Wireless communications device pseudo-fractal antenna

• US 6,975,277 B2
• Filed: 11/21/2003
• Issued: 12/13/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 11/21/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kyocera Corporation
• Original Assignee: Kyocera Wireless Corporation (Kyocera Corporation)
• Inventors: Tran, Allen
• Primary Examiner(s): Dinh, Trinh Vo
• Application Number:
  US10/718,830
• Publication Number:
  US 20050110682A1
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 343/792.5, 343/793, 343/893, 343/895, 343/700.MS, 343/702, 343/829, 343/846, 343/909
• US Class Current: 343/792.5
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/26 with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength resonant loop antennas H01Q7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/28 Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines waveguide horns or mouths H01Q13/00; slot antennas H01Q13/00

Abstract

A pseudo-fractal antenna is provided comprising a dielectric, and a radiator proximate to the dielectric having an effective electrical length formed in a pseudo-fractal geometry. That is, the radiator includes at least one section formed in a fractal geometry and at least one section formed in a non-fractal geometry. The antenna can be either a monopole or a dipole antenna. For use in a wireless communication telephone, the antenna operating frequency can be approximately 1575 megahertz (MHz), to receive global positioning satellite (GPS) information. In one aspect, the radiator has a fractal geometry section formed as a Koch curve. When the antenna is a dipole, the counterpoise can also be a pseudo-fractal geometry with a section formed in Koch curve fractal geometry section. The radiator can be a conductor embedded in the dielectric. Alternately, the radiator is a conductive line overlying a dielectric layer.

Claims

1. A pseudo-fractal antenna comprising:

a transmission line interface;

a dielectric; and

a radiator proximate to the dielectric having an effective electrical length formed in a first pseudo-fractal Geometry, the radiator including at least one section formed in a first fractal geometry and at least one section formed in a first non-fractal geometry, the at least one radiator non-fractal geometry section formed further from the transmission line interface than the at least one radiator fractal geometry section.

2. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the radiator has an effective electrical length selected from the group including a half-wavelength and a quarter-wavelength of the antenna operating frequency.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the antenna operating frequency selected from the group including approximately 1575 megahertz (MHz), approximately 850 MHz, and approximately 1920 MHz.

4. The antenna of claim 2 wherein the antenna is selected from the group including monopole and dipole antennas.

5. The antenna of claim 4 wherein the antenna is a monopole antenna;

and,

the antenna further comprising;

a counterpoise; and

,

wherein the dielectric is interposed between the counterpoise and the radiator.

6. The antenna of claim 5 wherein the radiator fractal geometry section is formed in a Koch curve.

7. The antenna of claim 4 where the antenna is a dipole antenna;

and,

the antenna further including;

a counterpoise having an effective electrical length.

8. The antenna of claim 7 wherein the counterpoise has an effective electrical length formed in a second pseudo-fractal geometry.

9. The antenna of claim 8 wherein the counterpoise includes at least one section formed in a second fractal geometry.

10. The antenna of claim 9 wherein the radiator fractal geometry section is formed in a Koch curve;

and,

wherein the counterpoise fractal geometry section is formed in a Koch curve.

11. The antenna of claim 7 wherein the counterpoise has an effective electrical length formed in a second non-fractal geometry.

12. The antenna of claim 11 wherein the dielectric is a dielectric layer;

wherein the radiator is a conductive line overlying the dielectric layer; and

,

wherein the counterpoise is a conductive line overlying the dielectric layer.

13. The antenna of claim 12 further comprising:

a balun antenna feed having a transmission line interface, a lead port connected to the radiator, and a lag port, 180 degrees out of phase at the antenna operating frequency with the lead port, connected to the counterpoise.

14. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the radiator is a conductor embedded in the dielectric.

15. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the dielectric is a dielectric layer;

and,

wherein the radiator is a conductive line overlying the dielectric layer.

16. The antenna of claim 1 further comprising:

a transmission line interface; and

wherein the at least one radiator non-fractal geometry section is formed closer to the transmission line interface than the at least one radiator fractal geometry section.

17. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the radiator pseudo-fractal geometry includes a Koch curve.

18. The antenna of claim 17 wherein the radiator pseudo-fractal geometry includes a second order iteration Koch curve.

19. A wireless communications device system comprising:

a wireless communication device receiver; and

a pseudo-fractal antenna including;

a dielectric, a transmission line interface, and a radiator proximate to the dielectric having an effective electrical length formed in a first pseudo-fractal geometry, the radiator including at least one section formed in a first fractal geometry and at least one section formed in a first non-fractal geometry, and the at least one radiator non-fractal geometry section is formed further from the transmission line interface than the fractal geometry section.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein the radiator has an effective electrical length selected from the group including a half-wavelength and a quarter-wavelength of the antenna operating frequency.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein the antenna operating frequency is approximately 1575 megahertz (MHz).

22. The system of claim 20 wherein the antenna is selected from the group including monopole and dipole antennas.

23. The system of claim 22 wherein the antenna is a monopole antenna;

and,

the antenna further comprising;

a counterpoise; and

,

wherein the dielectric is interposed between the counterpoise and the radiator.

24. The system of claim 23 wherein the at least one radiator fractal geometry section is formed in a Koch curve.

25. The system of claim 22 where the antenna is a dipole antenna;

and,

the antenna further including;

a counterpoise having an effective electrical length.

