Parallel semicontinuous or continuous reactors
First Claim
1. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous, pressure reactor comprisinga reactor block comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels being pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 50 psig, four or more shaft-driven impellers corresponding to the four or more reaction vessels for stirring the reaction mixtures, and at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, such that one or more liquid reagents can be selectively fed from the one or more source vessels to each of the four or more reaction vessels during a reaction under reaction conditions.
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Abstract
Parallel semi-continuous or continuous reactors are disclosed. The parallel reactors preferably comprise four or more reaction vessels. The reaction vessels are preferably small volume reaction vessels, preferably pressure reaction vessels, and/or preferably integral with a common reactor block. The reaction vessels can comprise shaft-driven stirrers. At least two, preferably at least three or at least four liquid feed lines can provide selective fluid communication between each of the reaction vessels and one or more liquid reagent sources. Additional features, suitable in connection with parallel reactors or with single reaction vessels are also disclosed.
261 Citations
67 Claims
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1. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous, pressure reactor comprising
a reactor block comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels being pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 50 psig, four or more shaft-driven impellers corresponding to the four or more reaction vessels for stirring the reaction mixtures, and at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, such that one or more liquid reagents can be selectively fed from the one or more source vessels to each of the four or more reaction vessels during a reaction under reaction conditions.
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2. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous, pressure reactor comprising
four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels having a volume of not more than about 1 liter, and being pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 50 psig, four or more shaft-driven impellers corresponding to the four or more reaction vessels for stirring the reaction mixtures, and at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, such that one or more liquid reagents can be selectively fed from the one or more source vessels to each of the four or more reaction vessels during a reaction under reaction conditions.
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3. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous, pressure reactor comprising
four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels being pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 50 psig, at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, such that one or more liquid reagents can be selectively fed from the one or more source vessels to each of the four or more reaction vessels during a reaction under reaction conditions, at least one feed-pressurization station pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 50 psig, at least a portion of each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in selectable fluid communication with the at least one feed-pressurization station, such that said portion of each of the at least four liquid feed lines can be selectively pressurized prior to feeding the one or more liquid reagents to the four or more reaction vessels.
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53. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous, pressure reactor comprising
a reactor block comprising a base block and a header block, the base block comprising eight or more wells, each of the eight or more wells containing a removable reaction vessel for containing a liquid reaction mixture, the reaction vessels having a volume of not more than about 1 liter, the header block being removably positioned over the base block for access to the reaction vessels and for forming eight or more pressurizable reaction cavities that include the eight or more wells containing the reaction vessels, the reaction cavities being pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 100 psig, eight or more shaft-driven impellers corresponding to the eight or more reaction vessels for stirring the reaction mixtures, the eight or more shaft-driven impellers being supported by the header block, at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the eight or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, and eight or more modular feed-line subassemblies releasably received in receiving ports in the header block, each of the eight or more feed-line subassemblies being adapted to sealingly support the at least four liquid feed lines feeding a respective reaction vessel.
- 55. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous reactor comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels is hermetically sealable and has volume of not more than about 1 liter, at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, four or more modular feed-line subassemblies releasably received in receiving ports in the reaction vessels or in a reactor block that defines or contains the reaction vessels, each of the four or more feed-line subassemblies supporting two or more of the at least four liquid feed lines feeding a respective reaction vessel.
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56. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous reactor comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels is hermetically sealable and has a volume of not more than about 1 liter, at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines comprising at least a first section and a second section in fluid communication with each other, the second section being releasable with respect to the first section and having a distal end positioned within a respective one of the reaction vessels.
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57. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous reactor comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels is hermetically sealable and has a volume of not more than about 1 liter, at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines having a distal end positioned within the reaction vessel, the distal end of one or more of the liquid feed lines being positioned lower in the reaction vessel relative to the distal end of one or more other of the liquid feed lines.
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58. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous reactor comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels is hermetically sealable and has a volume of not more than about 1 liter, at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, one or more of the at least four liquid feed lines having an inside diameter or cross-sectional flow area that differs from the inside diameter or cross-sectional flow area for another of the at least four liquid feed lines.
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65. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous, pressure reactor comprising
a reactor block comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels being pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 50 psig, four or more shaft-driven impellers corresponding to the four or more reaction vessels for stirring the reaction mixtures, and at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, such that one or more liquid reagents can be selectively fed from the one or more source vessels to each of the four or more reaction vessels during a reaction under reaction conditions, wherein the at least four liquid feed lines are provided to each of the four more reaction vessels through one or more ferrules, the reactor block further comprising four or more receiving ports adapted to receive a respective one of the ferrules, each of the receiving ports being in fluid communication with a respective one of the reaction vessels, each of the one or more ferrules comprises a first interior end for insertion into the corresponding receiving port in the reactor block, a second exterior end substantially opposing the first interior end, four or more internal apertures extending from the first interior end to the second exterior end for supporting the at least four liquid feed lines passing into a respective one of the reaction vessels, the four or more internal apertures of the ferrule being adapted to sealingly support the at least four liquid feed lines when the ferrule is engaged with the receiving port, an external side surface including a tapered portion, the tapered portion having a smaller cross-section at positions closer to the first interior end relative to positions farther from the first interior end, the tapered portion being configured to correspond to a tapered surface defining a portion of the receiving port, and a fastener for releasably engaging at least the tapered portion of the ferrule with the corresponding tapered surface of the receiving port.
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66. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous, pressure reactor comprising
a reactor block comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels being pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 50 psig, four or more shaft-driven impellers corresponding to the four or more reaction vessels for stirring the reaction mixtures, and at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, such that one or more liquid reagents can be selectively fed from the one or more source vessels to each of the four or more reaction vessels during a reaction under reaction conditions, wherein each of the four or more reaction vessels is defined by or contained in a lower portion of a reaction cavity in the reactor block, wherein the lower portion of the reaction cavity has a substantially circular cross section, taken radially, the reaction cavity being further defined by an upper portion in the reactor block, wherein the upper portion of the reaction cavity has a substantially oval cross section, taken radially, the upper portion of the reaction cavity having a larger cross section, taken radially, relative to the lower portion, and the reaction cavity being sized such that two or more of the at least four liquid feed lines can be passed through the upper portion to the lower portion of the reaction cavity.
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67. A parallel, semi-continuous or continuous, pressure reactor comprising
a reactor block comprising four or more semi-continuous or continuous reaction vessels for containing liquid reaction mixtures, each of the four or more reaction vessels being pressurizable to a pressure of not less than about 50 psig, four or more shaft-driven impellers corresponding to the four or more reaction vessels for stirring the reaction mixtures, and at least four liquid feed lines in selectable fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels, each of the at least four liquid feed lines being in fluid communication with one or more liquid reagent source vessels, such that one or more liquid reagents can be selectively fed from the one or more source vessels to each of the four or more reaction vessels during a reaction under reaction conditions, wherein each of the least four liquid feed lines in fluid communication with each of the four or more reaction vessels comprises at least a first section and a second section in fluid communication with each other, the second section being releasable with respect to the first section and having a distal end positioned within the reaction vessel, and wherein the first section comprises a polymer capillary and the second section comprises a stainless steel capillary.
Specification