Mixer gain calibration method and apparatus

• US 6,983,135 B1
• Filed: 11/11/2002
• Issued: 01/03/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 11/11/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Marvell International Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Original Assignee: Marvell International Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Inventors: Tse, Lawrence, Tsai, King Chun, Chien, George
• Primary Examiner(s): Urban, Edward F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jackson, Blane J.
• Application Number:
  US10/292,087
• Time in Patent Office: 1,149 Days
• Field of Search: 455/333, 455/325, 455/323, 455/326, 455/118, 455/310, 455/311, 455/296, 455/251.5, 455/252.2, 455/234.1
• US Class Current: 455/234.1
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 2200/0025 Gain control circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 2200/0043 Bias and operating point
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1441 using field-effect transistors H03D7/145 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1458 Double balanced arrangements, i.e. where both input signals are differential
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1491 Arrangements to linearise a transconductance stage of a mixer arrangement
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3052 in bandpass amplifiers (H.F. or I.F.) or in frequency-changers used in a (super)heterodyne receiver H03G3/32, H03G3/34 take precedence

Abstract

A gain calibration circuit for a radio frequency mixer in a wireless transceiver includes a reference signal generator that generates a reference signal. A comparator receives the reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to current flowing through the transmitter mixer and generates a difference signal. An adjustment circuit adjusts a transconductance gain of the mixer based on the difference signal. The adjustment circuit includes a plurality of binary weighted transconductance cells. The transconductance gain is calibrated during idle time between data packets or after power on, hardware reset, or software reset.

Claims

1. A gain calibration circuit for a radio frequency (RF) mixer in a wireless transceiver, comprising:

a constant overdrive voltage generator that biases said mixer;

a reference signal generator that generates a reference signal;

a comparator that receives said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said RF mixer and that generates a difference signal; and

an adjustment circuit that adjusts a transconductance gain of said RF mixer based on said difference signal.

2. The gain calibration circuit of claim 1 wherein said adjustment circuit adjusts said mixer bias current to adjust said transconductance gain.

3. The gain calibration circuit of claim 1 wherein said adjustment circuit includes at least one of a plurality of binary weighted transconductance cells and a plurality of thermometer coded transconductance cells.

4. The gain calibration circuit of claim 1 wherein said adjustment circuit adjusts said transconductance gain in discrete steps.

5. The gain calibration circuit of claim 1 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated at least once during idle time between data packets, after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

6. The gain calibration circuit of claim 1 wherein said reference signal generator includes a matched resistor and a current source.

7. A wireless receiver that receives data packets, comprising:

a receiver including a radio frequency (RF) receiver mixer having an input transconductance stage that is biased by a constant overdrive voltage; and

a receiver gain calibration circuit that includes a reference signal generator that generates a reference signal, a comparator that receives said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said RF receiver mixer and that generates a difference signal, and an adjustment circuit that adjusts a transconductance gain of said RF receiver mixer based on said difference signal.

8. The wireless receiver of claim 7 wherein said transconductance gain of said RF receiver mixer is proportional to a bias current of said RF receiver mixer.

9. The wireless receiver of claim 7 wherein said RF receiver mixer is a Gilbert cell mixer that includes a compensated transconductance stage with first and second transistors that are operated in a saturation region and third and fourth transistors that are operated in a triode region.

10. The wireless receiver of claim 7 wherein said adjustment circuit includes a plurality of binary weighted transconductance cells.

11. The wireless receiver of claim 7 wherein said adjustment circuit includes a plurality of thermometer coded transconductance cells.

12. The wireless receiver of claim 7 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated during idle time between data packets.

13. The wireless receiver of claim 7 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated at least one of after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

14. The wireless receiver of claim 7 wherein said reference signal generator includes a matched resistor and a current source.

15. A wireless transmitter that transmits data packets, comprising:

a transmitter including a radio frequency (RF) transmitter mixer having an input transconductance stage that is biased by a constant overdrive voltage; and

a transmitter gain calibration circuit that includes a reference signal generator that generates a reference signal, a comparator that receives said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said RF transmitter mixer and that generates a difference signal, and an adjustment circuit that adjusts a transconductance gain of said RF transmitter mixer based on said difference signal.

16. The wireless transmitter of claim 15 wherein said transconductance gain of said RF transmitter mixer is proportional to said mixer bias current of said RF transmitter mixer.

17. The wireless transmitter of claim 15 wherein said RF transmitter mixer is a Gilbert cell mixer that includes a compensated transconductance stage with first and second transistors that are operated in a saturation region and third and fourth transistors that are operated in a triode region.

18. The wireless transmitter of claim 15 wherein said adjustment circuit includes a plurality of binary weighted transconductance cells.

19. The wireless transmitter of claim 15 wherein said adjustment circuit includes a plurality of thermometer coded transconductance cells.

20. The wireless transmitter of claim 15 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated during idle time between data packets.

21. The wireless transmitter of claim 15 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated at least one of after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

22. The wireless transmitter of claim 15 wherein said reference signal generator includes a matched resistor and a current source.

23. A gain calibration circuit for a radio frequency (RF) mixer in a wireless transceiver, comprising:

constant overdrive voltage generating means for biasing said RF mixer;

reference signal generating means for generating a reference signal;

comparing means for receiving said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said mixer and for generating a difference signal; and

adjustment means for adjusting a transconductance gain of said mixer based on said difference signal.

24. The gain calibration circuit of claim 23 wherein said adjustment means adjusts said mixer bias current to adjust said transconductance gain.

25. The gain calibration circuit of claim 23 wherein said adjustment means includes at least one of a plurality of binary weighted transconductance cells and a plurality of thermometer coded transconductance cells.

