Method and apparatus for power management control of a compressor-based appliance that reduces electrical power consumption of an appliance

• US 6,975,926 B2
• Filed: 11/08/2002
• Issued: 12/13/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 11/08/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cantaloupe, Inc.
• Original Assignee: USA Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Schanin, David J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Paladini, Albert W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Garland, Steven R.
• Application Number:
  US10/291,066
• Publication Number:
  US 20040093125A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,131 Days
• Field of Search: 700275-278, 700/286, 700/291, 700/295, 700/296, 236/46.R, 236/47, 221/150.R, 621/57, 621/58, 621/61, 622/31
• US Class Current: 700/296
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/15 Power, e.g. by voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: F25D 2700/14 Sensors measuring the temperature outside the refrigerator or freezer
• CPC Class Codes: F25D 29/00 Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 3/08 Registering or indicating the production of the machine either with or without registering working or idle time
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/14 The load or loads being home appliances
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/66 one of the loads acting as master and the other or others acting as slaves
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/14 by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/005 using a power saving mode for copiers G03G15/5004
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 30/70 Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/20 End-user application control systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/242 Home appliances
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/244 the home appliances being or involving heating ventilating and air conditioning [HVAC] units

Abstract

Power-management control methods and apparatus are disclosed. Power-management control is achieved by monitoring operational characteristics (such as current, compressor relay control signals, internal temperature) of an appliance during an extended period of operation, analyzing such operational characteristics to derive a characteristic cycle time of the cooling system of the appliance, and automatically decoupling the appliance from a power source in response to control signals provided by sensor(s). The appliance may be automatically coupled to the power source after expiration of a shutdown time period, which is automatically adjusted by the power management control system based upon the characteristic cycle time of the cooling system.

Claims

1. A method for managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine that includes a cooling system that operates in an active state and an inactive state, the method comprising:

a) monitoring operational characteristics of said appliance machine during an extended period of time to identify when said cooling system is operating in the active state and when said cooling system is operating in the inactive state, said operational characteristics include differential temperature across a condenser of said cooling system within said appliance machine;

b) deriving a characteristic cycle time of said cooling system based upon said operational characteristics;

c) decoupling said appliance machine from its electric power source based upon a value of at least one of a first set of parameters; and

d) coupling said appliance machine to its electric power source upon expiration of a shutdown time, said shutdown time based upon at least said characteristic cycle time.

2. A method for managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 1, wherein:

said operational characteristics include current levels drawn by said appliance machine.

3. A method for managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 2, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying minima and maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance machine, and said characteristic cycle time is derived from said minima and maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance machine.

4. A method of managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 3, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying a high threshold current value and a low threshold current value, said high threshold current value providing an indication that said cooling system is operating in said active state and being derived from said maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance machine, and said low threshold current value providing an indication that said cooling system is operating in said inactive state and being derived from said minima of current levels drawn by said appliance machine, and wherein said characteristic cycle time is derived from said high threshold current value and said low threshold current value.

5. A method of managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 4, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying duration of ON time periods during which current level drawn by said appliance machine is above said high threshold current and identifying duration of OFF time periods during which current level drawn by said appliance machine is below said low threshold current, and wherein said characteristic cycle time is derived from duration of said ON time periods and duration of said OFF time periods.

6. A method of managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 5, wherein:

said characteristic cycle time is derived from an average duration of said ON time periods and an average duration of said OFF time periods.

7. A method for managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 1, wherein:

said operational characteristics include control signals that open and close a relay that selectively activates and deactivates a compressor of the cooling system.

8. A method for managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 1, wherein:

said extended period of time encompasses between one and twenty expected cycle times of said cooling system.

9. A method of managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 1, wherein:

said shutdown time is based upon an ambient temperature level sensed by a temperature sensor.

10. A method of managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 1, wherein:

said first set of parameters is selected from the group consisting of;

current level drawn by said appliance machine, occupancy sensed by an occupancy sensor, temperature sensed by a temperature sensor, and time-of-day provided by a time-of-day timer.

11. A method of managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 1, further comprising:

e) coupling said appliance machine to its electric power source prior to expiration of said shutdown time based upon a value of at least one of a second set of parameters.

12. A method of managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 11, wherein:

said second set of parameters is selected from the group consisting of;

occupancy sensed by an occupancy sensor, temperature sensed by an temperature sensor, and time-of-day provided by a time-of-day timer.

13. A method of managing electric power consumed by an appliance machine according to claim 1, wherein:

said appliance machine comprises a glass front, consumer accessible beverage cooler.

14. A power-management control apparatus that automatically manages supply of electrical power from a power source to an appliance that includes a cooling system that operates in an active state and an inactive state, said apparatus comprising:

a) a switch that selectively couples and uncouples said power source to/from said appliance, said switch having a switch control input;

b) a controller, operably coupled to said switch control input, that is adapted to perform control operations that include

i) monitoring operational characteristics of said appliance during an extended period of time to identify when said cooling system is operating in the active state and when said cooling system is operating in the inactive state, said operational characteristics include differential temperature across a condenser of said cooling system within said appliance,

ii) deriving a characteristic cycle time of said cooling system based upon said operational characteristics,

iii) controlling said switch via said switch control input to decouple said appliance from said power source based upon values of a first set of parameters, and

iv) controlling said switch via said switch control input to couple said appliance to said power source upon expiration of a shutdown time, said shutdown time based upon at least said characteristic cycle time.

15. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein:

said operational characteristics include current levels drawn by said appliance machine.

16. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:

c) a current sensor, operably coupled to said controller, that provides said controller with signals representing said current levels.

17. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 15, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying minima and maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance, and said characteristic cycle time is derived from said minima and maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance.

18. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 17, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying a high threshold current value and a low threshold current value, said high threshold current value providing an indication that said cooling system is operating in the active state and being derived from said maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance, and said low threshold current value providing an indication that said cooling system is operating in the inactive state and being derived from said minima of current levels drawn by said appliance, and wherein said characteristic cycle time is derived from said high threshold current value and said low threshold current value.

19. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 18, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying duration of ON time periods during which current level drawn by said appliance is above said high threshold current and identifying duration of OFF time periods during which current level drawn by said appliance is below said low threshold current, and wherein said characteristic cycle time is derived from duration of said ON time periods and duration of said OFF time periods.

20. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 19, wherein:

said characteristic cycle time is derived from an average duration of said ON time periods and an average duration of said OFF time periods.

21. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein:

said operational characteristics include control signals that selectively open and close a relay that selectively activates and deactivates a compressor of the cooling system.

22. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein:

said extended period of time encompasses between one and twenty expected cycle times of said cooling system.

23. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising:

d) a temperature sensor that senses ambient temperature, said temperature sensor operably coupled to said controller; and

wherein said shutdown time is based upon an ambient temperature sensed by said temperature sensor.

24. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising:

d) at least one of a current sensor, a temperature sensor, an occupancy sensor and a time-of-day timer, and

wherein said first set of parameters is selected from the group consisting of;

current level drawn by said appliance sensed by said current sensor, occupancy sensed by an occupancy sensor, temperature sensed by said temperature sensor, and time-of-day provided by said time-of-day timer.

25. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein:

said controller is adapted to perform control operations that control said switch via said switch control input to couple said appliance machine to said power source prior to expiration of said shutdown time based upon values of a second set of parameters.

26. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 25, further comprising:

d) at least one of a temperature sensor, an occupancy sensor and a time-of-day timer, and

wherein said second set of parameters is selected from the group consisting of;

occupancy sensed by said occupancy sensor, temperature sensed by said temperature sensor, and time-of-day provided by said time-of-day timer.

27. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein:

said appliance comprises a glass front, consumer accessible beverage cooler.

28. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein:

said power-management control apparatus is external to said appliance machine.

29. A power-management control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein:

said power-management control apparatus is integral to said appliance machine.

30. An appliance that draws electrical power from a power source, said appliance comprising:

a) electrical components including a cooling system that operates in an active state and an inactive state; and

b) a power-management control subsystem that automatically manages supply of electrical power from said power source to said electrical components, said subsystem including

i) a switch that selectively couples and uncouples said power source to/from said electrical components, said switch having a switch control input;

ii) a controller, operably coupled to said switch control input, adapted to perform control operations that include

monitoring operational characteristics of said appliance during an extended period of time to identify when said cooling system is operating in the active state and when said cooling system is operating in the inactive state,

said operational characteristics include a temperature within said appliance and said temperature comprises differential temperature across a condenser of said cooling system,

deriving a characteristic cycle time of said cooling system based upon said operational characteristics,

controlling said switch via said switch control input to decouple said electrical components from said power source based upon values of a first set of parameters, and

controlling said switch via said switch control input to couple said electrical components to said power source upon expiration of a shutdown time, said shutdown time based upon at least said characteristic cycle time.

31. An appliance according to claim 30, wherein:

said operational characteristics include current levels drawn by said appliance machine.

32. An appliance according to claim 31, further comprising:

a current sensor, operably coupled to said controller, that provides said controller with signals representing said current levels.

33. An appliance according to claim 31, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying minima and maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance, and said characteristic cycle time is derived from said minima and maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance.

34. An appliance according to claim 33, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying a high threshold current value and a low threshold current value, said high threshold current value providing an indication that said cooling system is operating in the active state and being derived from said maxima of current levels drawn by said appliance, and said low threshold current value providing an indication that said cooling system is operating in the inactive state and being derived from said minima of current levels drawn by said appliance, and wherein said characteristic cycle time is derived from said high threshold current value and said low threshold current value.

35. An appliance according to claim 34, wherein:

said monitoring includes identifying duration of ON time periods during which current level drawn by said appliance is above said high threshold current and identifying duration of OFF time periods during which current level drawn by said appliance is below said low threshold current, and wherein said characteristic cycle time is derived from duration of said ON time periods and duration of said OFF time periods.

36. An appliance according to claim 35, wherein:

said characteristic cycle time is derived from an average duration of said ON time periods and an average duration of said OFF time periods.

37. An appliance according to claim 30, wherein:

said operational characteristics include control signals that selectively open and close a relay that selectively activates and deactivates a compressor of the cooling system.

38. An appliance according to claim 30, wherein:

said extended period of time encompasses between one and twenty expected cycle times of said cooling system.

39. An appliance according to claim 30, further comprising:

at least one of a current sensor, a temperature sensor, an occupancy sensor and a time-of-day timer; and

wherein said first set of parameters is selected from the group consisting of;

current level output by said current sensor, occupancy sensed by an occupancy sensor, temperature sensed by said temperature sensor, and time-of-day provided by said time-of-day timer.

40. An appliance according to claim 39, wherein:

said controller is adapted to perform control operations that control said switch via said switch control input to couple said electrical components to said power source prior to expiration of said shutdown time based upon values of a second set of parameters.

41. An appliance according to claim 30, further comprising:

at least one of a temperature sensor, an occupancy sensor and a time-of-day timer, and

wherein said second set of parameters is selected from the group consisting of;

occupancy sensed by said occupancy sensor, temperature sensed by said temperature sensor, and time-of-day provided by said time-of-day timer.

42. An appliance according to claim 30, wherein:

said appliance comprises a glass front, consumer accessible beverage cooler.

43. An appliance according to claim 30, wherein:

said electrical components and power management control subsystem are disposed within a common housing.