Circuit and method for processing an automatic frequency control signal

• US 6,965,653 B2
• Filed: 12/21/2000
• Issued: 11/15/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: North Star Innovations Inc. (Wi-LAN Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Inventors: Main, William Eric, Coffing, Danielle L., Wortel, Klaas
• Primary Examiner(s): WANG, TED M
• Application Number:
  US09/746,277
• Publication Number:
  US 20020080897A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,790 Days
• Field of Search: 331/10, 331/172, 331/44, 331/2, 331/65, 331/57, 331/111, 331/27, 323/315, 329/324, 329/301, 329/308, 455/182.2, 455/75, 455/255, 455/180.1, 455/208, 455/265, 375/375, 375/344, 375/332, 375/226, 375/345, 375/321, 375/316, 375/232, 375/326, 375/202, 375/132, 348/726, 348/735, 327/65, 327/530, 381/15
• US Class Current: 375/344
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 7/045 Modification of automatic frequency control sensitivity or linearising automatic frequency control operation; Modification of the working range H03J7/10 takes precedence

Abstract

An integrated demodulator tuning circuit (10, 60) receives differential currents at input terminals (12, 46) and provides an AFC signal at an output terminal (48). The AFC current characteristic has a dead band (72) in the output current generated when the integrated demodulator tuning circuit (10, 60) operates under the condition where the difference between the currents supplied at the input terminals (12 and 46) is at or below a set threshold value. The set threshold value is determined by the relative sizes of the transistors (14, 16 and 20, 36, 38 and 40) that form the current mirrors connected to the input terminals (12, 46).

Claims

1. An injection-locked demodulator circuit with Automatic Frequency Control (AFC), comprising:

an injection-locked oscillator having a first input for receiving a modulated signal;

a multiplier having a first input for receiving the modulated signal and a second input for receiving a signal generated by the injection-locked oscillator;

a tuning circuit coupled to an output of the multiplier for receiving first and second input signals, the tuning circuit disabling the AFC until a difference in the first and second input signals reaches a threshold value, the tuning circuit comprising;

first and second current mirrors coupled between a first input terminal that receives the first input signal and the output of the tuning circuit, the first current mirror receiving a first current and the second current mirror providing a first portion of an output current;

third, fourth and fifth current mirrors coupled between a second input terminal that receives the second input signal and the output terminal of the tuning circuit, the third current mirror receiving a second current and the fifth current mirror providing a second portion of the output current, wherein the first and second input terminals receive a differential signal from the multiplier; and

first and second transistors coupled from inputs of the respective second and fourth current mirrors to a first power supply conductor for preventing the second current mirror from providing the first portion of the output current and the fifth current mirror from providing the second portion of the output current; and

a filter having an input coupled to an output of the tuning circuit and an output coupled to a second input of the injection-locked oscillator.

2. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 1, wherein the first current mirror comprises first and second P-channel MOS transistors having source terminals commonly coupled to a second power supply conductor and gate terminals commonly coupled to a drain terminal of the first P-channel MOS transistor and to the first input terminal.

3. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 2, wherein the second current mirror comprises first and second NPN transistors having emitter terminals commonly coupled to the first power supply conductor and base terminals commonly coupled to a collector terminal of the first NPN transistor and to a drain terminal of the second P-channel MOS transistor.

4. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 1, wherein the third current mirror comprises first and second P-channel MOS transistors having source terminals commonly coupled to a second power supply conductor and gate terminals commonly coupled to a drain terminal of the first P-channel transistor and to the second input terminal.

5. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 4, wherein the fourth current mirror comprises first and second NPN transistors having emitter terminals commonly coupled to the first power supply conductor and base terminals commonly coupled to a collector of the second NPN transistor and to a drain of the second P-channel MOS transistor.

6. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 5, wherein the fifth current mirror comprises third and fourth P-channel MOS transistors having source terminals commonly coupled to the second power supply conductor and gate terminals commonly coupled to a drain of the fourth P-channel MOS transistor and to a collector terminal of the first NPN transistor.

7. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 1, wherein the AFC is enabled when the modulated signal has no data and disabled when the modulated signal has data.

8. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 7, wherein the tuning circuit further includes another input for receiving a signal that controls when the AFC is enabled and disabled.

9. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 1, wherein the tuning circuit further includes:

a first switch coupled from an input of the second current mirror to a first power supply conductor and preventing the second current mirror from providing the first portion of the output current; and

a second switch coupled from an input of the fourth current mirror to the first power supply conductor and preventing the fifth current mirror from providing the second portion of the output current at the output of the tuning circuit.

10. The injection-locked demodulator circuit of claim 9, wherein conduction of the first and second switches is controlled by the signal received at the another input of the tuning circuit.

11. A circuit for providing an automatic frequency control signal having first and second input terminals coupled for receiving a differential current and an output terminal that supplies a current that is a function of a difference of the differential current, the circuit comprising:

a first current path from the first input terminal to the output terminal comprising first and second current mirrors coupled between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the circuit, the first current mirror receiving a first current and the second current mirror providing a first portion of the output current;

a second current path from the second input terminal to the output terminal, the second current path comprising third, fourth and fifth current mirrors coupled between the second input terminal and the output terminal of the circuit, the third current mirror receiving a second current and the fifth current mirror providing a second portion of the output current; and

first and second switches coupled for receiving a signal that disables the respective first and second current paths from providing the current that is the function of the difference of the differential current.

