System and method to identify multiple RFID tags

• US 7,009,495 B2
• Filed: 10/02/2002
• Issued: 03/07/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Pratt, Richard M., Hughes, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman, Brian
• Assistant Examiner(s): YANG, CLARA I
• Application Number:
  US10/264,078
• Publication Number:
  US 20040066281A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,252 Days
• Field of Search: 340/10.2, 340/10.1, 340/10.42, 340/3.21, 340/10.4, 340/10.3, 340/10.31, 340/10.32, 370/442, 370/458
• US Class Current: 340/10.2
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10029 the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10069 the collision being resolved in the frequency domain, e.g. by hopping from one frequency to the other frequency hopping or spread spectrum techniques H04B7/00

Abstract

An RFID system comprises an RFID reader configured to issue an RF command requesting that RF tags identify themselves, and to issue timing information defining a plurality of timeslots; and a plurality of RF tags in selective communication with the reader, the RF tags having respective IDs, respective tags being configured to randomly select a timeslot in which to reply to the RF command, and to issue an RF reply in response to the RF command in the randomly selected timeslot, the RF reply including a frequency pattern to assist in identifying the tag but not the tag'"'"'s entire ID, different tags having different frequency patterns.

Claims

1. An RFID system comprising:

an RFID reader configured to issue a first RF command requesting that RF tags identify themselves, a subsequent second RF command, and timing information defining a plurality of timeslots; and

a plurality of RF tags in selective communication with the reader, the RF tags having respective IDs, respective tags being configured to randomly select a timeslot in which to reply to the first RF command, and to issue a first RF reply in response to the first RF command in the randomly selected timeslot, the first RF reply incompletely identifying the tag to the reader, the respective tags being further configured to issue a second RF reply in response to the second RF command to more completely identify the tag to the reader;

wherein the reader is configured to store data representing the timeslot in which an RF reply was received by the reader and wherein the second RF command indicates the timeslot for which a reply was received from a tag.

2. An RFID system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the RFID reader is configured to monitor a plurality of frequencies for a response, wherein respective RF tags are configured to randomly select a frequency on which to issue a reply to the RF command, and to issue the first RF reply using the randomly selected frequency.

3. An RFID system in accordance with claim 2 wherein the reader is configured to store data representing the timeslot and intermediate frequency in which an RF reply was received by the reader and the second RF command indicates the timeslot and intermediate frequency for which a reply was received from a tag.

4. An RFID system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the system is a backscatter system, wherein the reader is configured to provide RF illumination after issuing the first RF command, and wherein the reader defines the timeslots by interrupting illumination.

5. An RFID system in accordance with claim 4 wherein the tags are configured to reply to the reader using On-Off Keying.

6. An RFID system in accordance with claim 1 wherein a frequency pattern included in the first RF reply consists essentially of a single frequency.

7. An RFID system in accordance with claim 1, wherein respective RF tags are configured to transmit their IDs to the reader in response to the second RF command from the reader.

8. An RFID reader, for use with RF tags that have respective IDs, the RFID reader comprising:

circuitry configured to selectively provide a backscatter RF illumination field, to provide time synchronization information defining timeslots to RF tags, to issue a first RF command requesting that RF tags identify themselves, to store the identity of the timeslot where an RF reply was received by the reader from a tag, to determine if a collision occurred between RF replies, to issue a second RF command indicating the timeslot for which a reply was received from an RF tag and requesting that RF tags reply with their IDs, to receive and store IDs from RF tags, and to re-issue the first RF command response if it was determined that a collision occurred between RF replies.

9. An RFID reader in accordance with claim 8 wherein the reader is configured to monitor a plurality of different frequencies for replies in multiple different timeslots, and to store the frequency where an RF reply was received by the reader from a tag, and wherein the second RF command further indicates the frequency for which a reply was received.

10. An RFID reader in accordance with claim 8 wherein the reader defines the timeslots by interrupting illumination.

11. An RFID reader in accordance with claim 8 and further configured to receive and decode On-Off Keyed responses from RF tags.

