Conformal retro-modulator optical devices

• US 6,954,302 B2
• Filed: 10/20/2003
• Issued: 10/11/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Original Assignee: HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Inventors: Sayyah, Keyvan, Brewer, Peter D., Pepper, David M., Au, Anson
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia
• Assistant Examiner(s): HASAN, MOHAMMED A
• Application Number:
  US10/690,486
• Publication Number:
  US 20040130769A1
• Time in Patent Office: 722 Days
• Field of Search: 359/291, 359/292, 359/295, 359/298, 359/316, 359/318, 359/320, 359/237, 359/248, 359/319, 359/32, 257/431
• US Class Current: 359/291
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/74 Systems using reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. IFF, i.e. identification of friend or foe
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/12 Reflex reflectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/6835 using temporarily an auxiliary support
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2221/6835 used as a support during build up manufacturing of active devices
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/24051 Conformal with the semiconductor or solid-state device
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/24226 the HDI interconnect connecting to the same level of the item at which the semiconductor or solid-state body is mounted, e.g. the item being planar
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/18 High density interconnect [HDI] connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto interconnection structure between a plurality of semiconductor chips H01L23/5389
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/82 by forming build-up interconnects at chip-level, e.g. for high density interconnects [HDI] interconnection structure between a plurality of semiconductor chips H01L23/5389
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/96 the devices being encapsulated in a common layer, e.g. neo-wafer or pseudo-wafer, said common layer being separable into individual assemblies after connecting
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/14647 Multicolour imagers having a stacked pixel-element structure, e.g. npn, npnpn or MQW elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01078 Platinum [Pt]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/12042 LASER
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/12043 Photo diode
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/1461 MEMS
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/30105 Capacitance
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/3511 Warping
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/112 Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/2587 using a single light source for multiple stations

Abstract

A conformal retro-modulator optical apparatus. The apparatus includes an array of multiple quantum well devices disposed in a thin array. A plastic support element is bonded to the thin array, the plastic support element having a thickness greater that of the thin array. The plastic support element is preferably plastic at elevated temperatures above room temperature, thereby allowing the plastic support element and the thin array of multiple well device disposed therein to conform to a predetermined shape, yet being rigid at room temperature.

Claims

1. An optical apparatus comprising:

a two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels embedded in a flexible or deformable body, the modulator and/or detector pixels responding to applied electrical signals to modulate and reflect light impinging the modulator and/or detector pixels; and

an optical arrangement for directing an incoming optical beam onto a selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array and for returning light which is modulated and reflected by said pixels to an optical transmitter from which the incoming beam was directed to the optical arrangement.

2. The optical apparatus of claim 1 further including electronic equipment for sensing when light impinges on said pixels and for supplying data signals to said pixels to cause said pixels to reflect the impinging light in accordance with the data signals applied thereto.

3. The optical apparatus of claim 2 and an associated electrical matrix for connecting the modulator and/or detector pixels in said array to the electronic equipment.

4. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein the array of modulator and/or detector pixels is an array of Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Multiple Quantum Well devices.

5. The optical apparatus of claim 4 wherein the optical arrangement is a lens which focusses the incoming beam onto said selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array.

6. The optical apparatus of claim 5 wherein the flexible or deformable body is a thermosetting material.

7. The optical apparatus of claim 6 wherein the flexible or deformable body is disposed in a hemispherical configuration.

8. The optical apparatus of claim 7 wherein the pixels in the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels embedded in the flexible or deformable body each has a light receptive surface which faces a concave side of said hemispherical configuration.

9. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein the flexible or deformable body has a sheet-like polymer support element in which the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels are embedded.

10. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plastic support element is relatively plastic at temperatures above room temperature, thereby allowing the plastic support element and the array of modulator and/or detector pixels embedded therein to conform to a predetermined shape, while being relatively rigid at room temperature.

11. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein each modulator pixel comprises a plurality of AFP MQW device.

12. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein each modulator pixel comprises at least one AFP MQW device and at least one optically activated switch connected in series with the at least one AFP MQW device.

13. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein each modulator pixel comprises at least one AFP MQW device and two optically activated switches connected in series with the at least one AFP MQW device.

14. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein the modulator and/or detector pixels are arranged in an array separated by pixel addressing electrodes arranged in a matrix, each modulator pixel having a pair of contacts for connection to separate adjacent addressing electrodes.

