Multiplexing several individual application sessions over a pre-allocated reservation protocol session

• US 7,013,338 B1
• Filed: 08/08/2000
• Issued: 03/14/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 07/28/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Winterspring Digital LLC
• Original Assignee: Prominence Networks, Inc
• Inventors: Nag, Siddhartha, Alam, Naveed, D'Souza, Alfred
• Primary Examiner(s): Thompson, Marc D.
• Application Number:
  US09/634,035
• Time in Patent Office: 2,044 Days
• Field of Search: 709/223, 709/241, 709/230, 709/226, 709/227, 709/228, 709/249, 370/236, 370/431, 370/356, 370/401, 370/256, 370/230, 370/235
• US Class Current: 709/226
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/12 Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/2416 Real-time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/70 Admission control; Resource allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/724 at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/801 Real time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/803 Application aware
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/828 Allocation of resources per group of connections, e.g. per group of users
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/83 based on usage prediction
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1043 Gateway controllers, e.g. media gateway control protocol [MGCP] controllers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1101 Session protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/752 adapting media to network capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/80 Responding to QoS

Abstract

Apparatus and methods are provided for multiplexing application flows over a pre-allocated bandwidth reservation protocol session. According to one embodiment, a pre-allocated reservation protocol session, such as an RSVP session, is shared by one or more application sessions. The reservation protocol session is pre-allocated over a path between a first network device associated with a first user community and a second network device associated with a second user community based upon an estimated usage of the path for application sessions between users of the first and second user communities. Subsequently, the one or more application sessions are dynamically aggregated by multiplexing application flows associated with the one or more individual application sessions onto the pre-allocated reservation protocol session at the first network device and demultiplexing at the second network device. According to another embodiment, a network device enables multiple applications, such as VoIP applications, that require real-time performance to share an aggregated reservation protocol session, such as an RSVP session. The network device includes a storage device having stored therein one or more routines for establishing and managing the aggregated reservation protocol session. A processor coupled to the storage device executes the one or more routines to pre-allocate the aggregated reservation protocol session and thereafter share the aggregated reservation protocol session among multiple application sessions of individual application sessions. The aggregated reservation protocol session is pre-allocated based upon an estimate of the bandwidth requirements to accommodate the multiple application sessions. The aggregated reservation protocol session is shared by multiplexing, onto the aggregated reservation protocol session, outbound media packets (e.g., packetized voice data) originated by local application/endpoints associated with the application sessions, and demultiplexing, from the aggregated reservation protocol session, inbound media packets (e.g., packetized voice data) originated by remote application/endpoints.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

providing a first media aggregation manager at an edge of a first local area network on which a first set of terminals of a first user community of an enterprise reside, the first set of terminals running a first set of local applications on behalf of which the first media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling and control proxy;

providing a second media aggregation manager at an edge of a second local area network on which a second set of terminals of a second user community of the enterprise reside, the second set of terminals running a second set of local applications on behalf of which the second media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling and control proxy;

pre-allocating a reservation protocol session over a path through an enterprise network between the first media aggregation manager and the second media aggregation manager based upon an estimated usage of the path for real-time communication sessions between the first set of local applications and the second set of local applications; and

multiplexing a plurality of applications flows associated with real-time communication sessions involving one or more source applications of the first set of local applications and one or more destination applications of the second set of local applications onto the pre-allocated reservation protocol session at the first media aggregation manager.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising demultiplexing the plurality of application flows at the second media aggregation manager.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session and at least one of the real-time communications sessions comprises a H.323 session.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

forming an encapsulated packet by appending a tag to a media packet received at the first media aggregation manager from a source local application/endpoint of the one or more source applications, the tag including information to allow the second media aggregation manager to determine a destination local application/endpoint of the one or more destination applications; and

removing the tag at the second media aggregation manager prior to forwarding the media packet to the destination local application/endpoint.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the tag includes a network address associated with the source local application/endpoint.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the tag includes a network address associated with the destination local application/endpoint.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the tag includes a packet type indicator that specifies how to further identify a subprocess within the destination local application/endpoint.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein establishment of at least one of the real-time communication sessions involves use of H.323.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein establishment of at least one of the real-time communication sessions involves use of Session Initiation Protocol.

