Application portability and extensibility through database schema and query abstraction

• US 6,996,558 B2
• Filed: 02/26/2002
• Issued: 02/07/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 02/26/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Workday Incorporated
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Stevens, Richard Joseph, Dettinger, Richard Dean, Johnson, Peter John, Will, Eric, Tong, Ikhua
• Primary Examiner(s): Wassum, Luke S
• Assistant Examiner(s): Liang, Gwen
• Application Number:
  US10/083,075
• Publication Number:
  US 20030172056A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,442 Days
• Field of Search: 707/4, 707/102, 707/5, 707/10, 707/1, 707/100, 707/3, 707/103.R, 707/104.1, 707/8
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/2423 Interactive query statement specification based on a database schema
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/2428 Query predicate definition using graphical user interfaces, including menus and forms G06F16/2423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99934 Query formulation, input preparation, or translation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99943 Generating database or data structure, e.g. via user interface

Abstract

The present invention generally is directed to a system, method and article of manufacture for accessing data independent of the particular manner in which the data is physically represented. In one embodiment, a data repository abstraction layer provides a logical view of the underlying data repository that is independent of the particular manner of data representation. A query abstraction layer is also provided and is based on the data repository abstraction layer. A runtime component performs translation of an abstract query into a form that can be used against a particular physical data representation.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method of providing access to data having a particular physical data representation, comprising:

providing a plurality of logical field definitions, each of the definitions comprising a logical field name, at least one location attribute identifying a location of physical data corresponding to the logical field name, and a reference to an access method selected from at least two different access method types;

wherein each of the different access method types defines a different manner of exposing the physical data corresponding to the logical field name of the respective logical field definition; and

providing, for a requesting entity, a query specification defining an interface to the plurality of logical field definitions thereby allowing abstract queries to be composed on the basis of the plurality of logical field definitions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein a first access method type is a simple access method defining a direct relationship between physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition;

and wherein a second access method type is a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the access method types comprise a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the access method types comprise a composed access method defining an expression applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein application of the expression produces values different from the physical data to which the expression is applied.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of logical field definitions are defined within a single markup language documents.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the abstract query comprises:

at least one selection criterion specifying at least one condition defined on the basis of the one or more of the plurality of logical field definitions; and

a result specification specifying one or more of the plurality of logical field definitions to be returned as results for each of the abstract queries.

7. A computer-implemented method of accessing physical data having a particular physical data representation, comprising:

issuing an abstract query by a requesting entity according to a query specification of the requesting entity;

wherein the query specification defines an interface to a data abstraction model defining a plurality of logical field definitions mapping logical fields to the physical data and wherein the abstract query is composed on the basis of the plurality of logical field definitions; and

transforming the abstract query into a query consistent with the particular physical data representation according to the data abstraction model depending on which of the plurality of logical fields definitions are referenced by the abstract query, wherein each of the logical field definitions comprises a logical field name, at least one location attribute identifying a location of physical data corresponding to the logical field name, and a reference to an access method selected from at least two different access method types;

wherein each of the different access method types defines a different manner of exposing the physical data corresponding to the logical field name of the respective logical field definition.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein a first access method type is a simple access method defining a direct relationship between physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition;

and wherein a second access method type is a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the access method types comprise a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the access method types comprise a composed access method defining an expression applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein application of the expression produces values different from the physical data to which the expression is applied.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the abstract query comprises:

at least one selection criterion specifying at least one condition defined on the basis of the one or more of the plurality of logical field definitions; and

a result specification specifying one or more of the plurality of logical field definitions to be returned as results for the abstract query.

12. A computer-readable medium containing a program which, when executed by a processor, performs an operation of providing access to data having a particular physical data representation, the program comprising:

a data abstraction model comprising a plurality of logical field definitions each mapping to different elements of the data, wherein each of the logical field definitions comprises a logical field name, at least one location attribute identifying a location of physical data corresponding to the logical field name, and a reference to an access method selected from at least two different access method types, and wherein each of the different access method types defines a different manner of exposing the physical data corresponding to the logical field name of the respective logical field definition, wherein the data abstraction model is configured to be referenced by a requesting entity to compose abstract queries on the basis of the plurality of logical field definitions.

13. The computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein a first access method type is a simple access method defining a direct relationship between physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition;

and wherein a second access, method type is a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

14. The computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the access method types comprise a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

15. The computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the access method types comprise a composed access method defining an expression applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein application of the expression produces values different from the physical data to which the expression is applied.

16. The computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the program further comprises a runtime component configured to:

transform an abstract query, received from the requesting entity, into a query consistent with the particular physical data representation and according to the data abstraction model depending on which of the plurality of logical fields definitions are referenced by the abstract query.

17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the plurality of logical field definitions are defined within a single extensible markup language (XML) document.

18. A computer-readable medium containing a program which, when executed by a processor, performs an operation of accessing data having a particular physical data representation, the operation comprising:

receiving an abstract query by a requesting entity according to a query specification of the requesting entity;

wherein the query specification defines an interface to a data abstraction model defining a plurality of logical field definitions mapping logical fields to the physical data and wherein the abstract query is composed on the basis of the plurality of logical field definitions; and

transforming the abstract query into a query consistent with the particular physical data representation according to the data abstraction model depending on which of the plurality of logical fields definitions are referenced by the abstract query, wherein each of the logical field definitions comprises a logical field name, at least one location attribute identifying a location of physical data corresponding to the logical field name, and a reference to an access method selected from at least two different access method types;

wherein each of the different access method types defines a different manner of exposing the physical data corresponding to the logical field name of the respective logical field definition.

19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein a first access method type is a simple access method defining a direct relationship between physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition;

and wherein a second access method type is a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

20. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the access method types comprise a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

21. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the access method types comprise a composed access method defining an expression applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein application of the expression produces values different from the physical data to which the expression is applied.

22. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the abstract query comprises:

at least one selection criterion specifying at least one condition defined on the basis of the one or more of the plurality of logical field definitions; and

a result specification specifying one or more of the plurality of logical field definitions to be returned as results for the abstract query.

23. A computer, comprising:

a memory containing at least;

(i) a data abstraction model which maps logical fields to physical data organized according to a particular data representation, the data abstraction model comprising a plurality of logical field definitions each mapping to different elements of the data;

wherein each of the logical field definitions comprises a logical field name, at least one location attribute identifying a location of physical data corresponding to the logical field name, and a reference to an access method selected from at least two different access method types; and

wherein each of the different access method types defines a different manner of exposing the physical data corresponding to the logical field name of the respective logical field definition;

wherein the data abstraction model is configured to be referenced by a requesting entity to compose abstract queries on the basis of the plurality of logical field definitions; and

(ii) a runtime component configured to transform an abstract query, received from the requesting entity, into a query consistent with the particular physical data representation and according to the data abstraction model depending on which of the plurality of logical fields definitions are referenced by the abstract query; and

a processor adapted to execute contents of the memory.

24. The computer of claim 23, wherein a first access method type is a simple access method defining a direct relationship between physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition;

and wherein a second access method type is a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

25. The computer of claim 23, wherein the access method types comprise a filtered access method defining a filter applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein the filter removes selected data from the physical data so that only a subset of the physical data is exposed by the respective logical field definition referencing the filtered access method.

26. The computer of claim 23, wherein the access method types comprise a composed access method defining an expression applied to physical data located at a location identified by a respective location attribute of a respective logical field definition, wherein application of the expression produces values different from the physical data to which the expression is applied.