Method for fabricating, modifying or repairing of single crystal or directionally solidified articles

• US 6,998,568 B2
• Filed: 11/26/2003
• Issued: 02/14/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 11/29/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited (Ansaldo Energia SPA)
• Original Assignee: Alstom Technology Ltd. (Alstom SA)
• Inventors: Hoebel, Matthias, Obbard, Edward, Schnell, Alexander, Brehm, Walter
• Primary Examiner(s): Heinrich, Samuel M.
• Application Number:
  US10/721,268
• Publication Number:
  US 20040164059A1
• Time in Patent Office: 811 Days
• Field of Search: 21912161-12166, 21912183-12185, 228/176, 117/1, 117/904, 416/224, 416/241.R, 298/891, 298/892
• US Class Current: 219/121.62
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 1/0056 soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2101/001 Turbines
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/08 Non-ferrous metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/032 using optical means
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/034 Observing the temperature of the workpiece
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/0344 Observing the speed of the workpiece
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/32 taking account of the properties of the material involved
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/34 Laser welding for purposes other than joining
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 35/38 Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
• CPC Class Codes: B23P 6/002 Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors, B23P6/045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 40/20 Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 5/005 Repairing methods or devices
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 5/28 Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion

Abstract

It is disclosed a method for fabricating, modifying or repairing of single crystal or directionally solidified articles. Two single crystal or directionally solidified prefabricated parts are joint by isothermally brazing using a brazing material. After that an epitaxial or non-epitaxial layer on the surface of the created article and of the braze joint is applied using a laser metal forming process.

Claims

1. A method for fabricating, modifying or repairing of single crystal or directionally solidified articles, the method comprising the steps of

(a) joining of two single crystal or directionally solidified prefabricated parts with matched crystallographic orientation by isothermally brazing using a brazing material,

(b) applying a layer on the surface of the article and of the braze joint using a laser metal forming process, thereby

(c) moving a light source and a signal capturing apparatus and the article relative to each other, thereby

(d) melting locally the surface of the article or of the braze joint using the light source with a specific power for forming a melt pool,

(e) injecting powder with a carrier gas or a wire into the melt pool,

(f) capturing an optical signal from the melt pool using the signal capturing apparatus,

(g) using the monitored optical signal for the determination of temperature and temperature fluctuations as properties of the melt pool,

(h) using the information of the temperature and temperature fluctuations of the melt pool from the optical signal within a control system in a feedback circuit to adjust as process parameters one or a combination of the power of the light source, the relative speed between the light source and the article, the mass feed rate of the added material and/or of the carrier gas such that desired melt pool properties are obtained and subsequently

(i) solidifying the melt pool.

2. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of adjusting the melt pool properties to obtain epitaxial material build-up with thermo-physical properties of the deposit matched to those of the article and of the braze joint.

3. The method according to claim 1, the laser deposited material solidifies non-epitaxially with the underlying material.

4. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of applying a coating on the surface of the article and of the braze joint using the laser metal forming process.

5. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of mixing multiple powder compositions and supplying the mixture concurrently to the melt pool during the laser metal-forming process.

6. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of using different powder compositions at different regions for the application of the laser deposited layer of the surface of the article or of the braze joint.

7. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of determining the crystallographic orientation of the prefabricated parts and joining the parts together so as to create a low angle boundary.

8. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of repairing gaps or cracks of an article.

9. The method according to claim 8, comprising the step of repairing gaps of an article using a brazing insert.

10. The method according to claim 9, comprising the steps of using a brazing insert which has the same crystalline orientation as the article.

11. The method according to claim 9, comprising the step of preparing the brazing insert from used gas turbine articles before carrying out the method.

12. The method according to claim 8, comprising the step of cleaning gaps or cracks from unwanted oxides before the application of the method.

13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the brazing is done under vacuum or any preferable and suitably controlled atmosphere.

14. The method according to claim 1, comprising the adjusting of the parameters of the epitaxial laser metal-forming step such that melt pool properties are obtained to avoid columnar to equiaxed transition during solidification of the melt pool.

15. The method according to claim 1, comprising the adjusting of the process parameters of the epitaxial laser metal-forming step such that melt pool properties are obtained to avoid convection in the melt pool.