Method to address security and privacy issue of the use of RFID systems to track consumer products

• US 7,000,834 B2
• Filed: 02/21/2001
• Issued: 02/21/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 02/21/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toshiba Global Commerce Solutions Holdings Corporation (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Hind, John R., Mathewson, James M. II, Peters, Marcia L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fureman, Jared J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Walsh, Daniel
• Application Number:
  US09/790,104
• Publication Number:
  US 20020116274A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,826 Days
• Field of Search: 235/492, 235/435, 235/385, 235/381, 235/378, 235/451, 235/380, 235/382.5, 235/375, 235/472.02, 235/4, 340/572.1, 340/10.4, 340 105- 1052, 340/5.25, 340/5.61, 340/5.74, 705/23, 705/20, 700/115
• US Class Current: 235/385
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07749 the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07758 arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07779 the inductive antenna being a coil
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07783 the coil being planar
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/201 Price look-up processing, e.g. updating
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/208 Input by product or record sensing, e.g. weighing or scanner processing

Abstract

A method, system, apparatus, and computer program product for using radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology to store product information in tags attached to items of merchandise is disclosed. The RFID tagging scheme of the present invention prevents tampering with stored information, global tracking of customers and their purchased items, and pricing mistakes made at the point of sale.

Claims

1. A method for secure electronic labeling, the method comprising:

writing an entry to a memory as a triple having a type, a length, and a value, the memory being part of a machine-readable identification device that is part of an electronic label, wherein the type identifies a type of write access control rule that is to control overwriting the value written to the entry;

selecting a first write access control rule from a plurality of write access control rules based on the type written in the entry in response to a request to write a rewrite value to the entry; and

performing a write access to the entry according to the first write access control rule in response to the request to write the rewrite value to the entry.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine-readable identification device comprises a radio-frequency identification (RPID) tag.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first access control rule is selected from the group comprising a read-only rule, an unlimited read-write rule, and a short write rule.

4. A method for secure electronic labeling, the method comprising:

writing a value to a first memory having a length, the first memory being part of a machine-readable identification device;

writing a type to a second memory in the machine-readable identification device; and

imposing a first access control rule upon the first memory, wherein the first access control rule is that if the first memory is rewritten to, the length of the first memory is reduced to a predetermined size.

5. A method for secure electronic labeling, the method comprising:

writing a value to a first memory having a length;

a writing type to a second memory;

reading a request to overwrite the first memory;

disallowing overwriting of the first memory if the type is of a first kind;

overwriting the first memory and shortening the length of the first memory if the type is of a second kind;

overwriting the first memory with new data and adjusting the length of the first memory to fit the new data if the type is of a third kind.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein in the step of overwriting the first memory and shortening the length of the first memory, the length of the first memory is shortened to a predetermined size.

7. A method for secure electronic labeling, the method comprising:

writing a universal product code entry to a first memory, the universal product code entry having a first type, a first length, and a first value, the first memory being part of a machine-readable identification device that is part of an electronic label;

writing a list price entry to a second memory, the list price entry having a second type, a second length, and a second value, the second memory being part of the machine-readable identification device that is part of the electronic label;

writing a tracking number entry to a third memory, the tracking number entry having a third type, a third length, and a third value, the third memory being part of the machine-readable identification device that is part of the electronic label;

associating the first type with a first access control rule such that the first access control rule is imposed upon the first memory, in accordance with the first type, wherein the first access control rule controls overwriting of the first value written to the first memory;

associating the second type with a second access control rule such that the second access control rule is imposed upon the second memory in accordance with the second type, wherein the second access control rule controls overwriting of the second value written to the second memory; and

associating the third type with a third access control rule such that the third access control rule is imposed upon the third memory in accordance wit the third type, wherein the third access control rule controls overwriting of the third value written to the third memory.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the machine-readable identification device is a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first access control rule is such that the first memory may not be rewritten to.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the third access control rule is such that if the third memory is rewritten to, the third length is reduced to a predetermined size.

11. A method for secure electronic labeling, the method comprising the steps of:

writing a value to a first memory having a length, the first memory being part of a machine-readable identification device;

associating a type value with the first memory such that an access control rule is imposed upon the first memory, in accordance with the type value, wherein the access control rule is such that if, first memory is rewritten to, the length of the first memory is reduced to a predetermined size.

12. A computer program product for secure electronic labeling, the computer program product comprising:

a computer usable medium having computer usable program code, said computer usable program code comprising;

computer usable program code configured to write a value to a first memory having a length, the first memory being part of a machine-readable identification device;

computer usable program code configured to write a type to a second memory in the machine-readable identification device; and

computer usable program code configured to impose a first access control rule upon the first memory, wherein the first access control rule is that if the first memory is rewritten to, the length of to first memory is reduced to a predetermined size.

