System and method for remote quantitative detection of fluid leaks from a natural gas or oil pipeline

• US 6,995,846 B2
• Filed: 10/06/2004
• Issued: 02/07/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/2003
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Harris Corporation (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: ITT Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. (ITT, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kalayeh, Hooshmand M., Spoonhower, John P., Paz-Pujalt, Gustavo R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lauchman, Layla G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Sang H.
• Application Number:
  US10/959,363
• Publication Number:
  US 20050134859A1
• Time in Patent Office: 489 Days
• Field of Search: 356432-444, 250/338.1, 250/338.5, 250/339.1, 250/339.11, 733/350.1, 73/405.A, 735/92
• US Class Current: 356/437
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 3/38 by using light G01M3/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1793 Remote sensing
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1797 in landscape, e.g. crops
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/394 DIAL method
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/31 Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry G01N21/72 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3504 for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/39 using tunable lasers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0047 Organic compounds

Abstract

A system for remote quantitative detection of fluid leaks from a natural gas or oil pipeline by use of an airborne platform; including at least one laser light source for nearly simultaneous illuminating two or more target fluids and a background, wherein the two or more target fluids are characterized by two or more absorption wavelengths, and wherein the background has a different wavelength than either of the two or more target fluids. The illumination source is pointed based on a positioning system while in a geometric area along a path two or more target fluids are scanned for using the illumination sources. A signal detector detects the two or more target fluids using quantitative signal processing. Also included are a controller, a path planning and path finding tool for the positioning of the airborne platform, and a communicator for communicating the presence of the detected leak.

Claims

1. A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system for remote detection of fluid leaks from a natural gas or oil pipeline by use of an airborne plafform comprising:

a) at least two separate online laser light sources for simultaneously illuminating substantially a target area of two or more target fluids and a separate offline laser light source for illuminating a target background, wherein the two or more target fluids includes two or more online absorption wavelengths, and the background target includes an offline non-absorption wavelength, the offline non-absorption wavelength being a different wavelength than either of the two or more online absorption wavelengths;

b) means for separately generating and changing, for each of the light sources, a selected wavelength corresponding to each of the two or more target fluids and the background;

c) means for pointing the laser light sources based on a positioning system;

d) means for scanning the laser light sources in a geometric area along a path;

e) means for simultaneously measuring the two or more target fluids'"'"' concentration path-length, using a relationship of a ratio between (1) a normalized returned offline laser signal and (2) each of a normalized returned online laser signal;

f) means for path planning and path finding for positioning of the airborne platform; and

g) means for communicating presence of a detected leak from the natural gas or oil pipeline.

2. The system claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more target fluids are hydrocarbon gases.

3. The system claimed in claim 2, wherein the hydrocarbon gases are methane, ethane, or methane and ethane.

4. A method for remote detection of fluid leaks from a natural gas or oil pipeline by use of a DIAL system in an airborne platform comprising:

a) illuminating simultaneously a target area of e-two or more target fluids and a target background with at least two separate online laser light sources and a separate offline laserlight source, respectively, wherein the two or more target fluids include two or more online absorption wavelengths, and the target background includes an offline non-absorption wavelength being a different wavelength than either of the two or more online absorption wavelengths;

b) generating and changing, separately for each of the light sources, a selected wavelength corresponding to the two or more target fluids and the target background;

c) pointing the light sources based on a positioning system;

d) scanning a geometric area along a path using the light sources;

e) detecting the two or more target fluids and the target background using quantitative signal processing, and simultaneously measuring the two or more target fluids'"'"' concentration path-length, using a relationship of a ratio between (1) a normalized returned offline laser signal and (2) each of a normalized returned online laser signal;

f) positioning the airborne platform using path planning and path finding means; and

g) communicating presence of a detected leak from the natural gas or oil pipeline.

