Reflectometer

• US 6,952,263 B2
• Filed: 06/02/2003
• Issued: 10/04/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Jack L. Aronowitz
• Original Assignee: Jack L. Aronowitz
• Inventors: Weiss, John, Weitman, Irwin
• Primary Examiner(s): EVANS, FANNIE L
• Application Number:
  US10/453,374
• Publication Number:
  US 20030214655A1
• Time in Patent Office: 855 Days
• Field of Search: 356/402, 356/405, 356/406, 356/407, 356/425, 250/226
• US Class Current: 356/425
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/255 Details, e.g. use of specially adapted sources, lighting or optical systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/274 Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/4738 Diffuse reflection precedence is given to G01N21/55 - G01N21/57 if specular component is taken into consideration, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/8483 Investigating reagent band test-element handling not specific to a test method G01N33/4875; analytical elements specific to chemical analysis of biological material G01N33/52; autometer with reagent band G01N35/04

Abstract

The present invention comprises reflectometer for detecting and measuring subtle changes in color and shade of color. In general, a pulsating light source illuminates a target surface which possesses a certain color and shade of color. An optical detection circuit synchronously detects light that is reflected from the target surface and generates an output signal whose voltage is indicative of the color and shade of the target surface. This voltage is then processed to make an evaluation and identification of any measurable quantity or quality that is represented by the detected color or shade of color.

Claims

1. A reflectometer, comprising:

a light source for emitting light to illuminate a target surface which possesses a certain color and shade of color;

an optical detector circuit for detecting light that is reflected form the target surface and generating a substantially steady DC output voltage that is indicative of the color or shade of color at the target surface;

a stored look-up table or mathematical formula correlating steady DC voltage values to corresponding quantity or quality measurements for each one of a plurality of different tests; and

a processor for consulting the stored look-up table or mathematical formula for a certain test being performed, and converting the steady DC voltage indicative of the color or shade of color at the target surface into a corresponding quantity or quality measurement in accordance with that certain test.

2. The reflectometer, according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a modulated light source and wherein the optical detector circuit comprises:

an optical detector for detecting light that is reflected from the target surface and generating a first output indicative of detected light;

means for processing the first output to generate a feedback signal for application to the optical detector to compensate for any shift in the first output resulting from the detection of ambient light by the optical detector, and differentially amplify the first output to generate a second output; and

a detector for synchronously demodulating the second output to generate the substantially steady DC output voltage that is indicative of the color or shade of color at the target surface.

3. The reflectometer, according to claim 2, wherein the optical detector comprises:

a photo transistor for receiving and detecting light that is reflected from the target surface and generating a first differential signal;

a transistor for setting the quiescent operating point and generating a second differential signal; and

means for connecting the photo transistor and transistor at a common emitter connection in a differential configuration.

4. The reflectometer, according to claim 2, wherein the detector for synchronously demodulating comprises a full wave synchronous detector producing a DC voltage proportional to the peak to peak voltage of the second output signal.

5. The reflectometer, according to claim 1, further including means for calibrating the reflectometer to each stored look-up table or mathematical formula for each one of the plurality of different tests.

6. A reflectometer, comprising:

a light source for emitting light to illuminate a target surface which possesses a certain color and shade of color;

an optical detector circuit for detecting light that is reflected from the target surface and generating a substantially steady DC output voltage that is indicative of the color or shade of color at the target surface;

a stored look-up table or mathematical formula correlating steady DC voltage values to corresponding quantity or quality measurements;

means for calibrating the reflectometer to determine an offset for application to read DC output voltages corresponding to a certain color or shade of color; and

a processor for the determined offset to adjust the steady DC voltage indicative of the color or shade of color table or mathematical formula and converting the adjusted steady DC voltage into a corresponding quantity or quality measurement.

7. The reflectometer, according to claim 6, wherein the means for calibrating comprises means for determining an offset for application to read DC output voltages at end points each corresponding to a certain color or shade of color.

8. The reflectometer, according to claim 6, wherein the processor further interpolates the offset for application to read DC output voltages not corresponding to the certain color or shade of color.