Controller and control method for a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain

• US 6,994,360 B2
• Filed: 09/22/2003
• Issued: 02/07/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 09/22/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Mack, David, Kuang, Ming Lang, Anthony, Joseph W., Ochocinski, Christopher A.
• Primary Examiner(s): FISCHMANN, BRYAN R
• Application Number:
  US10/605,313
• Publication Number:
  US 20050061564A1
• Time in Patent Office: 869 Days
• Field of Search: 180 652- 654, 477/2, 477/3, 475/5, 322 14- 16
• US Class Current: 180/65.235
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/02 comprising more than one electric motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/365 with the gears having orbital motion
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/445 Differential gearing distribution type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/441 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/115 with planetary gears
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/13 in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0638 Engine speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/10 Longitudinal speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/1884 Avoiding stall or overspeed of the engine
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/91 Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/93 Conjoint control of different elements

Abstract

A parallel hybrid electric vehicle powertrain and control method wherein an internal combustion engine and an electric motor system define a split power operating mode, a generator drive mode and a parallel power mode. Provision is made, when the motor is inoperable, for preventing discharge of a battery in the electric motor system when the battery state-of-charge is low and for delivering power from the battery when the battery state-of-charge is greater than a predetermined value.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain having an internal combustion engine, a battery, an electric generator, an electric motor and a geared transmission, the geared transmission establishing a torque flow path from the engine to a torque output shaft, the method comprising the steps of:

determining desired input torque, vehicle speed and the state-of-charge of the battery;

determining whether the state-of-charge is less than a predetermined high value above which charging of the battery is not allowable;

determining whether the state-of-charge is greater than a predetermined target value;

operating the powertrain in a positive split mode when the state-of-charge is less than the high value and greater than the target value; and

operating the powertrain in a generator drive mode with the engine off when the state-of-charge is greater than the high value.

2. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the powertrain is operated in the positive split mode when the vehicle speed is less than a predetermined value and the state-of-charge is less than the target value.

3. The method set forth in claim 2, wherein the powertrain is operated in the generator drive mode when the state-of-charge is higher than the high value.

4. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the powertrain is operated in the positive split mode when the vehicle speed is greater than a maximum value and the state-of-charge is less than the target value and in a parallel power mode when the state-of-charge is greater than the target value;

the generator being braked to condition the powertrain for parallel operating mode.

5. The method set forth in claim 4, wherein the powertrain is operated in the parallel operating mode when the state-of-charge is greater than the target value.

6. The method set forth in claim 5 wherein, during operation in the parallel operating mode, the desired engine torque=K₁*τ

_driver and ω

_e=V_veh/K₁, where;

K₁=gear ratio from engine to driver wheels

τ

_driver=driver'"'"'s torque demand

τ

_e=desired engine torque

ω

_e=desired engine speed, and

V_veh=vehicle speed.

7. The method set forth in claim 6, wherein the powertrain is operated in the generator drive mode when the state-of-charge is greater than the high value.

8. The method set forth in claim 7 wherein, during operation in the generator drive mode, the desired generator torque=τ

_g=K₂*τ

driver

where;

τ

_g=desired generator torque

K₂=gear ratio from generator to vehicle wheels

τ

_driver=driver'"'"'s torque demand.

9. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the powertrain is operated in the positive split mode when the vehicle speed is less than a maximum value and greater than a minimum value and the state-of-charge is less than the target value.

10. The method set forth in claim 9 wherein, during operation in the positive power-split mode, the desired engine torque=K₁*τ

_driver and ω

_e=V_veh/K₁+P_batt/τ

_e,

where;

K₁=gear ratio from engine to driven wheels

τ

_driver=driver'"'"'s torque demand

τ

_e=desired engine torque

ω

_e=desired engine speed

P_batt=battery required charging power, and

V_veh=vehicle speed.

11. A powertrain control system for a hybrid electric vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine, a battery, an electric generator, an electric motor and planetary gearing;

the planetary gearing including a sun gear connected to the generator, a ring gear drivably connected to a torque output shaft, and a planetary carrier connected to the engine;

a first brake for preventing rotation of the generator to condition the powertrain for a parallel operating power mode;

a second brake for preventing rotation of the planetary carrier to condition the powertrain for operation in a generator drive mode;

the generator being electrically coupled to the motor and the battery and the motor being drivably connected to the torque output shaft; and

a vehicle powertrain controller for detecting the state-of-charge of the battery and the vehicle speed;

the controller setting the powertrain for parallel power operating mode when the state-of-charge is greater than a target value and the vehicle speed is less than a maximum value;

the controller setting the powertrain for operation in generator drive mode when the state-of-charge is greater than a predetermined high value and the vehicle speed is less than the maximum value.

12. The powertrain control system set forth in claim 11, wherein the planetary gearing establishes multiple power flow paths from the engine to the torque output shaft, one power flow path being mechanical as the generator establishes a reaction torque on the sun gear and another power flow path being electromechanical as electrical power is transmitted from the generator to the motor, thereby conditioning the powertrain for operation in a positive split power mode.