12. An RFID tag for use with a reader that is configured to issue timing signals defining timeslots, the RFID tag comprising:

circuitry configured to store an ID identifying the tag, to backscatter modulate an RF illumination field from a reader, to randomly select a timeslot in which to reply from a plurality of possible timeslots, to issue an RF reply in the selected timeslot, responsive to receiving a first RF command including a session identifier from the reader, the reply including a signal pattern, the signal pattern identifying the tag but not including the entire ID, the tag being further configured to issue a subsequent response to the reader including the tag'"'"'s ID in response to receiving a second RF command from the reader, the second RF command containing information corresponding to the selected timeslot to indicate that the tag has been found by the reader, and the circuitry being further configured to ignore further receptions of the first RF command which include the session identifier responsive to receiving a third RF command from the reader confirming that the tag'"'"'s ID has been received by the reader.

13. An RFID tag in accordance with claim 12 wherein the circuitry is further configured to randomly select a frequency in which to reply from a plurality of possible frequencies.

14. An RFID tag in accordance with claim 12 wherein the signal pattern comprises a frequency pattern.

15. An RFID tag in accordance with claim 12 wherein the signal pattern comprises a TONE.

16. An RFID) tag in accordance with claim 12 wherein the signal pattern consists essentially of a TONE.

17. An RFID tag in accordance with claim 12 and configured to recognize an interruption of RF illumination from the reader as a transition between timeslots.

18. An RFID tag in accordance with claim 12 and configured to reply to the reader using On-Off Keying.

19. An RFID communications method comprising:

providing an RF reader;

providing a plurality of RF tags in selective communication with the reader, the RF tags having respective IDs;

issuing, using the RF reader, an RF command requesting that the RF tags identify themselves;

issuing, using the RF reader, timing information defining a plurality of timeslots;

respective tags randomly selecting a timeslot in which to reply to the RF command;

respective tags issuing an RF reply in response to the RF command, in the randomly selected timeslot, the RF reply including a frequency pattern to assist in identifying the tag but not the tag'"'"'s entire ID, different tags having different frequency patterns;

storing, with the reader, the timeslot where an RF reply was received by the reader; and

transmitting, with the reader, an RF message indicating the timeslot for which a reply was received from a tag.

20. An RFID communication method in accordance with claim 19 and further comprising monitoring, with the RF reader, a plurality of frequencies for a response, wherein respective tags randomly select a frequency on which to issue a reply to the RF command, and wherein respective tags issuing an RF reply comprises respective tags issuing an RF reply in response to the RF command, in the randomly selected timeslot and using the randomly selected frequency.

21. An RFID communication method in accordance with claim 20 and further comprising storing, with the reader, the timeslot and frequency where an RF reply was received by the reader, and transmitting, with the reader, an RF message indicating the timeslot and frequency for which a reply was received from a tag.

22. An RFID communication method in accordance with claim 20 and further comprising transmitting, from respective RF tags, the tag'"'"'s ID to the reader in response to the RF message from the reader, on a newly randomly selected one of the frequencies.

23. An RFID communication method in accordance with claim 19 and further comprising providing, with the reader, RF backscatter illumination after issuing the RF command.

24. An RFID communication method in accordance with claim 19 and further comprising defining, with the reader, the timeslots by interrupting illumination.

25. An RFID communication method in accordance with claim 19 and further comprising defining the frequency pattern included in the RF reply using a single frequency.

26. An RFID communication method in accordance with claim 19 and further comprising respective tags replying to the reader using On-Off Keying.

27. A method of communicating with RF tags that have respective IDs, the method comprising:

selectively providing a backscatter RF illumination field, including time synchronization information defining timeslots to RF tags;

issuing a first RF command requesting that RF tags identify themselves;

storing data identifying the timeslot where an RF reply was received from a tag;

determining if a collision occurred between RF replies;

issuing a second RF command indicating the timeslot for which a reply was received from an RF tag and requesting that RF tags reply with their IDs;

receiving and storing IDs from RF tags; and

re-issuing the first RF command response if it was determined that a collision occurred between RF replies received from tags.

28. A method of communicating with RF tags in accordance with claim 27 and further comprising monitoring a plurality of different frequencies for replies in multiple different timeslots;

and storing the frequency where an RF reply was received from a tag, and wherein issuing a second RF command comprises indicating the frequency for which a reply was received from an RF tag.

29. A method of communicating with RF tags in accordance with claim 27 and comprising providing the RF illumination field after issuing the first RF command and after issuing the second RF command.

