Poly (3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)-based capacitors using ionic liquids as supporting electrolytes

• US 6,965,509 B2
• Filed: 12/02/2002
• Issued: 11/15/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Reynolds, John R., Anderson, Nicole, Stenger-Smith, John D., Chafin, Andrew P., Zong, Kyukwan, Webber, Cynthia K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Thomas, Eric W.
• Application Number:
  US10/307,585
• Publication Number:
  US 20040106041A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,079 Days
• Field of Search: 361/502, 361523-526, 429/212, 429/215, 429/217
• US Class Current: 361/528
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/48 Conductive polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/56 Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0085 Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/60 of organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/606 containing aromatic main chain polymers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

A supercapacitor comprising a poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) as electrode couples for the capacitor and a pair of gel electrolyte layers disposed between the electrodes. The gel electrolytes are separated by a battery paper and are selected from a group consisting of a lithium salt and an organic electrolyte.

Claims

1. A polymer based charge storage device comprising:

(a) a pair of spaced apart electrodes, a first electrode of said pair of electrodes consisting of a poly (3,4 propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDot) and a second electrode of said pair of electrodes consisting of a poly (3,4 ethylendioxythiophene) (PEDOT), said first electrode being an anode for said polymer based charge storage device and said second electrode being a cathode for said polymer based charge storage device;

(b) a first electrolyte gel and a second electrolyte gel disposed between said pair of spaced apart electrodes; and

(c) a battery paper positioned between said first electrolyte gel and said second electrolyte gel to separate said cathode for said polymer based charge storage device from said anode for said polymer based charge storage device.

2. The polymer based charge storage device of claim 1 wherein said first and second electrolyte gels comprise organic solvent-swollen polymers.

3. The polymer based charge storage device of claim 2 wherein said organic solvent-swollen polymer comprises Polymethylmethacrylate swollen with tetraglyme.

4. The polymer based charge storage device of claim 1 wherein said first and second electrolyte gels comprise lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Li-BTI).

5. The polymer based charge storage device of claim 1 wherein said first and second electrolyte gels comprises 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1 H-imidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-BTI).

6. The polymer based charge storage device of claim 1 wherein a first capacitor having said first and second electrolytes comprising EMI-BTI has a substantially longer cell lifetime when compared to a second capacitor having said first and second electrolytes comprising said Li-BTI.

7. The polymer based charge storage device of claim 6 wherein said first capacitor having said first and second electrolytes comprising said EMI-BTI has a switching speed which is substantially equal to a switching speed of said second capacitor having said first and second electrolytes comprising said Li-BTI.

8. The polymer based charge storage device of claim 1 wherein said polymer based charge storage device comprises a supercapacitor.

9. The polymer based charge storage device of claim 1 wherein said polymer based charge storage device comprises a battery.

10. A polymer based capacitor comprising:

a) a pair of spaced apart electrodes, a first electrode of said pair of electrodes comprising poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) and a second electrode of said pair of electrodes comprising poly(3,4-ethylendioxychiophene), said first electrode being an anode for said capacitor and said second electrode being a cathode for said capacitor;

(b) a first electrolyte gel and a second electrolyte gel disposed between said pair of spaced apart electrodes;

(c) a battery paper positioned between said first electrolyte gel and said second electrolyte gel to separate said cathode for said capacitor from said anode for said capacitor; and

(d) said first electrolyte gel and said second electrolyte gel comprising 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1 H-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-BTI).

11. The polymer based capacitor of claim 10 wherein said capacitor retains approximately 98% of charge capacity for said capacitor as a function of 50,000 cycles where a cycles is a scanning of 0.0 volts to 0.5 volts and a return to 0.0 volts.

12. A polymer based capacitor comprising:

(a) a pair of spaced apart electrodes, a first electrode of said pair of electrodes comprising poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) and a second electrode of said pair of electrodes comprising poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene), said first electrode being an anode for said capacitor and said second electrode being a cathode for said capacitor;

(b) a first electrolyte gel and a second electrolyte gel disposed between said pair of spaced apart electrodes;

(c) a battery paper positioned between said first electrolyte gel and said second electrolyte gel to separate said cathode for said capacitor from said anode for said capacitor; and

(d) said first electrolyte gel and said second electrolyte gel comprising a lithium salt.

13. The polymer based capacitor of claim 12 wherein said lithium salt comprises lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Li-BTI).

14. The polymer based capacitor of claim 12 wherein said capacitor retains approximately 70% of charge capacity for said capacitor as a function of 50,000 cycles where a cycles is a scanning of 0.0 volts to 0.5 volts and a return to 0.0 volts.