Forming openings in a hydrocarbon containing formation using magnetic tracking

• US 6,991,045 B2
• Filed: 10/24/2002
• Issued: 01/31/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 10/24/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Shell Oil Company (Shell Plc)
• Original Assignee: Shell Oil Company (Shell Plc)
• Inventors: Vinegar, Harold J., Harris, Christopher Kelvin, Pratt, Christopher Arnold, Lepper, Gordon Bruce, Hartmann, Robin Adrianus, Wagner, Randolph Rogers
• Primary Examiner(s): KRECK, JOHN J
• Application Number:
  US10/279,289
• Publication Number:
  US 20030173072A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,195 Days
• Field of Search: 175/45, 175/61, 175/62, 166/66.5, 324/346
• US Class Current: 175/45
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 1/02 Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching , flotation
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 1/06 thermally
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 2101/00 In situ
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 45/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 9/24 by heating with electrical means
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 17/0285 characterised by electrically insulating elements
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/168 Injecting a gaseous medium
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/24 using heat, e.g. steam injection
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/2401 by means of electricity
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/243 Combustion in situ
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/305 comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/0224 using seismic or acoustic means
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/26 operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device with electromagnetic waves G01V3/30
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 30/00 Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 30/40 Ethylene production
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/901 Specified land fill feature, e.g. prevention of ground water fouling
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/0391 Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy

Abstract

A method for forming one or more openings in a hydrocarbon containing formation is described. The method may include forming or providing a first opening in the formation. A plurality of magnets may be provided into the first opening. The plurality of magnets may be positioned along a portion of the first opening. The plurality of magnets may produce a series of magnetic fields along the portion of the first opening. A second opening in the formation may be formed using magnetic tracking of the series of magnetic fields. The second opening may be spaced a desired distance from the first opening. Alternate embodiments include use of an energized conduit to create a magnetic field. Such energized conduit can be used alone or with the plurality of magnets.

Claims

1. A method for forming openings in a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:

forming a first opening in the formation;

providing a plurality of magnets to the first opening, wherein the plurality of magnets is positioned along at least a portion of the first opening, and wherein the plurality of magnets produces a series of magnetic fields along at least the portion of the first opening; and

forming a second opening in the formation using one or more of the series of magnetic fields such that the second opening is spaced at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets comprises a magnetic string.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising using magnetic tracking of one or more of the series of magnetic fields to space the second opening at the approximate desired distance from the first opening.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a magnetometer in the second opening, and one or more of the magnetic fields to space the second opening at the approximate desired distance from the first opening.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a magnetometer and an inclinometer in the second opening, and one or more of the magnetic fields to space the second opening at the approximate desired distance from the first opening.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein magnets of the plurality of magnets comprise aluminum, cobalt, and nickel.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets is positioned in a casing.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets is positioned in a ferromagnetic casing.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets is positioned in a heater casing.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets is positioned in a perforated casing.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of magnets is placed in a conduit.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets comprises at least two junctions of opposing poles of opposite polarity separated by a selected distance.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets comprises at least two junctions of opposing poles of opposite polarity separated by a selected distance, and wherein the selected distance is substantially similar to the desired distance between the first opening and the second opening.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets comprises at least two junctions of opposing poles of opposite polarity separated by a selected distance, and wherein the selected distance is greater than about 1 m and less than about 500 m.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets comprises at least two magnetic segments that are positioned such that opposing poles from each magnetic segment are substantially adjacent to one another, thereby forming a junction of opposing poles.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising moving the plurality of magnets in the first opening to vary at least one magnetic field with time.

17. The method of claim 1, further comprising moving the plurality of magnets in the first opening to allow information to be obtained for increasing a length of the second opening.

18. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a plurality of openings proximate to the first opening.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the first opening is a substantially vertical opening, and wherein the second opening is a substantially horizontal opening that passes the first opening at a selected distance from the first opening and at a selected depth in the formation.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein the first opening comprises a non-ferromagnetic casing.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein the series of the magnetic fields comprise a first magnetic field and a second magnetic field and wherein a strength of the first magnetic field differs from a strength of the second magnetic field.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein the series of the magnetic fields comprise a first magnetic field and a second magnetic field and wherein a strength of the first magnetic field is about the same as a strength of the second magnetic field.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one magnetic field of the series of the magnetic fields comprises a pole strength between about 100 Gauss and about 2000 Gauss.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein the first opening comprises a center opening in a pattern of openings, and further comprising forming a plurality of openings in the pattern of openings proximate to the first opening.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein the first opening comprises a center opening in a pattern of openings, the method further comprising forming a plurality of openings in the pattern of openings proximate to the first opening, and wherein each of the plurality of openings is spaced at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

26. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing at least one heating mechanism in the first opening and at least one heating mechanism in the second opening such that the heating mechanisms can be used to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation.

27. The method of claim 1, wherein a deviation in the spacing between the second opening and the first opening is less than or equal to about ±

1 m.

28. The method of claim 1, wherein a deviation in the spacing between the second opening and the first opening is less than or equal to about ±

0.5 m.

29. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a magnetic field when the plurality of magnets is at a first position, moving the plurality of magnets, measuring a magnetic field when the plurality of magnets is at a second position, and wherein measurements at the two positions are used to calibrate for an effect of other magnetic fields.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein at least two positions comprise positions spaced apart by multiples of L/4, and wherein L is a distance between two junctions of opposing poles in the plurality of magnets.

31. The method of claim 1, wherein a measurement of the series of magnetic fields is taken at two positions separated by L/2 of the plurality of magnets in the first opening to reduce an effect of fixed magnetic fields on a determination of distance between the first opening and the second opening, and wherein L is a distance between two junctions of opposing poles in the plurality of magnets.

32. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets is positioned in a linear array.

33. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets is configured so that the plurality of magnets produces a magnetic field when an electric current is applied to the magnets.

34. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more heaters are placed in at least one of the openings in the formation, and wherein at least one of the heaters can be used in a method comprising:

providing heat from at least one of the heaters to a portion of the formation;

pyrolyzing at least some hydrocarbons in the formation; and

producing a mixture from the formation, wherein the mixture comprises at least some pyrolyzed hydrocarbons.

35. A method for forming openings in a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:

forming a first opening in the formation;

providing a magnetic string to the first opening, wherein the magnetic string is positioned along at least a portion of the first opening, wherein the magnetic string produces two or more magnetic fields, wherein the magnetic string comprises two or more magnetic segments, and wherein at least two magnetic segments are positioned such that opposing poles from each magnetic segment are adjacent to each other, thereby forming a junction of opposing poles; and

forming a second opening in the formation using one or more of the magnetic fields such that the second opening is spaced at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein at least of the one magnetic segments comprises a plurality of magnets.

37. The method of claim 35, further comprising using magnetic tracking of one or more of the series of magnetic fields to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

38. The method of claim 35, further comprising using a magnetometer in the second opening, and one or more of the magnetic fields, to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

39. The method of claim 35, further comprising using a magnetometer and an inclinometer in the second opening, and one or more of the magnetic fields, to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

40. The method of claim 35, wherein at least one magnetic segment comprises a plurality of Alnico magnets.

41. The method of claim 35, wherein at least one of the magnetic segments comprises a plurality of magnets, and wherein at least one of the magnetic segments has one effective north pole and one effective south pole.

42. The method of claim 35, wherein a distance between two junctions of opposing poles with opposite polarity is substantially similar to the desired distance between the first opening and the second opening.

43. The method of claim 35, wherein a distance between two junctions of opposing poles with opposite polarity is greater than about 1 m and less than about 500 m.

44. The method of claim 35, further comprising moving the magnetic string in the first opening.

45. The method of claim 35, further comprising moving the magnetic string in the first opening such that at least one of the magnetic fields varies with time.