13. A computer program product for secure electronic labeling, the computer program product comprising:

a computer usable medium having computer usable program code, said computer usable program code comprising;

computer usable program code configured to write a value to a first memory having a length;

computer usable program code configured to write a type to a second memory;

computer usable program code configured to read a request to overwrite the first memory;

computer usable program code configured to disallow overwriting of the first memory if the type is of a first kind;

computer usable program code configured to overwrite the first memory and to shorten the length of the first memory if the type is of a second kind;

computer usable program code configured to overwrite the first memory with new data and to adjust the length of the first memory to fit the new data if the type is of a third kind.

14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the length of the first memory is shortened to a predetermined size.

15. A computer program product for secure electronic labeling, the computer program product comprising:

a computer usable medium having computer usable program code, said computer usable program code comprising;

computer usable program code configured to write a value to a first memory having a length, the first memory being part of a machine-readable identification device;

computer usable program code configured to associate a type value with the first memory such that an access control rule is imposed upon the first memory, in accordance with the type value, wherein the access control rule is such that if the first memory is rewritten to, the length of the first memory is reduced to a predetermined size.

16. An electronic label, comprising:

a communication unit;

a controller, configured to receive data from the communication unit;

a memory, having an entry stored therein, wherein the entry is a triple having a type, a length, and a value;

wherein the memory is configured to be written to by the controller;

wherein the communication unit receives a rewrite value;

wherein the controller receives the rewrite value from the communication unit, the controller selects a first write access control rule from a plurality of write access control rules based on the type stored in the entry;

wherein the controller determines whether the rewrite value should be written to the memory, and if the controller determines that the value should be written to the memory, the controller writes the rewrite value to the memory.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the access control rule is such that once the value is written to the memory, to memory may not be rewritten to.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the apparatus is attached to a substrate.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the substrate is a flexible sheet material.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the substrate is an article of merchandise.

21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the substrate is an item of packaging.

22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein to communication unit receives the value as an electromagnetic stimulus.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the electromagnetic stimulus comprises light.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the electromagnetic stimulus comprises radio waves.

25. The apparatus of claim 22, comprising a photoelectric cell, wherein the communication unit receives the value as an electromagnetic stimulus through the photoelectric cell.

26. The apparatus of claim 22, comprising an antenna, wherein the communication unit receives the value as an electromagnetic stimulus through the antenna.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the antenna comprises a capacitive antenna.

28. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the access control rule is stored in a second memory.

29. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the access control rule is embodied in a logic circuit.

30. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the memory is configured to be read by the controller, and the communication unit is configured to receive data from the controller, and wherein the controller reads the value from the memory, the communication unit receives the value from the controller, and the communication unit transmits the value.

31. The apparatus at claim 30, wherein the communication unit transmits the value as electromagnetic radiation.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the electromagnetic radiation comprises light.

33. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the electromagnetic radiation comprises radio waves.

34. The electronic label of claim 16, wherein the entry is a is a universal product code entry.

35. The electronic label of claim 34, wherein the first write access control rule is such that the entry may not be rewritten to.

36. The electronic label of claim 16, wherein the entry is a list price entry.

37. The electronic label of claim 36, wherein the first write access control rule is such that the entry may not be rewritten to.

38. The electronic label of claim 16, wherein the entry is a tracking number entry.

39. The electronic label of claim 38, wherein the first write access control rule is such that if the entry is rewritten to, the length of the entry is reduced to a predetermined size.

40. An apparatus for secure electronic labeling, comprising:

a communication unit;

a controller, configured to receive data from the communication unit;

a memory, having a length, and configured to be written to by the controller, wherein the communication unit receives a value, the controller receives the value from the communication unit, the controller evaluates an access control rule taken from a plurality of access control rules to determine whether the value should be written to the memory, and if the controller determines that the value should be written to the memory, the controller writes the value to the memory, wherein communication unit, controller, and memory are part of a same electronic label, and wherein the access control rule is such that the value is written to memory, but the length of the memory is reduced to a predetermined size.

41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the apparatus is attached to a substrate.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the substrate is a flexible sheet material.

43. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the substrate is an article of merchandise.

44. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the substrate is an item of packaging.

45. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the communication unit receives the value as an electromagnetic stimulus.

46. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the electromagnetic stimulus comprises light.

47. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the electromagnetic stimulus comprises radio waves.

48. The apparatus of claim 45, comprising a photoelectric cell, wherein the communication unit receives the value as an electromagnetic stimulus trough the photoelectric cell.

49. The apparatus of claim 45, comprising an antenna, wherein the communication unit receives the value as an electromagnetic stimulus through the antenna.

50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the antenna comprises a capacitive antenna.

51. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the predetermined size is three bytes.

52. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the access control rule is stored in a second memory.

53. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the access control rule is embodied in a logic circuit.

54. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the memory is configured to be read by the controller, and the communication unit is configured to receive data from the controller, and wherein the controller reads the value from the memory, the communication unit receives the value from the controller, and the communication unit transmits the value.

55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the communication unit transmits the value as electromagnetic radiation.

56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the electromagnetic radiation comprises light.

57. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the electromagnetic radiation comprises radio waves.