15. A passive optical repeater comprising:

a two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels'"'"'disposed in a predetermined configuration, the modulator and/or detector pixels responding to applied electrical signals to modulate and reflect light impinging the modulator and/or detector pixels;

an optical arrangement for directing a first incoming optical beam from a first optical transmitter onto a first selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array and for directing a second incoming optical beam from a second optical transmitter onto a second selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array, the first incoming optical beam being modulated with data; and

an electronic apparatus for detecting the data on the first incoming optical beam and for modulating the second incoming beam at said second selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array using said data;

wherein the second incoming beam is reflected at said second selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels via the optical arrangement back to said second optical transmitter.

16. The passive optical repeater of claim 15 vherein the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels is disposed in a hemispherical configuration.

17. The passive optical repeater of claim 16 wherein the pixels in the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels each has a light receptive surface which faces a concave side of said hemispherical configuration.

18. The passive optical repeater of claim 15 wherein the electronic apparatus includes a back plane switch arrangement and a processor.

19. The passive optical repeater of claim 15 wherein the electronic apparatus includes a cache memory for temporarily storing received data from one source, the electronic apparatus modulating a beam from another source with the data stored in the cache.

20. An optical relay apparatus comprising:

a two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels disposed in a predetermined configuration, the modulator and/or detector pixels responding to applied electrical signals to modulate and reflect light impinging the modulator and/or detector pixels;

an optical arrangement for directing a first incoming optical beam from a first optical transmitter onto a first selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array and for directing a second incoming optical beam from a second optical transmitter onto a second selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array, the first incoming optical beam being modulated with data; and

an electronic apparatus for storing the data on the first incoming optical beam in memory and for modulating the second incoming beam at said second selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array using said data stored in said memory;

wherein the second incoming beam is reflected at said second selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels via the optical arrangement back to said second optical transmitter.

21. The optical relay apparatus of claim 20 wherein the data on the first incoming optical beam is stored in memory and thereafter the second incoming beam is reflected at said second selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels via the optical arrangement back to said second optical transmitter modulated according to the data on the first incoming optical beam stored in memory.

22. The optical relay apparatus of claim 20 wherein the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels are disposed in a hemispherical arrangement and wherein each of said pixels has a light receptive surface which faces a concave side of the hemispherical arrangement thereof.

23. An optical apparatus comprising:

a two-dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels arranged in a hemispherical configuration, the modulator and/or detector pixels responding to applied electrical signals to modulate and reflect light impinging the modulator and/or detector pixels; and

an optical arrangement for directing an incoming optical beam onto a selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array and for returning light which is modulated and reflected by said pixels to an optical transmitter from which the incoming beam was directed to the optical arrangement.

24. The optical apparatus of claim 23 further including electronic equipment for sensing when light impinges on said pixels and for supplying data signals to said pixels to cause said pixels to reflect the impinging light in accordance with the data signals applied thereto.

25. The optical apparatus of claim 24 and an associated electrical matrix for connecting the modulator and/or detector pixels in said array to the electronic equipment.

26. The optical apparatus of claim 23 wherein the array of modulator and/or detector pixels is an array of Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Multiple Quantum Well devices.

27. The optical apparatus of claim 26 wherein the optical arrangement is a lens which focusses the incoming beam onto said selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array.

28. The optical apparatus of claim 23 wherein the hemispherical configuration is defined by a flexible or deformable body.

29. The optical apparatus of claim 28 wherein the flexible or deformable body is a plastic.

30. The optical apparatus of claim 29 wherein the flexible or deformable body is a polymer.

31. The optical apparatus of claim 28 wherein the flexible or deformable body has a sheet-like polymer support element in which the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels are embedded.

32. The optical apparatus of claim 28 wherein the flexible or deformable body is relatively plastic at temperatures above room temperature, thereby allowing the flexible or deformable body and the array of modulator and/or detector pixels embedded therein to conform to said hemispherical configuration, while being relatively rigid at room temperature.

33. The optical apparatus of claim 23 wherein each modulator pixel comprises a plurality of AFP MQW devices.

34. The optical apparatus of claim 23 wherein each modulator pixel comprises at least one AFP MQW device and at least one optically activated switch connected in series with the at least one AFP MQW device.

35. The optical apparatus of claim 23 wherein each modulator pixel comprises at least one AFP MQW device and two optically activated switches connected in series with the at least one AFP MQW device.

36. The optical apparatus of claim 23 wherein the modulator and/or detector pixels are arranged in an array separated by pixel addressing electrodes arranged in a matrix, each modulator pixel having a pair of contacts for connection to separate adjacent addressing electrodes.

