Dynamic time-of-day sky box lighting

• US 6,999,093 B1
• Filed: 01/08/2003
• Issued: 02/14/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 01/08/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: McCoy, David Scott, Wetzel, Mikey S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bella, Matthew C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sajous, Wesner
• Application Number:
  US10/338,940
• Time in Patent Office: 1,133 Days
• Field of Search: 345/473, 345/474, 345629-630, 345633-634, 345/636, 345/638, 345/589, 345/586, 345596-597, 345601-602, 345/643, 345581-583, 345418-428, 345/587, 348/553, 348/557, 348563-566, 348577-578, 348/584, 348/586, 348/599, 348/638, 348/642, 348/136, 348/671, 348/708, 348/624, 382162-167, 382/169, 382/171, 382172-173, 382/103, 463 31- 36
• US Class Current: 345/581
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/6692 using special effects, generally involving post-processing, e.g. blooming
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/04 Texture mapping
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/50 Lighting effects

Abstract

A background (sky box) in a video game or other virtual reality environment dynamically changes as a function of a parameter, producing a more realistic display. Luminance-only texture and color texture data are employed to create the background. The color texture data are provided as a lookup table in which one axis of the lookup table corresponds to time or another variable, and the other axis indicates the colors of pixels in the display as a function of the altitude or azimuth of the pixels. The luminance-only texture data are thus modulated by the chrominance values from the color texture data for pixels in the background. Optionally, one of a plurality of two-dimensional color textures can be selected as a function of the variable and applied to the luminance-only texture data.

Claims

1. A method for creating a background for display in a virtual environment, where the background is dynamically variable, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing;

(i) geometry data that define the background;

(ii) gray scale texture data for the background;

(iii) color texture data for the background, said color texture data defining chrominance values that vary as a function of a predefined parameter;

(b) supplying a value for the predefined parameter, said value dynamically changing;

(c) using the value supplied for the predefined parameter to determine chrominance values from the color texture data for pixels comprising the background, where specific pixels correspond to specific portions of the color texture data;

(d) modulating the gray scale texture data for successive pixels with the chrominance values determined for the pixels; and

(e) using results from the step of modulating, successively rendering the background in the virtual environment, so that the background dynamically changes as a function of the value for the predefined parameter.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the color texture data comprise a color texture lookup table having a first axis along which the value of the predefined variable varies, and a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis and along which the chrominance values define the colors of pixels extending across one dimension of the background.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of determining a viewpoint within the virtual environment to determine a portion of the background to display.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing the gray scale texture data comprises the step of stripping out chrominance components from an image depicting the background, producing the gray scale texture data.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the predefined parameter comprises time, and wherein the step of supplying the value for the predefined parameter comprises the step of indicating the time varying during a time interval.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the color texture data define bands of color in the background, where said bands of color change as a function of the value of the predefined parameter.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the color texture data comprise a plurality of color texture lookup tables, each color texture lookup table corresponding to a different value of the predefined parameter, further comprising the step of applying the chrominance values defined along one axis of each of the color texture lookup tables to corresponding pixels in the gray scale texture data as a function of an angular disposition of the pixels within the virtual environment, so that the chrominance values applied to each pixel are determined as a function of three-dimensional coordinates associated with each pixel, said three-dimensional coordinates including a value for the predefined parameter that determines the color texture lookup table that will be used and a disposition of the pixel relative to orthogonal axes in the gray scale texture data and in the color texture lookup table that is currently being used.

8. A memory medium having machine instructions stored thereon for carrying out the steps of claim 1.

9. A method for displaying a background in a virtual environment so that the background varies dynamically as a function of time, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing;

(i) geometry data that define the background;

(ii) gray scale texture data for the background;

(iii) color texture data for the background, said color texture data defining chrominance values that vary as a function of time in the virtual environment;

(b) as time passes in the virtual environment, determining corresponding chrominance values from the color texture data, for pixels comprising the background in the virtual environment;

(c) multiplying the gray scale texture data by the chrominance values to determine data defining pixels in the background; and

(d) using data for the pixels for rendering the background in the virtual environment, so that the background dynamically changes as time passes in the virtual environment.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the color texture data comprise a color texture lookup table having a first axis that varies with the passing of time in the virtual environment, and a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis and along which the chrominance values define the color of pixels in one of rows and columns within the background.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of determining a portion of the background being viewed in the virtual environment, so that said portion is rendered for viewing.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of providing the gray scale texture data comprises the step of stripping away chrominance components from an image depicting the background, producing the gray scale texture data.

13. A memory medium having machine instructions stored thereon for carrying out the steps of claim 9.

14. A system for providing a background for a virtual environment, where the background is dynamically varied as a function of a predefined parameter, comprising:

(a) a display;

(b) a memory in which are stored;

(i) a plurality of machine instructions;

(ii) gray scale texture data for the background; and

(iii) color texture data for the background, said color texture data defining chrominance values that vary as a function of the predefined parameter; and

(c) a processor coupled to the memory and to the display, said processor executing the machine instructions to carry out a plurality of functions, including;

(i) using the value for the predefined parameter, determining chrominance values from the color texture data, for corresponding pixels comprising the background;

(ii) modulating the gray scale texture data for pixels with the chrominance values corresponding to the pixels; and

(iii) using results from the step of modulating, successively rendering the background in the virtual environment on the display as the value of the predefined parameter changes, so that the background dynamically changes as a function of the value of the predefined parameter.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the color texture data comprise a color texture lookup table having a first axis that varies with the value of the predefined variable, and a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis and along which the chrominance values define the colors of pixels comprising the background.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the predefined parameter comprises time within the virtual environment, so that the chrominance values applied to the gray scale texture data change with passing time.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the color texture data define bands of color in the background that change on the display as the value of the predefined parameter changes.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the color texture data comprise a plurality of color texture lookup tables, each color texture lookup table corresponding to a different value of the predefined parameter, further comprising the step of applying the chrominance values defined along one axis of each of the color texture lookup tables to corresponding pixels in the gray scale texture data as a function of an angular disposition of the pixels within the virtual environment, so that the chrominance values applied to each pixel are determined as a function of three-dimensional coordinates associated with each pixel, said three-dimensional coordinates including a value for the predefined parameter that determines the color texture lookup table that will be used and a disposition of the pixel relative to orthogonal axes in the gray scale texture data and in the color texture lookup table that is currently being used.

19. A system for displaying a background in a virtual environment so that the background varies dynamically as a function of time, comprising:

(a) a display;

(b) a memory in which are stored;

(i) a plurality of machine instructions;

(ii) gray scale texture data for the background; and

(iii) color texture data for the background, said color texture data defining chrominance values that vary as a function of time passing in the virtual environment; and

(c) a processor coupled to the memory and to the display, said processor executing the machine instructions to carry out a plurality of functions, including;

(i) as time passes in the virtual environment, determining corresponding chrominance values from the color texture data, for pixels extending across the background in the virtual environment;

(ii) multiplying the gray scale texture data by the chrominance values to determine pixels in the background; and

(iii) using the pixels for rendering the background in the virtual environment, so that the background dynamically changes on the display as time passes in the virtual environment.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the color texture data comprise a color texture lookup table having a first axis that varies with time in the virtual environment, and a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis and along which the chrominance values define the color of pixels in one of rows and columns within the background.

21. The system of claim 19, wherein the machine instructions further cause the processor to determine a portion of the background being viewed in the virtual environment, so that said portion is rendered on the display for viewing.