5. The method claimed in claim 4, wherein one or more target fluids are hydrocarbon gases.

6. The method claimed in claim 5, wherein the hydrocarbon gases are methane, ethane, or methane and ethane.

7. A DIAL system for remote detection of fluid leaks from a natural gas or oil pipeline by use of an airborne platform comprising:

a) two or more separate laser light sources for simultaneously illuminating a target area of two or more target fluids and a separate laser light source for simultaneously illuminating a target background;

b) means for selecting two or more online wavelengths corresponding to absorption wavelengths of the two or more target fluids and one offline wave-length corresponding to a non-absorption wavelength of the background, wherein the background has a different wavelength than either of the two or more target fluids;

c) means for generating and changing, separately for each of the light sources, a selected wavelength corresponding to each of the two or more target fluids and the background;

d) means for pointing the light sources based on a positioning system;

e) means for scanning a geometric area along a path using the light sources;

f) means for signal detection and measuring characteristics of the two or more target fluids and the background, wherein means for measuring includes simultaneously measuring the two or more target fluids'"'"' concentration path-length, using a relationship of a ratio between (1) a normalized returned offline laser signal and (2) each of a normalized returned online laser signal;

g) signal processing means for remote quantitative processing of the two or more target fluids;

h) means for path planning and path finding for positioning of the airborne plafform; and

i) means for communicating presence of a detected leak from the natural gas or oil pipeline.

8. The system claimed in claim 7, including a controller for individually controlling intensity of each of the light sources.

9. The system claimed in claim 7, wherein one or more target fluids are hydrocarbon gases.

10. The system claimed in claim 9, wherein the hydrocarbon gases are methane, ethane, or methane and ethane.

11. A system for remote quantitative real time detection of fluids by use of an airborne platform comprising:

a) at least three laser light sources for nearly simultaneous illumination of a same target area of two or more target fluids and a target background, wherein the two or more target fluids are characterized by two or more absorption wavelengths, and the target background has a non-absorption wavelength, which is a different wavelength than either of the two or more target fluids;

b) means for generating and dynamically changing, in real time, for each of the light sources, a selected wavelength corresponding to the two or more target fluids over a range of wavelengths;

c) means for positioning the light sources based on a positioning system;

d) means for scanning for the two or more target fluids in a geometric area along a path using the light sources;

e) means for real time signal detection and quantitative processing of the two or more target fluids;

f) real time signal processing means for simultaneously measuring the two or more target fluids'"'"' concentration path-length, using a relationship of a ratio between (1) a normalized returned offline laser signal and (2) each of a normalized returned online laser signal;

g) means for path planning and path finding for positioning of the airborne platform; and

h) means for communicating presence of the detected fluids.

12. The system claimed in claim 11, wherein the system is tunable for detection of hydrocarbon gases.

13. A method for remote quantitative detection of fluids by use of an airborne platform comprising:

a) nearly simultaneously illuminating a same target area of two or more target fluids and a target background with at least three laser light sources, wherein the two or more target fluids are characterized by two or more absorption wavelengths, and the background has a different wavelength than either of the two or more target fluids;

b) pointing the light sources relative to a positioning system;

c) scanning for the two or more target fluids in a geometric area along a path using the light sources;

d) detecting the two or more target fluids in real time using quantitative real time signal processing, and simultaneously measuring the two or more target fluids'"'"' concentration path-length, using a relationship of a ratio between (1) a normalized returned offline laser signal and (2) each of a normalized returned online laser signal;

e) generating and dynamically changing, in real time, for each of the light sources, a selected wavelength corresponding to the two or more target fluids over a range of wavelengths;

f) positioning of the airborne platform using path planning and path finding means; and

g) communicating presence of the detected fluid.

14. The method claimed in claim 13, further comprising the step of tuning the illumination source for detection of hydrocarbon gases.

15. A method for remote quantitative detection of fluids by use of an airborne platform comprising:

a) nearly simultaneously illuminating a same target area of two or more target fluids and a target background with at least three laser light sources, wherein the two or more target fluids are characterized by two or more absorption wavelengths, and the target background has a different wavelength than either of the two or more target fluids;

b) pointing the light sources relative to a positioning system;

c) scanning for the two or more target fluids in a geometric area along a path using the light sources;

d) receiving supplemental target information from a source;

e) detecting the two or more target fluids in real time using quantitative real time signal processing and simultaneously measuring the two or more target fluids'"'"' concentration path-length, usinq a relationship of a ratio between (1) a normalized returned offline laser signal and (2) each of a normalized returned online laser signal;

f) generating and dynamically changing, in real time, for each of the light sources, based upon the supplemental target information, a selected wavelength corresponding to the two or more target fluids over a range of wavelengths;

g) positioning of the airborne plafform using path planning and path finding means; and

h) communicating presence of the detected fluid.