Wave shaping for an implantable medical device

• US 6,950,706 B2
• Filed: 04/26/2002
• Issued: 09/27/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 04/26/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Torgerson, Nathan A., Jensen, Steven L., Stein, Marc, Rodriguez, John Delfin
• Primary Examiner(s): Getzow, Scott M.
• Application Number:
  US10/133,513
• Publication Number:
  US 20030204221A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,250 Days
• Field of Search: 607 1- 76
• US Class Current: 607/46
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36071 Pain

Abstract

In the embodiment of the invention, apparatus and method provide flexibility in generating a stimulation waveform (that comprises at least a stimulation pulse) to an electrode of an Implantable Neuro Stimulator (INS). The waveform is synthesized for each rate period interval. A portion of the rate period interval is identified, in which the portion comprises at least one phase. During each phase, the stimulation waveform is synthesized by a waveform controller and a waveform generator. The waveform controller utilizes waveform parameters, e.g. the initial value, final value, and step time duration, to form a digital signal to the waveform generator. The waveform generator utilizes the digital signal to form the synthesized waveform.

Claims

1. An apparatus for generating a neurological stimulation waveform with an implantable medical device, comprising in combination:

a waveform generator; and

a waveform controller coupled to the waveform generator, the waveform controller configured to perform the steps of;

(a) identifying a portion of a rate period interval corresponding to a stimulation pulse;

(b) partitioning the portion into a plurality of phases; and

(c) approximating the neurological stimulation waveform during a first one of the phases in accordance with at least one parameter.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein step (c) comprises the steps of:

(i) receiving the at least one parameter;

(ii) determining a digital signal from which the neurological stimulation waveform is approximated; and

(iii) outputting the digital signal to the waveform generator.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein step (ii) comprises the steps of:

(1) determining an approximate value of the neurological stimulation waveform; and

(2) subtracting the approximate value from an approximate constant value.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein step (c) comprises the step of:

(i) changing an electrode configuration corresponding to the neurological stimulation waveform.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveform generator comprises:

a regulator module; and

a digital to analog converter (DAC) coupled to the regulator module, wherein an output of the DAC determines a voltage drop across the regulator module.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the waveform generator further comprises:

a capacitor arrangement, the capacitor arrangement providing an input voltage to the regulator module.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein step (c) utilizes a start value, a final value, a time duration of the first phase, and a step time duration.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein step (c) comprises the steps of:

(i) determining an incremental value from the start value, the final value, the time duration of the first phase, and the step time duration; and

(ii) adding the incremental value to a present approximation of the neurological stimulation waveform.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an amplitude of the neurological stimulation waveform is a voltage amplitude.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an amplitude of the neurological stimulation waveform is a current amplitude.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveform controller is configured to perform the further step of:

(d) activating a wave shaping capability.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveform controller is configured to perform the further step of:

(d) de-activating a wave shaping capability.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveform controller is configured to perform the further step of:

(d) repeating steps (a)-(c) for a second phase of the portion.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveform controller is configured to perform the further step of:

(d) skipping wave shaping during a second phase of the portion of the rate period interval.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the waveform controller is configured to perform the further step of:

(e) performing wave shaping during a third phase of the portion of the rate period interval.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first phase is associated with an increasing amplitude, the second phase is associated with an approximately constant amplitude, and the third phase is associated with a decreasing amplitude.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveform controller is further configured to repeat step (c) during another one of the phases.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the waveform controller is further configured to change at least one characteristic of the neurological stimulation waveform for the another one of the phases.

19. A method for generating a neurological stimulation waveform with an implantable medical device, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) identifying a portion of a rate period interval corresponding to a stimulation pulse;

(b) partitioning the portion into a plurality of phases; and

(c) approximating the neurological stimulation waveform during a first one of the phases in accordance with at least one parameter, the portion of the rate period interval comprising the plurality of phases.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein step (c) comprises the steps of:

(i) receiving the at least one parameter;

(ii) determining a digital signal from which the neurological stimulation waveform is approximated; and

(iii) outputting the digital signal to a waveform generator.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein step (ii) comprises the steps of:

(1) determining an approximate value of the neurological stimulation waveform; and

(2) subtracting the approximate value from an approximate constant value.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein step (c) comprises the steps of:

(i) determining an incremental value from a start value, a final value, a time duration of the first phase, and a step time duration; and

(ii) adding the incremental value to a present approximation of the neurological stimulation waveform.

23. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of:

(d) performing wave shaping of the stimulation waveform during a second phase of the portion of the rate period interval.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising the step of:

(e) skipping performing wave shaping during a third phase of the portion of the rate period interval between the first phase and the second phase.

25. The method of claim 19, further comprising repeating step (c) during another one of the phases.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising changing at least one characteristic of the neurological stimulation waveform for the another one of the phases.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein an amplitude of the neurological stimulation waveform during the first phase has an amplitude characteristic selected from the group consisting of an amplitude rise, an amplitude fall, and a constant amplitude.

28. The method of claim 19, wherein one of the at least one parameter has an attribute that is selected from the group consisting of a waveform characteristic and an electrode configuration.

29. A computer-readable medium containing instructions for controlling a computer system to generate a neurological stimulation waveform with an implantable medical device, the instructions performing the steps of:

(a) identifying a portion of a rate period interval corresponding to a stimulation pulse;

(b) partitioning the portion into a plurality of phases; and

(c) approximating the neurological stimulation waveform during a first one of the phases in accordance with at least one parameter.