46. The method of claim 35, further comprising moving the magnetic string in the first opening to increase a length of the second opening.

47. The method of claim 35, further comprising forming a plurality of openings proximate to the first opening.

48. The method of claim 35, wherein the first opening is a substantially vertical opening, and wherein the second opening is a substantially horizontal opening that passes the first opening at a selected distance from the first opening and at a selected depth in the formation.

49. The method of claim 35, wherein the first opening comprises a non-ferromagnetic casing.

50. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic fields comprise a series of magnetic fields, and wherein a strength of a first magnetic field of the series of magnetic fields differs from a strength of a second magnetic field of the series of magnetic fields.

51. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic fields comprise a series of magnetic fields, and wherein a strength of a first magnetic field of the series of magnetic fields is about the same as a strength of a second magnetic field of the series of magnetic fields.

52. The method of claim 35, wherein the first opening comprises a center opening in a pattern of openings, the method further comprising forming a plurality of openings in the pattern of openings proximate to the first opening.

53. The method of claim 35, wherein the first opening comprises a center opening in a pattern of openings, the method further comprising forming a plurality of openings in the pattern of openings proximate to the first opening, and wherein each of the plurality of openings is spaced at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

54. The method of claim 35, further comprising providing at least one heating mechanism in the first opening and at least one heating mechanism in the second opening such that the heating mechanisms can be used to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation.

55. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic string is positioned in a conduit.

56. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic string is positioned in a conduit, and wherein the conduit comprises non-magnetic material.

57. The method of claim 35, wherein at least two magnetic segments comprising the junction of opposing poles are positioned in a section of conduit, wherein the section of conduit is coupled to at least one other section of conduit, and at least the one other section of conduct comprises at least two magnetic segments comprising opposing poles to produce a junction of opposing poles, and wherein the junction of opposing poles of at least the one other section of conduit comprises an opposite polarity of the junction of opposing poles of the section of conduit.

58. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic string is positioned in a casing.

59. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic string is positioned in a heater casing.

60. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic string is positioned in a ferromagnetic casing.

61. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic string is positioned in a linear array.

62. The method of claim 35, wherein a deviation in the spacing between the second opening and the first opening is less than or equal to about ±

1 m.

63. The method of claim 35, wherein a deviation in the spacing between the second opening and the first opening is less than or equal to about ±

0.5 m.

64. The method of claim 35, further comprising measuring a magnetic field when the magnetic string is at a first position, moving the magnetic string, measuring a magnetic field when the magnetic string is at a second position, and wherein measurements at the two positions are used to calibrate for an effect of other magnetic fields.

65. The method of claim 64, wherein the at least two positions comprise positions spaced apart by multiples of L/4, and wherein L is a distance between two junctions of opposing poles in the magnetic string.

66. The method of claim 35, wherein a measurement of the series of magnetic fields is taken at two positions separated by L/2 of the magnetic string in the first opening to reduce an effect of fixed magnetic fields on a determination of distance between the first opening and the second opening, and wherein L is a distance between two junctions of opposing poles in the magnetic string.

67. The method of claim 35, wherein the magnetic string is configured so that the magnetic string produces a magnetic field when an electric current is applied to the magnetic string.

68. The method of claim 35, wherein at least one heater is placed in at least one opening in the formation, and wherein the heater can be used in a method comprising:

providing heat from the at least one heater to a portion of the formation;

pyrolyzing at least some hydrocarbons in the formation; and

producing a mixture from the formation, wherein the mixture comprises at least some pyrolyzed hydrocarbons.

69. A method for forming more than one wellbore in a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:

forming a first wellbore in a formation;

placing a magnetic string in the first wellbore, wherein the magnetic string produces two or more magnetic fields in a portion of the formation;

forming a first set of one or more wellbores proximate to the first wellbore using, at least in part, one or more magnetic fields produced by the magnetic string;

moving the magnetic string from the first wellbore to a wellbore in the first set of one or more wellbores; and

forming a second set of one or more wellbores proximate to the wellbore with the magnetic string.

