Multi-sensor fire detector with reduced false alarm performance

• US 6,958,689 B2
• Filed: 06/26/2003
• Issued: 10/25/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Rosemount Aerospace, Inc. (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: Rosemount Aerospace, Inc. (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Renken, Christopher H., Snyder, Brian L., Miller, Mark S., Anderson, Kaare J., Socha, David M. Sr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery
• Assistant Examiner(s): MEHMOOD, JENNIFER
• Application Number:
  US10/606,506
• Publication Number:
  US 20040056765A1
• Time in Patent Office: 852 Days
• Field of Search: G08/B02.5/00, 340/628, 340/632, 340/522, 340/525, 73/233.1
• US Class Current: 340/525
• CPC Class Codes: A62C 35/08 Containers destroyed or opened by bursting charge
• CPC Class Codes: A62C 37/40 with electric connection between sensor and actuator
• CPC Class Codes: A62C 99/0045 using solid substances, e.g. sand, ashes; using substances forming a crust
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/10 Actuation by presence of smoke or gases , e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/113 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/125 by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 25/002 Generating a prealarm to the central station
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 29/183 Single detectors using dual technologies G08B13/1672, G08B13/2448, G08B13/2494 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 29/188 Data fusion; cooperative systems, e.g. voting among different detectors
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 29/20 Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements

Abstract

A method of detecting a combustion chemical in a region and setting an alarm based on concentration levels of the combustion chemical comprises the steps of: monitoring the region for a combustion chemical with a sensor having a measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of the monitored combustion chemical, the measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent; generating an ambient temperature measurement of the sensor; reading the measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement; processing the measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement readings to generate a temperature compensated concentration level of the monitored combustion chemical; and setting an alarm based on the generated temperature compensated concentration level. A fire detector unit for implementing the foregoing described method is also disclosed.

Claims

1. A fire detector unit for detecting fire in a region, said unit comprising:

a chemical sensor for monitoring said region for a combustion chemical and including a first measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of said monitored combustion chemical, said first measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent;

a temperature sensor disposed in proximity to said chemical sensor and including a second measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to the ambient temperature of said chemical sensor; and

a processor circuit coupled to said chemical sensor and temperature sensor for reading said first and second measurable parameters thereof, said processor circuit operative to process said first and second parameter readings to generate a temperature compensated concentration level of said monitored combustion chemical based on a function of said first and second parameter readings and a selected one of first and second temperature factor values, each said first and second temperature factor value being based on first parameter measurements corresponding to a plurality of predetermined combustion chemical concentration levels, and to generate an alarm based on said generated temperature compensated concentration level.

2. The fire detector unit of claim 1 including a memory storing a look-up table of temperature compensated, gas concentration levels of the monitored combustion chemical for each of the first and second temperature factor values;

and wherein the processor is coupled to said memory and operative to select a look-up table and utilize said selected look-up table based on the first and second parameter readings to generate the temperature compensated concentration level of the monitored combustion chemical.

3. The fire detector unit of claim 2 wherein the temperature compensated, gas concentration levels of each look-up table are based on a function of the first parameter reading, and the corresponding temperature factor value, said corresponding temperature factor value determined from first parameter measurements corresponding to first and second predetermined combustion chemical concentrations associated with the second parameter reading.

4. The fire detector unit of claim 1 including a memory for storing data representative of a first temperature factor value vs. temperature curve and data representative of a second temperature factor value vs. temperature curve;

and wherein the processor circuit is operative to access a selected one of the first and second temperature factor values from said stored data based on the second parameter reading for use in generating the temperature compensated concentration level.

5. The fire detector unit of claim 1 wherein the processor circuit is operative to generate an alarm based on a comparison of the generated temperature compensated concentration level and an absolute threshold.

6. The fire detector unit of claim 1 wherein the processor circuit is operative to generate an alarm based on a comparison of a time rate of the generated temperature compensated concentration level and a ramp threshold.

7. The fire detector unit of claim 1 wherein the processor circuit is operative to read time samples of the first measurable parameter and to generate a temperature compensated concentration level for each time sample based on said time sample readings;

and including a memory, said processor operative to store in said memory a sliding window in time of a predetermined number of most recent generated temperature compensated concentration levels.

8. The fire detector unit of claim 7 wherein the processor circuit is operative to derive a time rate of the generated temperature compensated concentration levels as a difference of a current generated temperature compensated concentration level and a minimum generated temperature compensated concentration level from the stored predetermined number of generated temperature compensated concentration levels, and to set an alarm based on a comparison of the time rate of the generated temperature compensated concentration levels and a ramp threshold.

9. The fire detector unit of claim 8 wherein the processor circuit is operative to reset the alarm when the current generated temperature compensated concentration level of a time sample subsequent to setting the alarm falls below a return value.