30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein step (c) comprises the steps of:

(i) receiving the at least one parameter;

(ii) determining a digital signal from which the neurological stimulation waveform is approximated; and

(iii) outputting the digital signal to a waveform generator.

31. The computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein step (ii) comprises the steps of:

(1) determining an approximate value of the neurological stimulation waveform; and

(2) subtracting the approximate value from an approximate constant value.

32. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein step (c) comprises the steps of:

(i) determining an incremental value from a start value, a final value, a time duration of the phase, and a step time duration; and

(ii) adding the incremental value to a present approximation of the neurological stimulation waveform.

33. An apparatus for generating a neurological stimulation waveform with an implantable medical device, comprising in combination:

a waveform generator, the waveform generator comprising a regulator module and a digital to analog converter (DAC); and

a waveform controller coupled to the waveform generator, the waveform controller configured to perform the steps of;

(a) identifying a portion of a rate period interval;

(b) partitioning the portion into a plurality of phases;

(c) determining an approximate value of the neurological stimulation waveform during a phase;

(d) subtracting the approximate value from a constant value in order to obtain a digital signal, the constant value approximately equal to an input voltage to the regulator module;

(e) applying the digital signal to the DAC in order to develop a desired voltage drop across the regulator module; and

(f) repeating steps (c)-(e) for each step interval of the phase.

34. An implantable medical device, comprising in combination:

a telemetry module;

a processor that communicates with a programmer through the telemetry module in order to configure the implantable medical device;

a therapy module that provides a neurological stimulation waveform to a patient and receives configuration information and commands about a therapeutical treatment from the processor, the therapy module comprising;

a waveform generator; and

a waveform controller coupled to the waveform generator, the waveform controller configured to perform the steps of;

(a) identifying a portion of a rate period interval;

(b) partitioning the portion into a plurality of phases;

(c) determining an approximate value of the neurological stimulation waveform during a phase;

(d) subtracting the approximate value from a constant value in order to obtain a digital signal, the constant value approximately equal to an input voltage to a regulator module; and

(e) applying the digital signal to the DAC in order to develop a desired voltage drop across the regulator module; and

a power module that provides electrical power to the telemetry module, the processor, and the therapy module.

35. A method comprising:

partitioning a neurological stimulation pulse into a plurality of phases;

defining different waveforms for at least some of the phases; and

generating the neurological stimulation pulse based on the defined waveforms.

36. The method of claim 35, further comprising applying the neurological stimulation pulse to a stimulation interface comprising at least one electrode.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein at least one of the waveforms represents a rise in amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over the respective phase.

38. The method of claim 35, wherein at least one of the waveforms represents a fall in amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over the respective phase.

39. The method of claim 35, wherein at least one of the waveforms represents a constant amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over the respective phase.

40. The method of claim 35, wherein at least one of the waveforms represents a rise in amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over the respective phase, and at least another of the waveforms represents a fall in amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over another respective phase.

41. The method of claim 35, further comprising defining the waveform for a respective phase based on a starting amplitude, a final amplitude, a phase time, and an amplitude unit step specifying a transition from the starting amplitude to the final amplitude during the phase time.

42. An implantable neurological stimulation device comprising:

a stimulation pulse generator to generate a stimulation pulse;

a stimulation interface, comprising at least one electrode, to apply the stimulation pulse; and

a stimulation pulse waveform controller that partitions a neurological stimulation pulse into a plurality of phases, defines different waveforms for at least some of the phases, and controls the stimulation pulse generator to generate the neurological stimulation pulse based on the defined waveforms.

43. The device of claim 42, wherein at least one of the waveforms represents a rise in amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over the respective phase.

44. The device of claim 42, wherein at least one of the waveforms represents a fall in amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over the respective phase.

45. The device of claim 42, wherein at least one of the waveforms represents a constant amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over the respective phase.

46. The device of claim 42, wherein at least one of the waveforms represents a rise in amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over the respective phase, and at least another of the waveforms represents a fall in amplitude of the neurological stimulation pulse over another respective phase.

47. The device of claim 42, wherein the stimulation pulse waveform controller defines the waveform for a respective phase based on a starting amplitude, a final amplitude, a phase time, and an amplitude unit step specifying a transition from the starting amplitude to the final amplitude during the phase time.

48. An apparatus for generating a neurological stimulation waveform with an implantable medical device, comprising in combination:

an interface module that is coupled to at least one electrode of the implantable medical device; and

a waveform synthesizer that identifies a portion of a rate period interval corresponding to a neurological stimulation pulse, partitions the portion into a plurality of phases, approximates a neurological stimulation waveform during a first phase in accordance with at least one parameter, and applies the neurological stimulation waveform to the at least one electrode through the interface module.

49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the synthesizer approximates the neurological stimulation waveform during a second phase, wherein the waveform during the second phase is different from the waveform in the second phase.

50. A waveform synthesizer for generating a neurological stimulation pulse, comprising in combination:

a first component that identifies a portion of a rate period interval corresponding to a neurological stimulation pulse, and partitions the portion into a plurality of phases; and

a second component that approximates a neurological stimulation waveform during a first phase in accordance with at least one parameter.

51. The synthesizer of claim 50, wherein the second component approximates the neurological stimulation waveform during a second phase, wherein waveform during the second phase is different from the waveform in the second phase.