage of RNA, composite primer hybridization, primer extension, and displacement of the first primer extension product from the complex comprising the first primer extension product and a second primer extension product, whereby another composite amplification primer hybridizes and primer extension and strand displacement are repeated;
whereby multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to the RNA sequence of interest are generated. - View Dependent Claims (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 136, 138, 142, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 180, 181, 228, 238, 239, 240, 243, 246, 250, 251, 253, 255, 259, 261, 317, 318, 327, 333, 334, 335)
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82. A method of generating multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to an RNA sequence of interest, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) cleaving RNA from a complex of first and second primer extension products with at least one enzyme that cleaves KNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid wherein the first primer extension product is produced by extension of a first primer hybridized to a target RNA with at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, and wherein the second primer extension product is generated by extension of a second primer hybridized to the first primer extension product;
(b) hybridizing a composite amplification primer to the second primer extension product and extending the composite amplification primer with at least one enzyme comprising DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, wherein the composite amplification primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion;
whereby said first primer extension product is displaced, RNA is cleaved from the composite amplification primer and another composite amplification primer hybridizes such that primer extension and strand displacement are repeated; and
whereby multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to the RNA sequence of interest are generated. - View Dependent Claims (83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 137, 143, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 235, 236, 237, 241, 242, 249, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258, 260, 262, 286, 287, 319, 320, 328)
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89. A method of generating multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to an RNA sequence of interest, said method comprising the step of:
- extending a composite amplification primer in a complex comprising;
(i) a complex of first and second primer extension products, wherein the first primer extension product is produced by extension of a first primer hybridized to a target RNA with at least one enzyme comprising RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, wherein the second primer extension product is generated by extension of a second primer hybridized to the first primer extension product, and wherein RNA from the complex of first and second primer extension products is cleaved with at least one enzyme that cleaves RNA from an RNA/DNA hybrid; and
(ii) a composite amplification primer, said composite amplification primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, wherein the composite amplification primer is hybridized to the second primer extension product;
whereby said first primer extension product is displaced, RNA is cleaved from the composite amplification primer and another composite amplification primer hybridizes such that primer extension and strand displacement are repeated; and
whereby multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to the RNA sequence of interest are generated. - View Dependent Claims (90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 144, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 244, 245, 247, 248, 321, 322)
- extending a composite amplification primer in a complex comprising;
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102. A method of determining presence or absence of a sequence of interest in a target RNA, said method comprising
(i) amplifying the target RNA, said amplifying comprising extending a composite amplification primer hybridized to a polynucleotide complex generated from the target RNA comprising a 3′ - single stranded region corresponding to the sequence of interest, wherein the RNA portion of the composite amplification primer is known to hybridize to a reference sequence comprising the sequence of interest, and wherein the polynucleotide complex is generated by a method comprising;
(a) extending a first primer hybridized to a target RNA, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, whereby a complex comprising a first primer extension product and the target RNA is produced;
(b) extending a second primer hybridized to the first prime extension product, whereby a second primer extension product is produced to form a complex of first and second primer extension products, and (c) cleaving RNA in the complex of first and second prime extension products, whereby the polynucleotide complex comprising the 3′
single stranded region is generated; and
(ii) comparing the amplification products if any from step (i) with the amount of amplification products from a polynucleotide complex generated from a reference template comprising a 3′
single stranded region comprising the reference sequence, wherein the 3′
single stranded region of the polynucleotide complex of the reference template corresponds to the sequence of interest,wherein production of detectably fewer amplification products from the polynucleotide complex from the target RNA as compared to the amount of amplification products from the polynucleotide complex of the reference template indicates that the sequence of interest is absent from the target RNA and the target RNA may comprise a sequence variant with respect to the reference sequence hybridizable to the RNA portion of the composite primer. - View Dependent Claims (103)
- single stranded region corresponding to the sequence of interest, wherein the RNA portion of the composite amplification primer is known to hybridize to a reference sequence comprising the sequence of interest, and wherein the polynucleotide complex is generated by a method comprising;
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263. A kit for amplifying a target RNA, comprising a first composite primer and a second composite primer, wherein the first composite primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
- DNA portion, wherein the second composite primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, and wherein the second composite primer comprises a sequence that is hybridizable to a polynucleotide comprising a complement of the first composite primer. - View Dependent Claims (264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 325, 326, 330, 337, 338)
- DNA portion, wherein the second composite primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
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289. A method for generating multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to an RNA sequence, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) synthesizing a polynucleotide strand by extending a first primer hybridized to a target RNA, wherein the first primer is a composite primer comprising an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion, and whereby a complex comprising the first polynucleotide strand and the target RNA is produced;
(b) synthesizing a second polynucleotide strand complementary to the first polynucleotide strand, whereby the second polynucleotide strand forms a complex with the first polynucleotide strand;
(c) cleaving RNA from the first composite primer in the complex of first polynucleotide strand and the second polynucleotide strand such that a composite amplification primer hybridizes to the second polynucleotide strand, wherein the composite amplification primer comprises an RNA portion and a 3′
DNA portion;
(d) extending the composite amplification primer hybridized to the second polynucleotide strand, such that said first polynucleotide strand is displaced, RNA is cleaved from the composite amplification primer and another composite amplification primer hybridizes such that primer extension and strand displacement are repeated, whereby multiple copies of a polynucleotide sequence complementary to the target RNA are generated. - View Dependent Claims (290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 323, 324, 329, 331, 332, 336)
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Specification