37. The optical apparatus of claim 23 wherein the pixels in the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels each has a light receptive surface which faces a concave side of said hemispherical configuration.

38. An optical apparatus comprising:

a two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels embedded in a plurality of sub-wafers cooperatively arranged in a geometric shape, the modulator and/or detector pixels responding to applied electrical signals to modulate and reflect light impinging the modulator and/or detector pixels; and

an optical arrangement for directing an incoming optical beam onto a selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array and for returning light which is modulated and reflected by said pixels to an optical transmitter from which the incoming beam was directed to the optical arrangement.

39. The optical apparatus of claim 38 further including electronic equipment for sensing when light impinges on said pixels and for supplying data signals to said pixels to cause said pixels to reflect the impinging light in accordance with the data signals applied thereto.

40. The optical apparatus of claim 39 and an associated electrical matrix for connecting the modulator and/or detector pixels in said array to the electronic equipment.

41. The optical apparatus of claim 38 wherein the array of modulator and/or detector pixels is an array of Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Multiple Quantum Well devices.

42. The optical apparatus of claim 41 wherein the optical arrangement is a lens which focusses the incoming beam onto said selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array.

43. The optical apparatus of claim 42 wherein the sub-wafers each have a generally flat polygonal configuration.

44. The optical apparatus of claim 43 wherein the geometric shape is a hemispherical, geodesic configuration.

45. The optical apparatus of claim 44 wherein the pixels in the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels each has a light receptive surface which faces a concave side of said hemispherical, geodesic configuration.

46. The optical apparatus of claim 38 wherein the sub-wafers are a sheet-like plastic support element having a thickness at least 20 times that of an individual modulator pixel.

47. The optical apparatus of claim 38 wherein the sub-wafers are triangularly shaped.

48. The optical apparatus of claim 38 wherein each modulator pixel comprises a plurality of AFP MQW devices.

49. The optical apparatus of claim 38 wherein each modulator pixel comprises at least one AFP MQW device and at least one optically activated switch connected in series with the at least one AFP MQW device.

50. The optical apparatus of claim 38 wherein each modulator pixel comprises at least one AFP MQW device and two optically activated switches connected in series with the at least one AFP MQW device.

51. The optical apparatus of claim 38 wherein the modulator and/or detector pixels are arranged in an array separated by pixel addressing electrodes arranged in a matrix, each modulator pixel having a pair of contacts for connection to separate adjacent addressing electrodes.

52. An optical apparatus comprising:

(a) a two dimensional array of individually addressable modulator and/or detector pixels arranged in a geometric shape,

(b) an optical arrangement for directing an incoming optical beam from an optical transmitter onto a selected one or ones of said modulator and/or detector pixels in said array; and

(c) a control apparatus for individually controlling the individually addressable modulator and/or detector pixels to (i) reflect light which is modulated and reflected by said pixels when the optical beam is from an authorized or friendly source and (ii) inhibit optical reflection by the individually addressable modulator and/or detector pixels when the optical beam is not from an authorized or friendly source.

53. The apparatus of claim 52 wherein the individually addressable modulator and/or detector pixels are each monolithic devices.

54. The apparatus of claim 52 wherein the individually addressable modulator and/or detector pixels are each asymmetric Fabry-Perot multiple quantum well devices.

55. The apparatus of claim 54 wherein the individually addressable asymmetric Fabry-Perot multiple quantum well devices each have at least two states of operation depending on how the individually addressable asymmetric Fabry-Perot multiple quantum well devices are controlled by the control apparatus, the at least two states including:

i. a detection state during which individually addressable asymmetric Fabry-Perot multiple quantum well devices reflect little or no light, but do detect the presence of incoming light, the control apparatus determining whether or not the incoming light detected by the individually addressable asymmetric Fabry-Perot multiple quantum well devices is from an authorized or friendly source; and

ii. a reflection state during which individually addressable asymmetric Fabry-Perot multiple quantum well devices modulate and reflect incoming light when the incoming light to the individually addressable asymmetric Fabry-Perot multiple quantum well devices Is from one or more authorized or friendly sources as determined by the control apparatus.

56. The optical apparatus of claim 52 wherein the geometric shape of the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels is a hemispherical shape.

57. The optical apparatus of claim 56 wherein the pixels in the two dimensional array of modulator and/or detector pixels each has a light receptive surface which faces a concave side of said hemispherical shape.