Self-orienting watermarks

• US 6,993,153 B2
• Filed: 09/23/2003
• Issued: 01/31/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Bradley, Brett A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mehta, Bhavesh M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DESIRE, GREGORY M
• Application Number:
  US10/669,310
• Publication Number:
  US 20040057598A1
• Time in Patent Office: 861 Days
• Field of Search: 156/378, 358/475, 380/232, 380/28, 380/31, 380/38, 380/54, 382/100, 382/112, 382/115, 382/135, 382/212, 382/232
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0064 Geometric transfor invariant watermarking, e.g. affine transform invariant
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32203 Spatial or amplitude domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32352 Controlling detectability or arrangements to facilitate detection or retrieval of the embedded information, e.g. using markers for decoding, detection or retrieval operations H04N1/32149 and subgroups take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/467 characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark

Abstract

A watermarking method converts a watermark message into a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) signal and embeds the FSK signal in a host signal. The spectral properties of the FSK watermark signal facilitate its detection, even in applications where the watermarked signal is corrupted. Because of these properties, the FSK watermark signal can perform the dual function of identifying the watermark'"'"'s presence and orientation in potentially corrupted media, and also conveying a hidden message in the host signal. Such a watermark may be referred to as a self-orienting watermark.

Claims

1. A method of embedding a digital watermark in a host signal comprising:

converting a message into a digital watermark signal having an attribute that orients the watermark in the host signal, wherein said converting modulates the message using shift key modulation and the attribute is at least one frequency of the shift key modulated signal; and

applying the watermark signal to the host signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein a message is encoded by converting symbols of the message into signals at selected FSK signaling frequencies.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said converting includes modulating with a carrier that varies with the host signal.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the digital watermark signal varies based on an extent to which selected host signal samples have a property consistent with the digital watermark to be embedded at the selected host signal samples.

5. A computer readable medium on which is stored instructions for executing the method of claim 1.

6. A method of embedding a digital watermark in audio comprising:

converting a message into a digital watermark signal having an attribute that orients the watermark in the audio, the converting encoding the message in a carrier, including using shift key modulation to form a modulated signal, and the attribute is spectral attribute of the modulated signal; and

embedding the modulated signal in the audio by modifying the host according to the modulated signal.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the modulated signal comprises a one dimensional signal that varies over a time dimension.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the modulated signal is redundantly encoded in different parts of the audio.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the watermark has two or more modulated signal components, each carrying a different message.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein the message is comprised of two or more symbols, and the symbols are converted to signals at a selected signaling frequency.

11. A method of embedding a digital watermark in a host signal comprising:

converting a message into a digital watermark signal having an attribute that orients the watermark in the host signal, wherein said converting modulates the message with shift key modulation and the attribute is a spectral property of the modulated signal; and

applying the watermark signal to the host signal.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the spectral property facilitates detection of the scale of the watermark in the host signal.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the modulated signal has two or more components, each with a phase offset that facilitates detection of the position of the watermark in the host signal.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein the modulated signal has two or more components, each with a selected signaling frequency, the components being arranged in the host signal so that the signaling frequencies facilitate detection of the position of the watermark in the host signal.

15. A method of decoding a digital watermark in a host signal, wherein the watermark comprises a modulated signal, and wherein the watermark includes a message that is encoded by modulating symbols onto a carrier signal, said method comprising:

using a relationship of spectral attributes of the watermark to determine orientation of the watermark in a host signal, the spectral attributes being used to determine orientation and to carry a message; and

decoding the watermark.

16. The method of claim 15 including:

reading a message encoded in the watermark.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the attribute is a signaling frequency.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the signaling frequency facilitates detection of scale of the watermark in the host signal.

19. The method of claim 15 wherein the host signal is an audio signal.

20. The method of claim 15 wherein modulating symbols on the carrier comprises shift key modulation.