Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same
First Claim
1. An electrochromic display comprising an electrochromically-active layer comprising a nano-porous-nano-crystalline film comprising a semiconducting metal oxide having an electroactive compound which is either a p-type or n-type redox promoter or p-type or n-type redox chromophore adsorbed thereon or otherwise attached thereto, the display having a solid charge transport layer disposed adjacent said film and in charge transport relationship therewith, the electrochromic display having a plurality of pixels and the charge transport layer being interrupted between adjacent pixels.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The invention relates to electro-optic displays and methods for driving such displays. The invention provides (i) electrochromic displays with solid charge transport layers; (ii) apparatus and methods for improving the contrast and reducing the cost of electrochromic displays; (iii) apparatus and methods for sealing electrochromic displays from the outside environment and preventing ingress of contaminants into such a display; and (iv) methods for adjusting the driving of electro-optic displays to allow for environmental and operating parameters.
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Citations
25 Claims
- 1. An electrochromic display comprising an electrochromically-active layer comprising a nano-porous-nano-crystalline film comprising a semiconducting metal oxide having an electroactive compound which is either a p-type or n-type redox promoter or p-type or n-type redox chromophore adsorbed thereon or otherwise attached thereto, the display having a solid charge transport layer disposed adjacent said film and in charge transport relationship therewith, the electrochromic display having a plurality of pixels and the charge transport layer being interrupted between adjacent pixels.
- 9. An electrochromic display comprising a nano-porous-nano-crystalline film comprising a semiconducting metal oxide having an electroactive compound which is either a p-type or n-type or p-type redox promoter or p-type or n-type redox chromophore adsorbed thereon or otherwise attached thereto, the display having a charge transport material chemically bonded to the promoter or chromophore.
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14. An electrochromic display comprising an electrolyte and an electrochromically-active layer comprising a nano-porous-nano-crystalline film comprising a semiconducting metal oxide having an electroactive compound which is either a p-type or n-type redox promoter or p-type or n-type redox chromophore adsorbed thereon or otherwise attached thereto, the electrolyte having a light scattering or reflective material, or both, dispersed therein the light scattering or reflective material, or both, bearing a coating of a polymer.
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15. An electrochromic display comprising an electrochromically-active layer comprising a nano-porous-nano-crystalline film comprising a semiconducting metal oxide having an electroactive compound which is either a p-type or n-type redox promoter or p-type or n-type redox chromophore adsorbed thereon or otherwise attached thereto, the film having a plurality of optical gaps having a diameter of from about 0.2 to about 0.4 μ
- m formed therein.
- View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. An electrochormic display comprising an electrochromically-active layer comprising a nano-poro-nano-crystalline film comprising a semiconducting metal oxide having an electroactive compound which is either a p-type or n-type redox promoter or p-type or n-type redox chromophore adsorbed thereon or otherwise attached thereto, the display having at least one of:
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(a) electrostatic discharge prevention means for protecting against electrostatic discharge that would degrade the electrolyte or damage the electrochromically-active layer, or both, of the display;
(b) means to isolate at least one pixel of a plurality of pixels in the display from unwanted fields; and
(c) electrode surfaces on opposed sides of the electrochromically-active layer and means to control the distance between the electrode surfaces of the display to minimize or eliminate high fields, thus removing or reducing the tendency of such high fields to degrade the electrolyte or the electrochromically-active layer, or both, of the display. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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Specification