10. The fire detector unit of claim 9 wherein the return value is a predetermined percentage of the current generated temperature compensated concentration level used to derive the time rate used to set the alarm.

11. The fire detector unit of claim 1 wherein the combustion chemical sensor comprises a sensor selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen gas sensor and a carbon monoxide gas sensor.

12. A method of detecting a combustion chemical in a region and setting an alarm based on concentration levels of the combustion chemical, said method comprising the steps of:

monitoring said region for a combustion chemical with a sensor having a measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of said monitored combustion chemical, said measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent;

generating an ambient temperature measurement of said sensor; and

reading said measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement;

processing said measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement readings to generate a temperature compensated concentration level of said monitored combustion chemical based on a function of said measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement readings and a selected one of first and second temperature factor values, each said first and second temperature factor value being based on measurable parameter readings corresponding to a plurality of predetermined combustion chemical concentration levels; and

setting an alarm based on said generated temperature compensated concentration level.

13. The method of claim 12 including the steps of:

storing a look-up table of temperature compensated, gas concentration levels of the monitored combustion chemical for each of the first and second temperature factor values;

selecting a look-up table; and

utilizing said selected look-up table based on the measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement readings to generate the temperature compensated concentration level of the monitored combustion chemical.

14. The method of claim 13 including the step of generating the temperature compensated, gas concentration levels of each look-up table based on a function of the measurable parameter reading, and the corresponding temperature factor value, said corresponding temperature factor value determined from measurable parameter readings corresponding to first and second predetermined combustion chemical concentrations associated with the ambient temperature measurement reading.

15. The method of claim 12 including the steps of storing data representative of a first temperature factor value vs. temperature curve and data representative of a second temperature factor value vs. temperature curve;

and accessing a selected one of the first and second temperature factor values from said stored data based on the ambient temperature measurement reading.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein the alarm is set based on a comparison of the generated temperature compensated concentration level and an absolute threshold.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein the alarm is set based on a comparison of a time rate of change of the generated temperature compensated concentration level and a ramp threshold.

18. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of reading includes reading time samples of the measurable parameter;

and wherein a temperature compensated concentration level is generated for each time sample based on said time sample readings; and

including the step of storing a sliding window in time of a predetermined number of most recent generated temperature compensated concentration levels.

19. The method of claim 18 including the steps of deriving a time rate of the generated temperature compensated concentration levels as a difference of a current generated temperature compensated concentration level and a minimum generated temperature compensated concentration level from the stored predetermined number of generated temperature compensated concentration levels;

and setting the alarm based on a comparison of the time rate of the generated temperature compensated concentration levels and a ramp threshold.

20. The method of claim 19 including the step of resetting the alarm when the current generated temperature compensated concentration level of a time sample subsequent to setting the alarm falls below a return value.

21. The method of claim 20 including the step of determining the return value as a predetermined percentage of the current generated temperature compensated concentration level used to derive the time rate used to set the alarm.

22. A method of calibrating a fire detector unit comprising a sensor for monitoring a region for a combustion chemical, said method comprising the steps of:

measuring a parameter of said sensor at a plurality of predetermined chemical concentration levels and at a plurality of predetermined first temperatures, said sensor parameter changing in value proportional to concentration levels of said monitored combustion chemical and ambient temperature;

creating measured parameter vs. temperature curve data for each of said plurality of predetermined chemical concentration levels based on said parameter measurements;

deriving first and second temperature factors at a plurality of second temperatures based on said created measured parameter vs. temperature curve data;

creating a first look-up table of temperature compensated, gas concentration levels of the monitored combustion chemical from the measured parameter vs. temperature curve data and the derived first temperature factors; and

creating a second look-up table of temperature compensated, gas concentration levels of the monitored combustion chemical from the measured parameter vs. temperature curve data and the derived second temperature factors.

23. The calibration method of claim 22 including the step of burning in the sensor under operating conditions for a predetermined time period.

24. The calibration method of claim 22 including disposing the fire detector unit in a test chamber for performing the step of measuring the sensor parameter.

25. The calibration method of claim 22 wherein the sensor parameter being measured comprises resistance.

26. The calibration method of claim 22 wherein the first temperature factors are derived at the plurality of second temperatures based on a function of sensor parameter measurements at first and second predetermined chemical concentration levels and corresponding second temperatures.

27. The calibration method of claim 26 wherein the second temperature factors are derived at the plurality of second temperatures based on a function of sensor parameter measurements at second and third predetermined chemical concentration levels and corresponding second temperatures.

28. The calibration method of claim 22 including the step of storing the first and second look-up tables of temperature compensated, gas concentration levels in the fire detector unit.

