Phase locked loop

• US 6,963,248 B2
• Filed: 02/23/2004
• Issued: 11/08/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 11/12/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Vorenkamp, Pieter, Ward, Christopher M.
• Primary Examiner(s): MIS, DAVID C
• Application Number:
  US10/783,563
• Publication Number:
  US 20040160286A1
• Time in Patent Office: 624 Days
• Field of Search: 331/17, 331/18, 331/25, 331/116.R, 331/116.FE, 331158-159, 327156-159, 332/127, 360/51, 375/376, 455/260
• US Class Current: 331/18
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 17/0006 Printed inductances printed coils for dynamo-electric machines H02K3/26; printed circuits H05K
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 2017/0053 with means to reduce eddy currents
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 2021/125 Printed variable inductor with taps, e.g. for VCO
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/08 including only semiconductor components of a single kind
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/364 the amplifier comprising field effect transistors H03B5/366 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 11/1291 Current or voltage controlled filters
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 1/0075 where the receiving frequencies of the stations are stored in a permanent memory, e.g. ROM
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 2200/10 Tuning of a resonator by means of digitally controlled capacitor bank
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 3/04 Arrangements for compensating for variations of physical values, e.g. temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 3/08 by varying a second parameter simultaneously with the tuning, e.g. coupling bandpass filter
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 3/185 with varactors, i.e. voltage variable reactive diodes

Abstract

A periodic signal generation circuit includes a differential crystal oscillator suitable for integration on a semiconductor substrate. The oscillator utilizes an external crystal as a resonator. The circuit is designed such that differential sinusoidal signals are present on the resonator leads to provide superior noise rejection of interfering signals. Differential signal transmission is maintained throughout the oscillator to reject noise generated by other circuitry that may be present on the substrate. Noise radiated out from the oscillator through the power supply, substrate, bond wires and pads is reduced due to the generation of differential signals of controlled sinusoidal amplitude and low harmonic content. The oscillator produces low phase noise so that the oscillator may be used in applications, such as TV receivers, that are sensitive to distortion. The circuit is a square wave that has low jitter, thus reducing jitter produced in digital circuits that, would utilize this square wave clock signal.

Claims

1. A phase locked loop, comprising:

reference oscillator means for generating a low phase noise reference frequency signal;

a voltage controlled oscillator for producing a desired output frequency signal;

a phase detector for comparing a phase of the low phase noise reference frequency signal to the desired output frequency signal; and

a loop filter for suppressing components of the low phase noise reference frequency signal;

wherein the reference oscillator means has a differential crystal oscillator circuit with a resonating crystal across differential outputs.

2. The phase locked loop of claim 1, wherein the reference oscillator means further comprises:

a first capacitor coupled to a first output terminal of the differential outputs;

a second capacitor coupled to a second output terminal of the differential outputs; and

a differential oscillator driver circuit coupled to the first output terminal and the second output terminal.

3. The phase locked loop of claim 2, wherein the first capacitor is further coupled to a ground and the second capacitor is further coupled to the ground.

4. The phase locked loop of claim 1, wherein the reference oscillator means is configured to maintain a substantially pure differential sinusoidal signal across the differential outputs.

5. The phase locked loop of claim 1, wherein the reference oscillator means further includes a linear buffer amplifier.

6. The phase locked loop of claim 5, wherein the linear buffer amplifier is configured to receive a differential signal from the resonating crystal.

7. The phase locked loop of claim 6, wherein the linear buffer amplifier is further configured to reduce a phase noise from the differential signal.

8. The phase locked loop of claim 5, wherein the reference oscillator means further includes a nonlinear amplifier.

9. The phase locked loop of claim 8, wherein the nonlinear amplifier is configured to receive a differential signal from the linear buffer amplifier.

10. The phase locked loop of claim 9, wherein the nonlinear amplifier is further configured to reduce a phase noise from the differential signal.

11. The phase locked loop of claim 1, wherein the reference oscillator means is configured to control a frequency of the desired output frequency signal.

12. The phase locked loop of claim 11, wherein the frequency is equal to a reference frequency of the low phase noise reference frequency signal.

13. The phase locked loop of claim 11, wherein the frequency is equal to a multiple of a reference frequency of the low phase noise reference frequency signal.

14. The phase locked loop of claim 1, wherein the reference oscillator means is configured to control a phase of the desired output frequency signal.

15. A phase locked loop, comprising:

a reference oscillator configured to produce a differential low phase noise signal having a reference frequency;

a phase detector coupled to the reference oscillator;

a loop filter coupled to the phase detector; and

a voltage controlled oscillator coupled to the loop filter and configured to produce a signal having a desired frequency;

wherein the reference oscillator has a differential crystal oscillator circuit with a resonating crystal across differential outputs.

16. The phase locked loop of claim 15, wherein the desired frequency is equal to the reference frequency.

17. The phase locked loop of claim 15, wherein the desired frequency is equal to a multiple of the reference frequency.

18. A phase locked loop, comprising:

a reference oscillator configured to produce a differential low phase noise signal having a reference frequency;

a voltage controlled oscillator configured to produce a signal having a desired frequency;

a phase detector coupled between the reference oscillator and the voltage controlled oscillator; and

a loop filter coupled between the reference oscillator and the voltage controlled oscillator;

wherein the reference oscillator has a differential crystal oscillator circuit with a resonating crystal across differential outputs.

19. The phase locked loop of claim 18, wherein the desired frequency is equal to the reference frequency.

20. The phase locked loop of claim 18, wherein the desired frequency is equal to a multiple of the reference frequency.