Method and apparatus for subsurface fluid sampling

• US 6,964,301 B2
• Filed: 06/28/2002
• Issued: 11/15/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 06/28/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation (SLB)
• Original Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation (SLB)
• Inventors: Hill, Bunker M., Zazovosky, Alexander
• Primary Examiner(s): Bagnell, David
• Assistant Examiner(s): GAY, JENNIFER HAWKINS
• Application Number:
  US10/184,833
• Publication Number:
  US 20040000433A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,236 Days
• Field of Search: 166/250.01, 166/264, 166/105, 166/254.2, 166/250.17, 166/100, 166/166, 166/169, 175/40, 175/50, 175/57, 175/58, 175/59, 175/60, 731/520.1, 731/520.2, 731/521.8, 731/522.3, 731/522.4, 731/522.6, 731/522.8, 731/521.7
• US Class Current: 166/264
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/08 Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/10 using side-wall fluid samplers or testers

Abstract

The apparatuses and methods herein relate to techniques for extracting fluid from a subsurface formation. A downhole sampling tool is provided with a probe having an internal wall capable of selectively diverting virgin fluids into virgin flow channels for sampling, while diverting contaminated fluids into contaminated flow channels to be discarded. The characteristics of the fluid passing through the channels of the probe may be measured. The data generated during sampling may be sent to a controller capable of generating data, communicating and/or sending command signals. The flow of fluid into the downhole tool may be selectively adjusted to optimize the flow of fluid into the channels by adjusting the internal wall within the probe and/or by adjusting the flow rates through the channels. The configuraton of the internal wall and/or the flow rates may be automatically adjusted by the controller and/or manually manipulated to further optimize the fluid flow.

Claims

1. A downhole tool positionable in a wellbore surrounded by a layer of contaminated fluid, the wellbore penetrating a subsurface formation having virgin fluid therein beyond the layer of contaminated fluid, the downhole tool comprising:

a probe engageable with a sidewall of the wellbore, the probe fluid communication with the subsurface formation whereby the fluids flow from the subterranean formation through the probe and into the downhole tool; and

a sampling intake positioned within said probe and in non-engagement with the sidewall of the wellbore during sampling, the sampling intake adapted to receive a cross-sectional portion of the fluids flowing through the probe.

2. The downhole tool of claim 1 further comprising a first flow line in fluid communication with the intake and a second flow line in fluid communication with the probe, each flow line connected to a pump for drawing fluid into the downhole tool.

3. The downhole tool of claim 2 wherein the flow lines are adapted to pass at least a portion of the fluids from the probe into the wellbore.

4. The downhole tool of claim 2 further comprising at least one valve and at least one corresponding sample chamber connected to the first flow line for selectively diverting samples of at least a portion of the virgin fluid from the first flow line into the at least one sample chamber.

5. The downhole tool of claim 2 wherein each flow line is connected to the same pump.

6. The downhole tool of claim 2 wherein each flow line is connected to a separate pump.

7. The downhole tool of claim 1 further comprising a fluid monitor adapted to measure fluid parameters of the fluid entering into the probe.

8. The downhole tool of claim 7 wherein the fluid monitor is an optical fluid analyzer capable of measuring optical density of the fluid.

9. The downhole tool of claim 7 further comprising a controller adapted to receive data from the fluid monitor and send command signals in response thereto.

10. The downhole tool of claim 9 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals for selectively adjusting the intake in response to the fluid parameters.

11. The downhole tool of claim 1 wherein the intake is provided with a pivoter adapted to selectively position the intake within the probe.

12. The downhole tool of claim 1 wherein the intake is provided with a sizer adapted to adjust the size of a cross-sectional area defined by the intake.

13. The downhole tool of claim 1 wherein the intake is provided with a shaper adapted to adjust the shape of a cross-sectional area defined by the intake.

14. The downhole tool of claim 10 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals for selectively adjusting the flow of fluid into the intake in response to the fluid parameters.

15. The downhole tool of claim 9 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals for selectively adjusting the flow of fluid into the intake in response to the fluid parameters.

16. The downhole tool of claim 1 wherein the probe is a tubular member and the intake is a tubular member.

17. The downhole tool of claim 1 wherein the probe is a pair of packers and the intake is provided with a pair of walls thereabout.

