Biosensor and methods of use thereof
First Claim
1. A sensor element comprisinga sensing electrode that reacts electrochemically with hydrogen peroxide to provide a detectable signal, the sensing electrode comprisingplatinum, graphite, a polymer matrix, and a geometric surface area that ranges from about 0.1 in about 3 cm2, wherein the electrode is affixed to a non-conductive surface, has a background current that ranges from about 2 to about 60 nA or less when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V, and has a sensitivity of at least about 6 to about 180 nA/μ
- M of hydrogen peroxide when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An automated system for continual transdermal extraction of analytes present in a biological system is provided. The system can be used for detecting and/or measuring the concentration of the analyte using an electrochemical biosensor detection means. The system optionally uses reverse iontophoresis to carry out the continual transdermal extraction of the analytes.
366 Citations
44 Claims
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1. A sensor element comprising
a sensing electrode that reacts electrochemically with hydrogen peroxide to provide a detectable signal, the sensing electrode comprising platinum, graphite, a polymer matrix, and a geometric surface area that ranges from about 0.1 in about 3 cm2, wherein the electrode is affixed to a non-conductive surface, has a background current that ranges from about 2 to about 60 nA or less when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V, and has a sensitivity of at least about 6 to about 180 nA/μ - M of hydrogen peroxide when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A method for monitoring an amount or concentration of an analyte present in a biological system, the method comprising
contacting the analyte with an enzyme that reacts with the analyte to produce hydrogen peroxide; -
detecting the hydrogen peroxide with a sensor element comprising a sensing electrode that reacts electrochemically with hydrogen peroxide to produce a detectable signal, the sensing electrode comprising platinum, graphite, a polymer matrix, and a geometric surface area that ranges from about 0.1 to about 3 cm2, wherein the electrode is affixed to a non-conductive surface, has a background current that ranges from about 2 to about 60 nA or less when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V, and has a sensitivity of at least about 6 to about 180 nA/μ
M of hydrogen peroxide when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V; andmeasuring the detectable signal, wherein the detectable signal is related to analyte amount or concentration in the biological system. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A sampling system for monitoring the concentration of an analyte present in a subject, said sampling system comprising:
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a sensing device comprising (i) a collection reservoir comprising an enzyme capable of reacting with the analyte to produce hydrogen peroxide, and (ii) a sensor element in operative contact with the reservoir, wherein said sensor element reacts electrochemically with the hydrogen peroxide produced in the reservoir to provide a detectable signal, and said sensor element comprises an electrode having a geometric surface area which ranges from about 0.1 to 3 cm2, a background current which ranges from about 2 to 60 nA or less when measured in a buffer solution at 0.6V, and a sensitivity which ranges from about 6 to 180 nA/μ
M of hydrogen peroxide when measured in a buffer solution at 0.6V;one or more microprocessors in operative communication with the sensing device comprising programming to control operation of the sensing device; and a sampling device comprising microneedles, microfine lances, or microfine cannulas. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. A sampling system for monitoring the concentration of an analyte present in a subject, said sampling system comprising:
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a sensing device comprising (i) a collection reservoir comprising an enzyme capable of reacting with the analyte to produce hydrogen peroxide, and (ii) a sensor element in operative contact with the reservoir, wherein said sensor element reacts electrochemically with the hydrogen peroxide produced in the reservoir to provide a detectable signal, the sensing electrode comprising a platinum-group metal, graphite, a polymer matrix, and a geometric surface area that ranges from about 0.1 to about 3 cm2, wherein the electrode has a background current that ranges from about 2 to about 60 nA or less when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V, and has a sensitivity of at least about 6 to about 180 nA/μ
M of hydrogen peroxide when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V;one or more microprocessors in operative communication with the sensing device comprising programming to control operation of the sensing device; and a sampling device comprising microneedles, microfine lances, or microfine cannulas. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
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37. The sampling system of 36, wherein said reservoir comprises a mnuaturized etched, ablated or molded flow path.
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38. A sampling system for monitoring the concentration of an analyte present in a subject, said sampling system comprising:
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a sensing device comprising (i) a collection reservoir comprising an enzyme capable of reacting with the analyte to produce hydrogen peroxide, and (ii) a sensor element in operative contact with the reservoir, wherein said sensor element reacts electrochemically with the hydrogen peroxide produced in the reservoir to provide a detectable signal, the sensing electrode comprising platinum, graphite, a polymer matrix, and a geometric surface area that ranges from about 0.1 to about 3 cm2, wherein the electrode has a background current that ranges from about 2 to about 60 nA or less when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V, and has a sensitivity of at least about 6 to about 180 nA/μ
M of hydrogen peroxide when measured in a buffer solution at an applied potential of 0.6V;one or more microprocessors in operative communication with the sensing device comprising programming to control operation of the sensing device; and a sampling device comprising microneedles, microfine lances, or microfine cannulas. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
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Specification