72. The method of claim 69, further comprising forming a third set of one or more wellbores proximate to a wellbore in the second set of one or more wellbores using, at least in part, the magnetic string, wherein the magnetic string has been moved to the wellbore in the second set of one or more wellbores.

73. The method of claim 69, further comprising using magnetic tracking of two or more magnetic fields to space a wellbore being formed at an approximate desired distance from the first wellbore.

74. The method of claim 69, further comprising using a magnetometer in a wellbore being formed, and at least one magnetic field, to space such wellbore being formed at an approximate desired distance from the first wellbore.

75. The method of claim 69, further comprising using a magnetometer and an inclinometer in a wellbore being formed, and at least one magnetic field, to space such wellbore being formed at an approximate desired distance from the first wellbore.

76. The method of claim 69, further comprising forming a pattern of wellbores in the hydrocarbon containing formation.

77. The method of claim 69, wherein at least one heater is placed in at least one wellbore in the formation, and wherein the heater can be used in a method comprising:

providing heat from the at least one heater to a portion of the formation;

pyrolyzing at least some hydrocarbons in the formation; and

producing a mixture from the formation, wherein the mixture comprises at least some pyrolyzed hydrocarbons.

70. A method for forming one or more openings below the earth'"'"'s surface, comprising:

forming a first opening in the earth'"'"'s surface;

providing two or more movable permanent longitudinal magnets in the first opening, wherein each movable permanent longitudinal magnet has a north pole and a south pole, and wherein a longitudinal axis of each magnet is substantially parallel or coaxial with a longitudinal axis of the portion of the first opening that is proximate to the movable permanent longitudinal magnets; and

forming a second opening in the formation using information obtained by detection of one or more magnetic fields produced by the magnet such that the second opening is spaced at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

78. The method of claim 70, further comprising using magnetic tracking of one or more of the magnetic fields to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

79. The method of claim 70, further comprising using a magnetometer in the second opening, and one or more of the magnetic fields, to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

80. The method of claim 70, further comprising using a magnetometer and an inclinometer in the second opening, and one or more of the magnetic fields, to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

81. The method of claim 70, further comprising forming a plurality of openings proximate to the first opening.

82. The method of claim 70, further comprising providing at least one heating mechanism in the first opening and at least one heating mechanism in the second opening such that the heating mechanisms can be used to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation.

83. The method of claim 70, wherein at least one movable permanent longitudinal magnet is positioned in a linear array.

84. The method of claim 70, wherein at least one heater is placed in at least one opening in the formation, and wherein the heater can be used in a method comprising:

providing heat from the at least one heater to a portion of the formation;

pyrolyzing at least some hydrocarbons in the formation; and

producing a mixture from the formation, wherein the mixture comprises at least some pyrolyzed hydrocarbons.

71. A method for forming one or more openings below the earth'"'"'s surface, comprising:

forming a first opening below the earth'"'"'s surface;

providing a conduit in the first opening, wherein the conduit is positioned along at least a portion of the first opening;

providing an electric current to the conduit to produce a magnetic field along at least a portion of the conduit;

adjusting the amount of electrical current provided to the conduit to alter the strength of the magnetic field; and

forming a second opening below the earth'"'"'s surface using the magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field is used such that the second opening is spaced at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

85. The method of claim 71, wherein the first opening and the second opening are formed in a hydrocarbon containing formation.

86. The method of claim 71, wherein the first opening comprises a first end at a first surface location and a second end at a second surface location.

87. The method of claim 71, further comprising using magnetic tracking of the magnetic field to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

88. The method of claim 71, further comprising using a magnetometer in the second opening, and the magnetic field, to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

89. The method of claim 71, further comprising using a magnetometer and an inclinometer in the second opening, and the magnetic field, to space the second opening at an approximate desired distance from the first opening.

90. The method of claim 71, wherein the conduit is configured to propagate the electric current and, in addition, serve as a barrier in the first opening, or serve to conduct one or more fluids in the first opening.