29. A self-contained, fire detector unit for detecting fire in a region, said unit comprising:

a smoke detector for monitoring said region for smoke and generating a smoke alarm signal upon the detection of smoke in said region;

a plurality of chemical sensors, each sensor of said plurality for monitoring said region for a different combustion chemical and including a first measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of said monitored combustion chemical, said first measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent;

a temperature sensor disposed in proximity to said plurality of chemical sensors and including a second measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to the ambient temperature of said chemical sensors; and

a processor circuit coupled to said plurality of chemical sensors, smoke detector and temperature sensor for reading the smoke alarm signal and said first and second measurable parameters thereof, said processor circuit operative to process said first parameter readings of each chemical sensor and said second parameter readings to generate a corresponding temperature compensated concentration level of said monitored combustion chemical of each chemical sensor, each generation of the temperature compensated concentration level being based on a function of the first parameter readings of the corresponding chemical sensor and the second parameter readings and a selected one of first and second temperature factor values, each said first and second temperature factor value being based on the corresponding chemical sensor'"'"'s first parameter measurements corresponding to a plurality of predetermined combustion chemical concentration levels, and to generate an alarm based on a combination of said smoke alarm reading and generated temperature compensated concentration levels of the chemical sensors of said plurality.

30. The fire detector unit of claim 29 including:

a hollow housing having a top surface;

wherein the smoke detector is disposed at a first area of said top surface;

wherein the plurality of chemical sensors and the temperature sensor are disposed at a second area of said top surface; and

wherein the processor circuit is disposed within the hollow housing.

31. The fire detector unit of claim 30 including:

a first screened, protective shield disposed over the smoke detector and mounted to the top surface; and

a second screened, protective shield disposed over the plurality of combustion chemical sensors and the temperature sensor and mounted to the top surface.

32. The fire detector unit of claim 29 wherein the smoke detector includes built-in test circuitry for generating a first fault signal indicative of a fault condition in the smoke detector;

and wherein the processor circuit includes;

test circuitry coupled to each of the plurality of combustion chemical sensors for detecting a fault condition therein and for generating a second fault signal indicative of said fault condition; and

means for inhibiting the generation of the fire alarm based on said first and second fault signals.

33. The fire detector unit of claim 32 including;

a communication bus;

a communication controller and transmitter coupled between the processor circuit and

communication bus; and

wherein the processor circuit includes means for converting the fire alarm and fault signals into corresponding alarm and fault messages; and

means for controlling said communication controller and transmitter for transmitting said alarm and fault messages over said communication bus.

34. The fire detector unit of claim 29 wherein the processor circuit comprises a programmed microcontroller.

35. The fire detector unit of claim 29 wherein the processor circuit includes:

means for generating a sensor alarm signal for each chemical sensor of said plurality based on the generated temperature compensated concentration level corresponding to said chemical sensor; and

means for generating the alarm based on a condition in which the smoke alarm signal and sensor alarm signals for all of the chemical sensors of said plurality are concurrently generated.

36. The fire detector unit of claim 29 wherein the plurality of combustion chemical sensors comprises:

a hydrogen gas sensor and a carbon monoxide gas sensor.

37. A self-contained, dual channel fire detector unit for detecting fire in a region, said unit comprising:

a first channel comprising;

a first smoke detector for monitoring said region for smoke and generating a first smoke alarm signal upon the detection of smoke in said region;

a first plurality of combustion chemical sensors, each sensor of said first plurality for monitoring said region for a different combustion chemical and including a first measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of said monitored combustion chemical, said first measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent;

a first temperature sensor disposed in proximity to said first plurality of combustion chemical sensors and including a second measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to the ambient temperature of said combustion chemical sensors; and

a first processor circuit coupled to said first plurality of combustion chemical sensors, first smoke detector and first temperature sensor for reading the first smoke alarm signal and said first and second measurable parameters thereof, said first processor circuit operative to process said first parameter readings of each chemical sensor of said first plurality to generate a corresponding temperature compensated concentration level of said monitored combustion chemical based on the second parameter readings, and to generate a first alarm based on a combination of said first smoke alarm reading and generated temperature compensated concentration levels of the chemical sensors of said first plurality; and

a second channel comprising;

a second smoke detector for monitoring said region for smoke and generating a second smoke alarm signal upon the detection of smoke in said region;

a second plurality of combustion chemical sensors, each sensor of said second plurality for monitoring said region for a different combustion chemical and including a first measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of said monitored combustion chemical, said first measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent;

a second temperature sensor disposed in proximity to said second plurality of combustion chemical sensors and including a second measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to the ambient temperature of said combustion chemical sensors; and

a second processor circuit coupled to said second plurality of combustion chemical sensors, second smoke detector and second temperature sensor for reading the second smoke alarm signal and said first and second measurable parameters thereof, said second processor circuit operative to process said first parameter readings of each chemical sensor of said second plurality to generate a corresponding temperature compensated concentration level of said monitored combustion chemical based on the second parameter readings, and to generate a second alarm based on a combination of said second smoke alarm reading and generated temperature compensated concentration levels of the chemical sensors of said second plurality.