18. A downhole tool useful for extracting fluid from a subsurface formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by a layer of contaminated fluid, the subsurface formation having virgin fluid therein beyond the layer of contaminated fluid, the downhole tool comprising:

a probe carried by the downhole tool, the probe positionable in fluid communication with the formation whereby the fluids flow from the subterranean formation through the probe and into the downhole tool;

wherein the probe has at least one wall therein defining a first channel and a second channel, the at least one wall adjustably defining a cross-sectional area within the probe whereby the flow of the virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool is optimized.

19. The downhole tool of claim 18 further comprising a first flow line in fluid communication with the first channel and a second flow line in fluid communication with the second channel, each flow line connected to a pump for drawing fluid into the downhole tool.

20. The downhole tool of claim 19 wherein the flow lines are adapted to pass at least a portion of the fluids from the channels into the wellbore.

21. The downhole tool of claim 19 further comprising at least one valve and at least one corresponding sample chamber connected to the first flow line for selectively diverting at least a portion of the virgin fluid from first flow line into the at least one sample chamber.

22. The downhole tool of claim 19 wherein each flow line is connected to the same pump.

23. The downhole tool of claim 19 wherein each flow line is connected to a separate pump.

24. The downhole tool of claim 18 further comprising a fluid monitor adapted to measure fluid parameters of the fluid entering into the channels.

25. The downhole tool of claim 24 wherein the fluid monitor is an optical fluid analyzer capable of measuring optical density of the fluid.

26. The downhole tool of claim 24 further comprising a controller adapted to receive data from the fluid monitor and send command signals in response thereto.

27. The downhole tool of claim 26 wherein the controller is capable of selectively adjusting the at least one wall in response to the fluid parameters.

28. The downhole tool of claim 18 wherein the positioning means provided with the at least one wall is a pivoter adapted to selectively position the at least one wall within the probe.

29. The downhole tool of claim 18 wherein the at least one wall is provided with a sizer adapted to adjust the size of a cross-sectional area defined by the at least one wall.

30. The downhole tool of claim 18 wherein the at least one wall is provided with a shaper adapted to adjust the shape of a cross-sectional area defined by the at least one wall.

31. The probe of claim 27 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals for selectively adjusting the flow of fluid into the intake in response to the fluid parameters.

32. The probe of claim 26 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals for selectively adjusting the flow of fluid into the intake in response to the fluid parameters.

33. A downhole tool useful for extracting virgin fluid from a subsurface formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by contaminated fluid, the downhole tool comprising:

a probe positionable in fluid communication with the formation, the probe having a wall therein defining a first channel and a second channel, the wall adjustably defining a cross-sectional area within the probe whereby the flow of virgin fluid into the first channel is optimized; and

a first flow line in fluid communication with the first channel;

a second flow line in fluid communication with the second channel; and

at least one pump for drawing the fluids from the formation into the flow lines.

34. The downhole tool of claim 33 wherein the flow lines are adapted to pass at least a portion of the fluids from the channels into the wellbore.

35. The downhole tool of claim 33 further comprising at least one valve and at least one corresponding sample chamber connected to the first flow line for selectively diverting samples of a portion of the virgin fluid from the first flow line into the at least one sample chamber.

36. The downhole tool of claim 33 wherein each flow line is connected to the same pump.

37. The downhole tool of claim 33 wherein each flow line is connected to a separate pump.

38. The downhole tool of claim 33 further comprising a fluid monitor adapted to measure fluid parameters of the fluid entering into the channels.

39. The downhole tool of claim 37 wherein the fluid monitor is an optical fluid analyzer capable of measuring optical density of the fluid.

40. The downhole tool of claim 37 further comprising a controller adapted to receive data from the fluid monitor and send command signals in response thereto.

41. The downhole tool of claim 40 wherein the controller is capable of selectively adjusting the wall in response to the fluid parameters.

42. The downhole tool of claim 33 wherein the wall is provided with a pivoter adapted to selectively position the wall within the probe.

43. The downhole tool of claim 33 wherein the wall is provided with a sizer adapted to adjust the size of a cross-sectional area defined by the wall.

44. The downhole tool of claim 33 wherein the wall is provided with a shaper adapted to adjust the shape of a cross-sectional area defined by the wall.

45. The probe of claim 41 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals for selectively adjusting the flow of fluid into the intake in response to the fluid parameters.

