Holey optical fibres

• US 6,968,107 B2
• Filed: 08/10/2001
• Issued: 11/22/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 08/18/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: University of Southampton
• Original Assignee: University of Southampton
• Inventors: Furusawa, Kentaro, Richardson, David, Turner, Paul, Monro, Tanya, Belardi, Walter
• Primary Examiner(s): Assaf, Fayez G.
• Application Number:
  US10/344,731
• Publication Number:
  US 20040022508A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,565 Days
• Field of Search: 385123-127, 385/147, 653/85, 654/28, 654/35, 653/93
• US Class Current: 385/127
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2203/14 Non-solid, i.e. hollow products, e.g. hollow clad or with core-clad interface
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2203/42 Photonic crystal fibres, e.g. fibres using the photonic bandgap PBG effect, microstructured or holey optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 37/0122 for making preforms of photonic crystal, microstructured or holey optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02328 Hollow or gas filled core
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02347 Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02357 Property of longitudinal structures or background material varies radially and/or azimuthally in the cladding, e.g. size, spacing, periodicity, shape, refractive index, graded index, quasiperiodic, quasicrystals
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02361 Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02371 Cross section of longitudinal structures is non-circular
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02385 Comprising liquid, e.g. fluid filled holes

Abstract

An optical fiber structure having a holey fiber arranged in a holey outer support structure made up of holey tubes encased in a thin walled outer jacket. The holey fiber may have a solid core surrounded by a holey cladding having a plurality of rings of holes. With the invention it is possible to produce robust, coated and jacketed fibers with microstructured core features of micrometer size relatively easily using existing fiber fabrication technology. This improvement is a result of the outer holey structure which reduces the thermal mass of the supporting structure and makes it possible to reliably and controllably retain small hole features during the fiber fabrication process.

Claims

1. An optical fiber structure comprising a holey fiber arranged in a holey outer support structure, wherein the holey fiber is contained by a tubular structure and wherein the holey outer support structure comprises a plurality of tubular structures arranged around the tubular structure.

2. An optical fiber structure according to claim 1, wherein the tubular structures of the holey outer support structure have a lateral size at least five times greater than a lateral size of holes in the holey fiber.

3. An optical fiber structure according to claim 1, wherein the tubular structures of the holey outer support structure have a lateral size at least ten times greater than a lateral size of holes in the holey fiber.

4. An optical fiber structure according to claim 1, wherein the holey fiber comprises a solid or hollow core surrounded by a holey cladding.

5. An optical fiber structure according to claim 4, wherein the holey cladding comprises cavities arranged in a plurality of rings concentrically about the core.

6. An optical fiber structure according to claim 5, wherein the number of rings is two.

7. An optical fiber structure according to claim 5, wherein the number of rings is three, four, five or six.

8. An optical fiber structure according to claim 1, wherein the tubular structures of the holey outer support structure have lateral dimensions of between one fifth and five times that of the holey fiber.

9. An optical fiber structure according to claim 1, wherein the tubular structures of the holey outer support structure have lateral dimensions of between one half and twice that of the holey fiber.

10. An optical fiber structure according to claim 1, wherein the holey outer support structure further comprises an outer jacket surrounding the arrangement of tubular structures.

11. An optical fiber preform comprising:

(a) a core rod;

(b) a plurality of cladding capillaries arranged around the core rod;

(c) an inner jacket containing the cladding capillaries; and

(d) a plurality of support capillaries arranged around the inner jacket.

12. An optical fiber preform according to claim 11, further comprising an outer jacket containing the support capillaries.

13. An optical fiber preform according to claim 11, wherein the support capillaries have lateral dimensions between one fifth and five times that of the inner jacket.

14. An optical fiber preform according to claim 11, wherein the support capillaries have lateral dimensions between one half and twice that of the inner jacket.

15. An optical fiber preform according to claim 11, wherein the core rod is hollow.

16. An optical fiber preform according to claim 11, wherein the core rod is solid.

17. An optical fiber preform according to claim 11, wherein the cladding capillaries are arranged in a plurality of rings concentrically about the core rod.

18. An optical fiber preform according to claim 17, wherein the number of rings is two.

19. An optical fiber preform according to claim 17, wherein the number of rings is three, four, five or six.

20. The optical fiber preform of claim 11, wherein the plurality of support capillaries have a lateral size greater than a lateral size of the plurality of cladding capillaries.

21. A method of making a holey fiber preform comprising:

(a) arranging a core rod and a plurality of cladding capillaries within a first jacket;

(b) arranging the first jacket and a plurality of support capillaries to form a tube assembly; and

(c) reducing the tube assembly to a preform.

22. A method according to claim 21, wherein the support capillaries are arranged within a second jacket.

23. A method according to claim 21, wherein the support capillaries are arranged within an outer jacket.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein the plurality of support capillaries have a lateral size greater than a lateral size of the plurality of cladding capillaries.

25. A method of making a holey fiber comprising:

(a) making a holey fiber preform according to the method of claim 21; and

(b) drawing a holey fiber from the preform.

26. A method of guiding light along an optical fiber structure, the method comprising using an optical fiber structure comprising a holey fiber arranged in a holey outer support structure, wherein the holey fiber is contained by a tubular structure and wherein the holey outer support structure comprises a plurality of tubular structures arranged around the tubular structure, and arranging the light to have a mode field extending in a cross-sectional plane through the holey fiber, wherein the mode field is confined in the holey fiber so as to have less than one of 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.01% of its power extending beyond the holey fiber into the holey outer support structure.

27. An optical fiber structure comprising a holey fiber arranged in a holey outer support structure, wherein the holey fiber is surrounded by a first tubular structure and wherein the holey outer support structure comprises a plurality of further tubular structures arranged around the first tubular structure.

28. An optical fiber structure according to claim 27, wherein the further tubular structures of the holey outer support structure have a lateral size at least five times greater than a lateral size of holes in the holey fiber.

29. An optical fiber structure according to claim 27, wherein the further tubular structures of the holey outer support structure have a lateral size at least ten times greater than a lateral size of holes in the holey fiber.

30. An optical fiber structure according to claim 27, wherein the holey fiber comprises a solid or hollow core surrounded by a holey cladding.

31. An optical fiber structure according to claim 30, wherein the holey cladding comprises cavities arranged in a plurality of rings concentrically about the core.

32. An optical fiber structure according to claim 31, wherein the number of rings is two.

33. An optical fiber structure according to claim 31, wherein the number of rings is three, four, five or six.

34. An optical fiber structure according to claim 27, wherein the further tubular structures of the holey outer support structure have lateral dimensions of between one fifth and five times that of the holey fiber.

35. An optical fiber structure according to claim 27, wherein the further tubular structures of the holey outer support structure have lateral dimensions of between one half and twice that of the holey fiber.

36. An optical fiber structure according to claim 27, wherein the holey outer support structure further comprises an outer jacket surrounding the arrangement of further tubular structures.

37. A method of guiding light along an optical fiber structure, the method comprising using an optical fiber structure comprising a holey fiber arranged in a holey outer support structure, wherein the holey fiber is surrounded by a first tubular structure and wherein the holey outer support structure comprises a plurality of further tubular structures arranged around the first tubular structure, and arranging the light to have a mode field extending in a cross-sectional plane through the holey fiber, wherein the mode field is confined in the holey fiber so as to have less than one of 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.01% of its power extending beyond the holey fiber into the holey outer support structure.