30. A method of communicating with RF tags in accordance with claim 27 and further comprising defining the timeslots by interrupting illumination.

31. A method of communicating with RF tags in accordance with claim 27 and further comprising receiving and decoding On-Off Keyed responses from RF tags.

32. A method of communicating with an RF reader that is configured to issue timing signals defining timeslots, the method comprising:

storing an ID;

backscatter modulating an RF illumination field from the reader;

randomly selecting a timeslot in which to reply from a plurality of possible timeslots;

issuing an RF reply in the selected timeslot, responsive to receiving a first RF command, including a session identifier, from the reader, the reply including a signal pattern, the signal pattern identifying the tag but not including the entire ID;

issuing a response to the reader including the ID in response to receiving a subsequent second RF command from the reader that contains information corresponding to the selected timeslot; and

ignoring further receptions of the first RF command which include the session identifier responsive to receiving a third RF command from the reader confirming that the ID has been received by the reader.

33. A method of communicating with an RF reader in accordance with claim 32 and further comprising randomly selecting a frequency in which to reply from a plurality of possible frequencies.

34. A method of communicating with an RF reader in accordance with claim 32 wherein the signal pattern comprises a frequency pattern.

35. A method of communicating with an RF reader in accordance with claim 32 wherein the signal pattern comprises a predetermined frequency.

36. A method of communicating with an RF reader in accordance with claim 32 wherein the signal pattern comprises a TONE.

37. A method of communicating with an RF reader in accordance with claim 32 wherein the signal pattern consists essentially of a TONE.

38. A method of communicating with an RF reader in accordance with claim 32 and further comprising recognizing an interruption of RF illumination from the reader as a transition between timeslots.

39. A method of communicating with an RF reader in accordance with claim 32 and further comprising replying to the reader using On-Off Keying.

40. A method of using an RFIT) reader, comprising:

issuing a first RF command to an RF tag;

selectively providing an RF illumination field including time synchronization pulses;

monitoring for a reply during a period defined by a predetermined number of timeslots;

receiving an RF reply, from a tag, including a signal pattern during the monitoring;

issuing a second RF command indicating the timeslot during which a reply was received;

receiving an RF reply including a tag'"'"'s ID in response to the second RF command; and

issuing a third RF command in response to receiving an RF reply including a tag'"'"'s ID.

41. A method of using an RFID reader in accordance with claim 40 and further comprising simultaneously monitoring a number of pre-defined frequencies during the period defined by a pre-defined number of timeslots, and wherein issuing the second RF command further comprises indicating the frequency and timeslot during which a reply was received.

42. A method of using an RFID reader in accordance with claim 40 and further comprising detecting an RF collision in responses from tags, during the monitoring.

43. A method of using an RFID reader in accordance with claim 42 and further comprising re-issuing the first RF command subsequent to the detecting.

44. An RFID system comprising:

an RFID reader including means for issuing an RF command requesting that RF tags identify themselves, means for issuing timing information defining a plurality of timeslots, and means for monitoring a plurality of frequencies for a response; and

a plurality of RF tags in selective communication with the reader, the RF tags having respective IDs, respective tags including means for randomly selecting a timeslot in which to reply to the RF command, means for randomly selecting a frequency on which to issue a reply to the RF command, and means for issuing an RF reply in response to the RF command in the randomly selected timeslot and using the randomly selected frequency, the RF reply including a frequency pattern that incompletely identifies the tag to the reader;

wherein the reader includes means for storing data representing the timeslot and frequency in which an RF reply was received by the reader and is configured to transmit an RF message indicating the timeslot and frequency for which a reply was received from a tag.

45. An RFID system in accordance with claim 44 wherein the system is a backscatter system, and wherein the reader includes means for providing RF illumination after issuing the RF command.

46. An RFID system in accordance with claim 44 wherein the means for issuing timing information defining the timeslots comprises means for defining timeslots by interrupting illumination.

47. An RFID system in accordance with claim 44 wherein the frequency pattern included in the RF reply consists essentially of a single frequency.

48. An RFID system in accordance with claim 44 wherein the tags include means for replying to the reader using On-Off Keying.

49. An RFID system in accordance with claim 44, wherein respective RF tags include means for transmitting its ID to the reader in response to the RF message from the reader.