46. The probe of claim 40 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals for selectively adjusting the flow of fluid into the intake in response to the fluid parameters.

47. A method of sampling virgin fluid from a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by contaminated fluid, the subterranean formation having virgin fluid therein, the method comprising:

positioning a downhole tool in the wellbore adjacent the subterranean formation, the downhole tool having a probe adapted to draw fluid therein;

positioning the probe in fluid communication with the formation, the probe having a wall therein defining a first channel and a second channel;

drawing at least a portion of the virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool;

selectively adjusting the wall to define a cross sectional area within the probe whereby the flow of virgin fluid into the downhole tool is optimized.

48. The method of claim 47 wherein the step of positioning comprises positioning a downhole tool in the wellbore adjacent the subterranean formation, the downhole tool having a probe adapted to draw fluid therein and at least one pump operatively connected thereto for drawing fluid into the channels, the method further comprising selectively adjusting the flow of fluid into the channels whereby the flow of virgin fluid into the probe is optimized.

49. The method of claim 47 further comprising monitoring parameters of the fluid passing through the channels.

50. The method of claim 49 further comprising determining the optimum flow for the channels based on the parameters.

51. The method of claim 49 further comprising determining the optimum position of the wall within the probe based on the parameters.

52. The method of claim 49 further comprising sending command signals in response to the fluid parameters for performing wellbore functions.

53. A method of sampling virgin fluid from a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by contaminated fluid, the subterranean formation having virgin fluid therein, the method comprising:

positioning a downhole tool in the wellbore adjacent the subterranean formation, the downhole tool having a probe adapted to draw fluid therein;

positioning the probe in fluid communication with the formation, the probe having a wall therein defining a first channel and a second channel;

drawing at least a portion of the virgin fluid into the first channel in the probe;

selectively adjusting the wall to define a cross-sectional area within the probe whereby the flow of virgin fluid into the probe is optimized.

54. The method of claim 53 further comprising selectively adjusting the flow of fluid into the channels.

55. The method of claim 53 further comprising monitoring parameters of the fluid passing through the channels.

56. The method of claim 55 further comprising determining the optimum flow for the channels based on the parameters.

57. The method of claim 55 further comprising determining the optimum position of the wall within the probe based on the parameters.

58. The method of claim 55 further comprising sending command signals in response to the fluid parameters for performing wellbore functions.

59. A downhole tool useful for extracting virgin fluid from a subsurface formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by contaminated fluid, the downhole tool comprising:

a probe positionable in fluid communication with the formation and adapted to flow the fluids from the formation into the downhole tool, the probe having a wall therein defining a first channel and a second channel, the first channel adapted to receive a cross-sectional portion of the fluids flowing through the second channel;

a contamination monitor adapted to measure fluid parameters in at least one of the channels; and

a controller adapted to receive data from the contamination monitor and send command signals in response thereto whereby the wall is selectively adjusted within the probe to optimize the flow of the virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool.

60. The downhole tool of claim 59 further comprising a first flow line in fluid communication with the first channel and a second flow line in fluid communication with the second channel, each flow line connected to a pump for drawing fluid into the downhole tool.

61. The downhole tool of claim 60 wherein the flow lines are adapted to pass at least a portion of the fluids from the channels into the wellbore.

62. The downhole tool of claim 60 further comprising at least one valve and at least one corresponding sample chamber connected to the first flow line for selectively diverting at least a portion of the virgin fluid from the first flow line into the at least one sample chamber.

63. The downhole tool of claim 60 wherein each flow line is connected to the same pump.

64. The downhole tool of claim 60 wherein each flow line is connected to a separate pump.

65. The downhole tool of claim 59 wherein the fluid monitor is an optical fluid analyzer capable of measuring optical density of the fluid.

66. The downhole tool of claim 59 wherein the wall is provided with a pivoter adapted to selectively position the wall within the probe.

67. The downhole tool of claim 59 wherein the wall is provided with a sizer adapted to adjust the size of a cross-sectional area defined by the wall.

68. The downhole tool of claim 59 wherein the wall is provided with a shaper adapted to adjust the shape of a cross-sectional area defined by the wall.

69. The probe of claim 59 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals in response to the data received from the contamination monitor whereby the flow of fluid is selectively adjusted to optimize the flow of the virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool.

