Wireless remote sensor

• US 6,948,388 B1
• Filed: 12/18/2003
• Issued: 09/27/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The Government Of The United States As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Clayton, Stanley R., Roser, Mark R., Russell, Stephen D., Waters, Richard L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron
• Assistant Examiner(s): Miller, Rose M.
• Application Number:
  US10/739,751
• Time in Patent Office: 649 Days
• Field of Search: 73/232.1, 73/233.4, 73/310.6, 735/79, 738/626.8, 734/321, 73D/IG.4, 422/90, 324/451, 324/207.21, 324/236, 324/252, 324/609, 324/664, 324/665, 324/71.5, 340/632, 340/633, 340/634, 340/618, 340/620, 331/57, 331/65, 331/74, 257/252, 257/253
• US Class Current: 73/862.68
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 1/024 for remote indication
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/4148 Integrated circuits therefor, e.g. fabricated by CMOS processing CMOS processing per se H01L21/82

Abstract

A sensing system includes a ring oscillator that emits electromagnetic radiation at a characteristic frequency. The ring oscillator comprises an odd number plurality of inverters that are electrically connected in series. The sensing system also comprises a temperature stabilized voltage source that is used to supply voltage to the inverters of the ring oscillator. A sensing load for sensing a change in a preselected environmental condition is operably connected to the ring oscillator. When the load senses the preselected environmental condition, the sensing load alters the characteristic frequency of the ring oscillator and hence the electromagnetic radiation as emitted by the ring oscillator. A pick-up antenna receives the electromagnetic radiation as emitted by the ring oscillator and detection electronics, operably coupled to the pick-up antenna, measure the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation as received by the pick-up antenna.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a ring oscillator that emits electromagnetic radiation at a characteristic frequency, wherein said ring oscillator comprises an odd number plurality of inverters electrically connected in series;

a temperature stabilized voltage source for supplying voltage to said inverters of said ring oscillator; and

a sensing load for sensing a change in a preselected environmental condition, said sensing load operably connected to said ring oscillator so that when said preselected environmental condition is sensed by said sensing load, said sensing load alters said characteristic frequency of said ring oscillator and thereby alters said electromagnetic radiation emitted by said ring oscillator.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 further including:

a pick-up antenna for receiving said electromagnetic radiation as emitted by said ring oscillator; and

detection electronics operably coupled to said pick-up antenna for measuring the frequency of said electromagnetic radiation as received by said pick-up antenna.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sensing load is selected from the following group of sensing loads:

chemical sensors, biological agent sensors, nuclear sensors, radiological sensors, humidity sensors, liquid sensors, aerosol sensors, electromagnetic sensors, pressure sensors, and acceleration sensors.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said sensing load is selected from the following group of sensing loads:

charge-sensing field-effect transistor (FET);

ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETS);

chemical-sensitive field effect transistors (CHEMFETS);

photodiode;

phototransistor;

micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) chemical sensors;

capacitive MEMS structures;

MEMS adsorbate sensors;

magnetic field-effect transistors (MAGFET);

magnetic MEMS structures;

MEMS accelerometers;

MEMS optical sensors; and

MEMS biological agent sensors.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said ring oscillator, said temperature stabilized voltage source and said sensing load are microelectronic elements.

6. A sensor apparatus comprising:

a ring oscillator having a characteristic gate delay and a characteristic frequency and that emits electromagnetic radiation at said characteristic frequency, wherein said ring oscillator comprises an odd number plurality of inverters electrically connected in series;

a temperature stabilized voltage source for supplying voltage to said inverters of said ring oscillator; and

a sensing load for sensing a change in a preselected environmental condition, said sensing load operably connected between an output of a last inverter in said odd number plurality of series connected inverters and an input of a first inverter of said odd number plurality of series connected inverters so that when said preselected environmental condition is sensed by said sensing load, said sensing load alters said gate delay and thereby alters said characteristic frequency of said ring oscillator, thereby altering said electromagnetic radiation emitted by said ring oscillator.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 further including:

a pick-up antenna for receiving said electromagnetic radiation as emitted by said ring oscillator; and

detection electronics operably coupled to said pick-up antenna for measuring the frequency of said electromagnetic radiation as received by said pick-up antenna.

8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said sensing load is selected from the following group of sensing loads:

chemical sensors, biological agent sensors, nuclear sensors, radiological sensors, humidity sensors, liquid sensors, aerosol sensors, electromagnetic sensors, pressure sensors, and acceleration sensors.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said sensing load is selected from the following group of sensing loads:

charge-sensing field-effect transistor (FET);

ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETS);

chemical-sensitive field effect transistors (CHEMFETS);

photodiode;

phototransistor;

micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) chemical sensors;

capacitive MEMS structures;

MEMS adsorbate sensors;

magnetic field-effect transistors (MAGFET);

magnetic MEMS structures;

MEMS accelerometers;

MEMS optical sensors; and

MEMS biological agent sensors.

10. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said ring oscillator, said temperature stabilized voltage source and said sensing load are microelectronic elements.

11. A method of detecting a change in an environmental condition comprising:

providing a ring oscillator having a characteristic gate delay and a characteristic frequency wherein said ring oscillator comprises an odd number plurality of inverters electrically connected in series;

providing a temperature stabilized voltage source for supplying voltage to said inverters of said ring oscillator;

providing a sensing load for sensing a change in a preselected environmental condition, said sensing load operably connected between an output of a last inverter in said odd number plurality of series connected inverters and an input of a first inverter of said odd number plurality of series connected inverters, so that when said preselected environmental condition is sensed by said sensing load, said sensing load alters said gate delay and thereby alters said characteristic frequency of said ring oscillator; and

emitting electromagnetic radiation from said ring oscillator at said characteristic frequency when said preselected environmental condition has not been sensed and emitting electromagnetic radiation from said ring oscillator at a frequency that is altered from said characteristic frequency when said preselected environmental condition is sensed.

12. A method of claim 11 further including:

providing a pick-up antenna for receiving said electromagnetic radiation as emitted by said ring oscillator; and

providing detection electronics operably coupled to said pick-up antenna for measuring the frequency of said electromagnetic radiation as emitted by said ring oscillator and as received by said pick-up antenna.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein said sensing load is selected from the following group of sensing loads:

chemical sensors, biological agent sensors, nuclear sensors, radiological sensors, humidity sensors, liquid sensors, aerosol sensors, electromagnetic sensors, pressure sensors, and acceleration sensors.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said sensing load is selected from the following group of sensing loads:

charge-sensing field-effect transistor (FET);

ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETS);

chemical-sensitive field effect transistors (CHEMFETS);

photodiode;

phototransistor;

micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) chemical sensors;

capacitive MEMS structures;

MEMS adsorbate sensors;

magnetic field-effect transistors (MAGFET);

magnetic MEMS structures;

MEMS accelerometers;

MEMS optical sensors; and

MEMS biological agent sensors.