26. The system of claim 25 wherein the counterpoise has an effective electrical length formed in a second pseudo-fractal geometry.

27. The system of claim 26 wherein the counterpoise includes at least one section formed in a second fractal geometry.

28. The system of claim 27 wherein the at least one radiator fractal geometry section is formed in a Koch curve;

and

wherein the at least one counterpoise fractal geometry section is formed in a Koch curve.

29. The system of claim 25 wherein the counterpoise has an effective electrical length formed in a second non-fractal geometry.

30. The antenna of claim 29 wherein the dielectric is a dielectric layer;

wherein the radiator is a conductive line overlying the dielectric layer; and

,

wherein the counterpoise is a conductive line overlying the dielectric layer.

31. The system of claim 30 further comprising:

a balun antenna feed having a transmission line interface, a lead port connected to the radiator, and a lag port, 180 degrees out of phase at the antenna operating frequency with the lead port, connected to the counterpoise.

32. The system of claim 19 wherein the radiator is a conductor embedded in the dielectric.

33. The system of claim 19 wherein the dielectric is a dielectric layer;

and

wherein the radiator is a conductive line overlying the dielectric layer.

34. The system of claim 19 wherein the wireless communications device receiver is a global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver having a port connected to the transmission line interface.

35. The system of claim 19 wherein the wireless communications device receiver is a telephone transceiver having a port connected to the transmission line interface.

36. The system of claim 19 wherein the at least one radiator non-fractal geometry section is formed closer to the transmission line interface than the at least one radiator fractal geometry section.

37. The system of claim 19 wherein the radiator pseudo-fractal geometry includes a Koch curve.

38. The system of claim 37 wherein the radiator pseudo-fractal geometry includes a second order iteration Koch curve.

39. A pseudo-fractal dipole printed line antenna comprising:

a balun antenna feed having a transmission line interface, a lead port, and a lag port 180 degrees out of phase at the antenna operating frequency with the lead port;

a dielectric layer;

a radiator formed on the dielectric layer in a pseudo-fractal pattern and connected to the balun lead port; and

,

a counterpoise formed on the dielectric layer in a pseudo-fractal pattern and connected to the balun lag port.

40. The pseudo-fractal antenna of claim 39 wherein the radiator includes a plurality of line sections with a least one line section formed in a fractal geometry;

and,

wherein the counterpoise includes a plurality of line sections with a least one line section formed in a fractal geometry.

41. The pseudo-fractal antenna of claim 40 wherein the radiator fractal geometry line section is formed in a Koch curve;

and,

wherein the counterpoise fractal geometry line section is formed in a Koch curve.

42. The pseudo-fractal antenna of claim 41 wherein the radiator has an effective electrical length of a quarter-wavelength of the antenna operating frequency;

and,

wherein the counterpoise has an effective electrical length of a quarter-wavelength of the antenna operating frequency.

43. The pseudo-fractal antenna of claim 42 in which the antenna operating frequency is approximately 1.575 gigahertz (GHz).

44. The pseudo-fractal antenna of claim 41 wherein the dielectric layer is FR4 material having a thickness of 15 mils.

45. The pseudo-fractal antenna of claim 44 wherein the radiator is formed from half-ounce copper;

and,

wherein the counterpoise is formed from half-ounce copper.

46. The pseudo-fractal antenna of claim 45 wherein the radiator is formed in lines having a width of approximately 30 mils;

and,

wherein the counterpoise is formed in lines having a width of approximately 30 mils.

47. A method for forming a pseudo-fractal dipole antenna, the method comprising:

forming a first pseudo-fractal geometry conductive section comprising a first fractal geometry conductive section and a first non-fractal geometry conductive section;

forming a radiator from the first pseudo-fractal geometry conductive section, the radiator having an effective electrical length responsive to the combination of the first fractal and the first non-fractal conductive sections, the radiator effective electrical length selected from the group including a quarter-wavelength and a half-wavelength of the antenna operating frequency;

forming a counterpoise using a second fractal geometry conductive section and a second non-fractal geometry conductive section, the counterpoise having an effective electrical length responsive to the combination of the counterpoise fractal and non-fractal conductive sections; and

forming a dielectric interposed between the counterpoise and the radiator.

48. The method of claim 47 further comprising:

electro-magnetically communicating at an operating frequency responsive to the effective electrical length of the radiator.

49. The method of claim 47 wherein forming a radiator includes the radiator having an effective electrical length with respect to an operating frequency of approximately 1575 (MHz).

50. The method of claim 47 wherein the first fractal geometry conductive section includes a Koch curve.

51. The method of claim 47 further comprising:

interfacing a transmission line to the antenna; and

,

creating a 180 degree phase shift at the operating frequency between the radiator and the counterpoise.

52. A method for forming a pseudo-fractal antenna, the method comprising:

forming a transmission line interface

forming a pseudo-fractal geometry conductive section comprising a fractal geometry conductive section and a non-fractal geometry conductive section;

forming a radiator from the pseudo-fractal geometry conductive section, wherein the non-fractal geometry section is formed further from the transmission line interface than the fractal geometry section; and

locating the antenna proximate a dielectric, wherein the antenna has an effective electrical length.