Attachment of second harmonic-active moiety to molecules for detection of molecules at interfaces
First Claim
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1. A method for detecting a molecule which is labeled with a second harmonic-active label at an interface, which comprises:
- (a) contacting the labeled molecule with the interface such that the label has a net orientation at the interface;
(b) detecting light emitted from the interface using a surface selective technique so as to detect the labeled molecule in contact with the interface, wherein an unlabeled molecule at the interface is undetectable using the surface selective technique, and wherein the second harmonic-active label is hyperpolarizable.
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Abstract
This invention provides methods of detecting molecules at an interface, which comprise labeling the molecules with a second harmonic-active moiety and detecting the labeled molecules at the interface using a surface selective technique. The invention also provides methods for detecting a molecule in a medium and for determining the orientation of a molecular species within a planar surface using a second harmonic-active moiety and a surface selective technique.
27 Citations
34 Claims
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1. A method for detecting a molecule which is labeled with a second harmonic-active label at an interface, which comprises:
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(a) contacting the labeled molecule with the interface such that the label has a net orientation at the interface;
(b) detecting light emitted from the interface using a surface selective technique so as to detect the labeled molecule in contact with the interface, wherein an unlabeled molecule at the interface is undetectable using the surface selective technique, and wherein the second harmonic-active label is hyperpolarizable. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 34)
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21. A method for detecting a molecule in a medium, which comprises:
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(a) labeling a surface with a first molecule which is labeled with a second harmonic-active label, which is hyperpolarizable and at an interface wherein the first molecule specifically interacts with a second molecule to be detected, (b) contacting the surface with a medium comprising the second molecule, thereby creating an interface at the surface such that the label has a net orientation at the interface. (c) detecting the first molecule at the interface by measuring a signal generated by the second harmonic-active label using a surface selective technique, wherein an unlabeled molecule at the interface is undetectable using the surface selective technique, and (d) detecting a change in the signal when the second molecule interacts with the first molecule, thereby detecting the second molecule in the medium. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32)
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30. A method for detecting an interaction between a first molecule which is labeled with a second harmonic-active label and a second molecule, which comprises:
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(a) contacting the first molecule at an interface with a medium comprising the second molecule such that the label has a net orientation at the interface wherein the first molecule specifically interacts with the second molecule; and
(b) detecting an interaction between the first molecule and the second molecule at the interface by measuring a signal generated by the second harmonic-active label using a surface selective technique, wherein an unlabeled molecule at the interface is undetectable using the surface selective technique, and wherein the second harmonic-active label is hyperpolarizable. - View Dependent Claims (31, 33)
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Specification