12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the first and second switches are coupled from the respective second and fourth current mirrors to a first power supply conductor and prevent the second current mirror from providing the first portion of the output current and the fifth current mirror from providing the second portion of the output current that combine at the output terminal of the circuit to provide the function of the difference in the first and second currents.

13. A tuning circuit having first and second input terminals and generating an automated frequency control signal at an output terminal, comprising:

first and second transistors that form a first current mirror and have first current conduction terminals commonly coupled to a first power supply conductor and control terminals commonly coupled to a second current conduction terminal of the first transistor and to the first input terminal;

third and fourth transistors that form a second current mirror and have first current conduction terminals commonly coupled to a second power supply conductor and control terminals commonly coupled to a second conduction terminal of the third transistor and to a second current conduction terminal of the second transistor

fifth and sixth transistors that form a third current mirror and have first current conduction terminals commonly coupled to the first power supply conductor and control terminals commonly coupled to a second current conduction terminal of the sixth transistor and to the second input terminal;

seventh and eighth transistors that form a fourth current mirror and have first current conduction terminals commonly coupled to the second power supply conductor and control terminals commonly coupled to a second conduction terminal of the eighth transistor and to a second conduction terminal of the fifth transistor; and

ninth and tenth transistors that form a fifth current mirror and have first current conduction terminals commonly coupled to the first power supply conductor and control terminals commonly coupled to a second conduction terminal of the tenth transistor and to a second conduction terminal of the seventh transistor, and the second conduction terminal of the ninth transistor being coupled to the output terminal of the tuning circuit.

14. The circuit of claim 13, further including:

an eleventh transistor having a control terminal coupled to the first input terminal and a first conduction terminal coupled to the first power supply conductor; and

a twelfth transistor having a control terminal and a first conduction terminal coupled to a second conduction terminal of the eleventh transistor and an second conduction terminal coupled to the second power supply conductor.

15. The circuit of claim 14, further including:

an thirteenth transistor having a control terminal coupled to the second input terminal and a first conduction terminal coupled to the first power conductor; and

a fourteenth transistor having a control terminal and a first conduction terminal coupled to a second conduction terminal of the thirteenth transistor and a second conduction terminal coupled to the second power supply conductor.

16. The circuit of claim 15, further including:

a fifteenth transistor having a control terminal coupled to the control terminal of the fourteenth transistor, a first conduction terminal coupled to the second power supply conductor and a second conduction terminal coupled to the second conduction terminal of the second transistor; and

a sixteenth transistor having a control terminal coupled to a control terminal of the twelfth transistor, a first conduction terminal coupled to the second power supply conductor and a second conduction terminal coupled to the second conduction terminal of the fifth transistor.

17. The circuit of claim 16, wherein scaling provides a current gain in a current signal path through the sixth, thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth transistors that exceeds a current gain in a current signal path through the first and second transistors, and a current gain in a current signal path through the first, eleventh, twelfth and sixteenth transistors exceeds a current signal path through the sixth and fifth transistors.

18. A method for generating an Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) signal having a dead band region where the AFC signal is not responsive to a difference in first and second input signals, comprising:

transferring a first signal received at a first input to an output through a first path;

transferring a second signal received at a second input to the output through a second path for combining with the first signal in generating the AFC signal; and

exceeding a threshold in the AFC before generating the dead band region by transferring the first and second signals to the output.

19. A method for generating an Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) signal based on a modulated signal, comprising:

providing first and second input terminals for receiving a differential current;

providing an output terminal that supplies an output current that is a function of a difference of the differential current;

providing a first current path from the first input terminal to the output terminal;

coupling first and second current mirrors between the first input terminal and the output terminal, the first current mirror receiving the first current and the second current mirror providing a first portion of the output current;

providing a second current path from the second input terminal to the output terminal;

coupling third, fourth and fifth current mirrors between the second input terminal and the output terminal, the third current mirror receiving the second current and the fifth current mirror providing a second portion of the output current; and

selectively disabling the first and second current paths from providing the output current.

20. A method for generating an Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) signal in an injection-locked demodulator, comprising:

providing the injection-locked demodulator with an unmodulated signal at the carrier frequency of the modulated signal;

providing the injection-locked demodulator with a modulated signal; and

providing a differential current at first and second inputs;

coupling a plurality of current mirrors between the first and second inputs and an output terminal;

combining first and second current portions from the plurality of current mirrors to form an output current; and

selectively disabling the output current and thereby disabling the AFC signal in the presence of the modulated signal to prevent detuning the injection-locked demodulator.

21. A method of generating an Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) signal having a deadband region in a demodulator, comprising:

transferring a first current signal received at a first input to an output through a first path;

transferring a second current signal received at a second input to the output through a second path for combining with the first signal in generating the AFC signal;

tuning the demodulator relative to a threshold value determined by relative sizes of transistors that form current mirrors in a tuning circuit of the demodulator; and

maintaining the AFC signal in the dead band region until a difference in the first current signal and the second current signal exceeds the threshold value in either polarity upon which the AFC signal is serially passed to an AFC filter and an oscillator.