26. The gain calibration circuit of claim 23 wherein said adjustment means adjusts said transconductance gain in discrete steps.

27. The gain calibration circuit of claim 23 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated at least once during idle time between data packets, after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

28. The gain calibration circuit of claim 23 wherein said reference signal generating means includes a matched resistor and a current source.

29. A wireless receiver for receiving data packets, comprising:

receiving means for receiving data packets and including a radio frequency (RF) receiver mixer having an input transconductance stage that is biased by a constant overdrive voltage; and

receiver gain calibration means for calibrating a gain of said RF receiver mixer and that includes reference signal generating means for generating a reference signal, comparing means for receiving said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said RF receiver mixer and for generating a difference signal, and adjustment means for adjusting a transconductance gain of said RF receiver mixer based on said difference signal.

30. The wireless receiver of claim 29 wherein said transconductance gain of said RF receiver mixer is proportional to said mixer bias current of said RF receiver mixer.

31. The wireless receiver of claim 29 wherein said RF receiver mixer is a Gilbert cell mixer that includes a compensated transconductance stage with first and second transistors that are operated in a saturation region and third and fourth transistors that are operated in a triode region.

32. The wireless receiver of claim 29 wherein said adjustment means includes a plurality of binary weighted transconductance cells.

33. The wireless receiver of claim 29 wherein said adjustment means includes a plurality of thermometer coded transconductance cells.

34. The wireless receiver of claim 29 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated during idle time between data packets.

35. The wireless receiver of claim 29 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated at least one of after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

36. The wireless receiver of claim 29 wherein said reference signal generating means includes a matched resistor and a current source.

37. A wireless transmitter that transmits data packets, comprising:

transmitting means including a radio frequency (RF) transmitter mixer having an input transconductance stage that is biased by a constant overdrive voltage; and

transmitter gain calibration means for calibrating a gain of said mixer and that includes reference signal generating means for generating a reference signal, comparing means for receiving said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said RF transmitter mixer and for generating a difference signal, and adjustment means for adjusting a transconductance gain of said RF transmitter mixer based on said difference signal.

38. The wireless transmitter of claim 37 wherein said transconductance gain of said RF transmitter mixer is proportional to said mixer bias current of said RF transmitter mixer.

39. The wireless transmitter of claim 37 wherein said RF transmitter mixer is a Gilbert cell mixer that includes a compensated transconductance stage with first and second transistors that are operated in a saturation region and third and fourth transistors that are operated in a triode region.

40. The wireless transmitter of claim 37 wherein said adjustment means includes a plurality of binary weighted transconductance cells.

41. The wireless transmitter of claim 37 wherein said adjustment means includes a plurality of thermometer coded transconductance cells.

42. The wireless transmitter of claim 37 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated during idle time between data packets.

43. The wireless transmitter of claim 37 wherein said transconductance gain is calibrated at least one of after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

44. The wireless transmitter of claim 37 wherein said reference signal generating means includes a matched resistor and a current source.

45. A method of operating a gain calibration circuit for a radio frequency (RF) mixer in a wireless transceiver, comprising:

biasing an input transconductance stage of a mixer with a constant overdrive voltage;

generating a reference signal;

generating a difference signal by comparing said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said mixer; and

adjusting a transconductance gain of said mixer based on said difference signal.

46. The method of claim 45 further comprising adjusting said mixer bias current to adjust said transconductance gain.

47. The method of claim 45 further comprising using at least one of a plurality of binary weighted transconductance cells and a plurality of thermometer coded transconductance cells to adjust said transconductance gain.

48. The method of claim 45 further comprising adjusting said transconductance gain in discrete steps.

49. The method of claim 45 further comprising calibrating said transconductance gain at least once during idle time between data packets, after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

50. The method of claim 45 further comprising generating said reference signal using a matched resistor and a current source.

51. A method for operating a wireless radio frequency (RF) receiver for receiving data packets, comprising:

biasing an input transconductance stage of an RF receiver mixer using a constant overdrive voltage; and

generating a reference signal;

comparing said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said RF receiver mixer and generating a difference signal; and

adjusting a transconductance gain of said receiver mixer based on said difference signal.

52. The method of claim 51 wherein said transconductance gain of said RF receiver mixer is proportional to said mixer bias current of said RF receiver mixer.

53. The method of claim 51 further comprising:

operating first and second transistors of said RF receiver mixer in a saturation region; and

operating third and fourth transistors of said RF receiver mixer in a triode region.

54. The method of claim 51 further comprising calibrating said transconductance gain during idle time between data packets.

55. The method of claim 51 further comprising calibrating said transconductance gain at least one of after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

56. The method of claim 51 further comprising generating said reference signal using a matched resistor and a current source.

57. A method for operating a wireless radio frequency (RF) transmitter that transmits data packets, comprising:

biasing an input transconductance stage of an RF transmitter mixer using a constant overdrive voltage; and

generating a reference signal;

comparing said reference signal and a second signal that is proportional to a mixer bias current flowing through said RF transmitter mixer and generating a difference signal; and

adjusting a transconductance gain of said RF transmitter mixer based on said difference signal.

58. The method of claim 57 wherein said transconductance gain of said RF transmitter mixer is proportional to said mixer bias current of said RF transmitter mixer.

59. The method of claim 57 further comprising:

operating first and second transistors of said RF transmitter mixer in a saturation region; and

operating third and fourth transistors of said RF transmitter mixer in a triode region.

60. The method of claim 57 further comprising calibrating said transconductance gain during idle time between data packets.

61. The method of claim 57 further comprising calibrating said transconductance gain at least one of after power on, after hardware reset, and after software reset.

62. The method of claim 57 further comprising generating said reference signal using a matched resistor and a current source.