38. The fire detector unit of claim 37 wherein the first and second channels are separate and independent of each other.

39. The fire detector unit of claim 37 including:

a hollow housing having a top surface;

wherein the first and second smoke detector are disposed at a first area of said top surface;

wherein the first plurality of combustion chemical sensors and the first temperature sensor are disposed at a second area of said top surface;

wherein the second plurality of combustion chemical sensors and the second temperature sensor are disposed at a third area of said top surface; and

wherein the first and second processor circuits are disposed within the hollow housing.

40. The fire detector unit of claim 39 wherein the first and second smoke detectors are contained in a common package.

41. The fire detector unit of claim 39 including:

a first screened, protective shield disposed over the first and second smoke detectors and mounted to the top surface; and

a second screened, protective shield disposed over the first and second plurality of combustion chemical sensors and the first and second temperature sensors and mounted to the top surface.

42. The fire detector unit of claim 37 wherein the each of the first and second smoke detectors includes built-in test circuitry for generating first and second fault signals indicative of a fault condition in the first and second smoke detectors, respectively;

wherein the first processor circuit includes;

test circuitry coupled to each of the first plurality of combustion chemical sensors for detecting a fault condition therein and for generating a third fault signal indicative of said fault condition; and

means for inhibiting the generation of the first fire alarm based on said first and third fault signals; and

wherein the second processor circuit includes;

test circuitry coupled to each of the second plurality of combustion chemical sensors for detecting a fault condition therein and for generating a fourth fault signal indicative of said fault condition; and

means for inhibiting the generation of the second fire alarm based on said second and fourth fault signals.

43. The fire detector unit of claim 42 wherein the first processor circuit includes means for controlling the disposition of the first channel based on the first and third fault signals;

and wherein the second processor circuit includes means for controlling the disposition of the second channel based on the second and fourth fault signals.

44. The fire detector unit of claim 42 wherein the first channel includes;

a first communication bus; and

a first bus controller and transmitter coupled between the first processor circuit and first communication bus; and

wherein the first processor circuit includes means for converting the first fire alarm and first and third fault signals into corresponding alarm and fault messages; and

means for controlling said first bus controller and transmitter for transmitting said alarm and fault messages over said first communication bus; and

wherein the second channel includes;

a second communication bus; and

a second bus controller and transmitter coupled between the second processor circuit and second communication bus; and

wherein the second processor circuit includes means for converting the second fire alarm and second and fourth fault signals into corresponding alarm and fault messages; and

means for controlling said second bus controller and transmitter for transmitting said alarm and fault messages over said second communication bus.

45. The fire detector unit of claim 37 wherein the each of the first and second plurality of combustion chemical sensors comprises:

a hydrogen gas sensor and a carbon monoxide gas sensor.

46. A fire detector unit for detecting fire in a region, said unit comprising:

a chemical sensor for monitoring said region for a combustion chemical and including a first measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of said monitored combustion chemical, said first measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent;

a temperature sensor disposed in proximity to said chemical sensor and including a second measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to the ambient temperature of said chemical sensor; and

a processor circuit coupled to said chemical sensor and temperature sensor for reading time samples of said first and second measurable parameters thereof, said processor circuit operative to process said time samples of said first and second parameter readings to generate a temperature compensated concentration level of said monitored combustion chemical for each time sample, and to generate an alarm based on said temperature compensated concentration levels of said time samples, said processor circuit also operative to reset said alarm when the generated temperature compensated concentration level of a time sample subsequent the setting of said alarm falls below a return value.

47. The fire detector unit of claim 46 wherein the return value is a predetermined percentage of the generated temperature compensated concentration level used to set the alarm.

48. A method of detecting a combustion chemical in a region and setting an alarm based on concentration levels of the combustion chemical, said method comprising the steps of:

monitoring said region for a combustion chemical with a sensor having a measurable parameter which changes in value proportional to concentration levels of said monitored combustion chemical, said measurable parameter being ambient temperature dependent;

generating an ambient temperature measurement of said sensor; and

reading time samples of said measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement;

processing said time samples of said measurable parameter and ambient temperature measurement readings to generate a temperature compensated concentration level of said monitored combustion chemical for each time sample;

setting an alarm based on said generated temperature compensated concentration level; and

resetting said alarm when the generated temperature compensated concentration level of a time sample subsequent the setting of the alarm falls below a return value.

49. The method of claim 48 including the step of determining the return value as a percentage of the generated temperature compensated concentration level used to set the alarm.