70. The probe of claim 60 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals in response to the data received from the contamination monitor whereby the flow of fluid is selectively adjusted to optimize the flow of the virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool.

71. A downhole tool useful for extracting virgin fluid from a subsurface formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by contaminated fluid, the downhole tool comprising:

a probe positionable in fluid communication with the formation and adapted to flow the fluids from the formation into the downhole tool, the probe having a wall therein defining a first channel and a second channel;

a first flow line in fluid communication with the first channel;

a second flow line in fluid communication with the second channel;

at least one pump for drawing the fluids from the formation into the flow lines;

a contamination monitor adapted to measure fluid parameters in at least one of the channels; and

a controller adapted to receive data from the contamination monitor and send command signals in response thereto whereby the pump is selectively activated to draw fluid into the flow lines to optimize the flow of the virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool.

72. The downhole tool of claim 71 wherein the flow lines are adapted to pass at least a portion of the fluids from the channels into the wellbore.

73. The downhole tool of claim 71 further comprising at least one valve and at least one corresponding sample chamber connected to the first flow line for selectively diverting at least a portion of the virgin fluid from the first flow line into the at least one sample chamber.

74. The downhole tool of claim 71 wherein each flow line is connected to the same pump.

75. The downhole tool of claim 71 wherein each flow line is connected to a separate pump.

76. The downhole tool of claim 71 wherein the fluid monitor is an optical fluid analyzer capable of measuring optical density of the fluid.

77. The downhole tool of claim 71 wherein the controller is capable of selectively adjusting the wall in response to the fluid parameters.

78. The downhole tool of claim 71 wherein the wall is provided with a pivoter adapted to selectively position the wall within the probe.

79. The downhole tool of claim 71 wherein the wall is provided with a sizer adapted to adjust the size of a cross-sectional area defined by the wall.

80. The downhole tool of claim 71 wherein the wall is provided with a shaper adapted to adjust the shape of a cross-sectional area defined by the wall.

81. The probe of claim 71 wherein the controller is capable of sending command signals in response to the data received from the contamination monitor whereby the wall is selectively adjusted within the probe to optimize the flow of the virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool.

82. A method of sampling virgin fluid from a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by contaminated fluid, the subterranean formation having virgin fluid therein, the method comprising:

positioning a probe in fluid communication with the formation, the probe carried by a downhole tool and having a wall therein defining a first channel and a second channel;

flowing the fluids through the probe and into the downhole tool;

monitoring fluid parameters of the fluid passing through the probe;

selectively adjusting a cross-sectional area defined by the wall in response to the probe in response to the fluid parameters whereby the flow of virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool is optimized.

83. The method of claim 82 wherein the step of selectively adjusting comprises selectively adjusting the flow rates of the fluids into the channels in response to the fluid parameters whereby the flow of virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool is optimized.

84. The method of claim 82 wherein the step of selectively adjusting comprises selectively adjusting the wall within the probe in response to the fluid parameters whereby the flow of virgin fluid through the first channel and into the downhole tool is optimized.

85. A downhole apparatus for separating virgin fluid and contaminated fluid extracted from a subsurface formation, the downhole apparatus comprising:

a fluid sampling probe having first and second pathways in fluid communication with each other and the subsurface formation; and

means for separating virgin fluid extracted from the subsurface formation and contaminated fluid extracted from the subsurface formation, whereby separation of the virgin and contaminated fluids occurs within said fluid sampling probe, and whereby contaminated fluid is extracted through said first pathway and virgin fluid is extracted through said second pathway.

86. The downhole apparatus of claim 85, wherein said means for separating includes at least one flow control device in fluid communication with at least one among said first and second pathways.

87. The downhole apparatus of claim 85, wherein the ratio of the fluid flow rates within said first and second pathways is selectively adjustable to extract virgin fluid from the subsurface formation through said second pathway.

88. The downhole apparatus of claim 87, wherein said means for separating includes a selectively movable sampling intake disposed within said fluid sampling probe and within which said second pathway is disposed, said sampling intake being capable of non-engagement with the subsurface formation.

89. The downhole apparatus of claim 85, wherein said means for separating includes a sampling intake adjuster.

90. The downhole apparatus of claim 85, wherein said means for separating includes a sampling intake sizer.

91. The downhole apparatus of claim 85, wherein said means for separating includes a sampling intake shaper.