12. A method comprising:

establishing an aggregated reservation protocol session over a path through a network communicatively coupling a first edge device within a first local area network of an enterprise and a second edge device within a second local area network of the enterprise based upon an estimate of the number of individual application sessions needed for the path during a predetermined window of time; and

sharing the aggregated reservation protocol session among a plurality of individual application sessions between one or more terminals of a first set of terminals within the first local area network and associated with the first edge device and one or more terminals of a second set of terminals within the second local area network and associated with the second edge device by appending a tag to media packets associated with corresponding application flows for transmission between the first edge device and the second edge device, the tagged packets being multiplexed onto the aggregated reservation protocol session by the first edge device or the second edge device and demultiplexed by the other including the removal of the tags from the media packets.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein establishment of at least one of the plurality of individual application sessions involves use of H.323.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein establishment of at least one of the plurality of individual application sessions involves use of Session Initiation Protocol.

15. A method comprising:

pre-allocating an aggregated reservation protocol session over a path between a first media aggregation manager and second media aggregation manager of a plurality of media aggregation managers distributed among a plurality of enterprise locations based upon an estimate of the bandwidth requirements for individual application sessions over the path;

sharing the aggregated reservation protocol session among a plurality of individual application sessions established between applications running on devices being fronted by the first and second media aggregation managers by tagging packets at the source media aggregation manager of the first or second media aggregation manager that fronts the source of a particular transmission, multiplexing the tagged packets onto the aggregated reservation protocol session, and demultiplexing the tagged packets at the destination media aggregation manager of the first or second media aggregation manager that fronts the destination of the particular transmissions.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein establishment of at least one of the individual application sessions involves use of H.323.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein establishment of at least one of the individual application sessions involves use of Session Initiation Protocol.

18. A method comprising:

establishing a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session between a first network device and a second network device that are part of an Internet Protocol (IP) network;

receiving, at the first network device first a first local terminal on behalf of which the first network device acts as a reservation protocol proxy, a request to initiate a first H.323 session with a first remote terminal associated with the second network device;

allocating a portion of pre-allocated resources associated with the RSVP session to the first H.323 session between the first local terminal and the first remote terminal;

receiving, at the first network device from a second local terminal on behalf of which the first network device acts as a reservation protocol proxy, a request to initiate a second H.323 session with a second remote terminal associated with the second network device;

allocating a portion of the pre-allocated resources associated with the RSVP session to the second H.323 session between the second local terminal and the second remote terminal; and

sharing the RSVP session between the first H.323 session and the second H.323 session by multiplexing voice packets associated with the first and second H.323 sessions onto the RSVP session.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

transmitting voice packets from the first local terminal and first remote terminal by forming an encapsulated packet at the first network device that includes tag information to allow the second network device to determine the voice packets are intended for the first remote terminal; and

removing the tag information at the second network device prior to forwarding the voice packets to the first remote terminal.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the tag information includes the IP address of the first local terminal.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the tag information includes the IP address of the first remote terminal.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the tag information includes a packet type indicator that specifies how to further identify a subprocess within the first remote terminal.

23. A method comprising:

establishing a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session between a first network device and a second network device that are part of an Internet Protocol (IP) network;

the first network device operating as a RSVP proxy on behalf of and presenting itself to a first local terminal associated with the first network device as the intended destination of a first call originated by the first local terminal to a first remote terminal associated with the second network device by providing logical channel information of the first network device to the first local terminal rather than providing logical channel information associated with the first remote terminal;

the first network device operating as a RSVP proxy on behalf of and presenting itself to a second local terminal associated with the first network device as the intended destination of a second call originated by the second local terminal to a second remote terminal associated with the second network device by providing the logical channel information of the first network device to the second local terminal rather than providing logical channel information associated with the second remote terminal; and

the first network device transmitting voice packets from the first local terminal to the first remote terminal and from the second local terminal to the second remote terminal by multiplexing the voice packets onto the RSVP session.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising the first network device presenting itself as the originator of the first call to the second network device by providing the logical channel information of the first network device to the second network device rather than providing the logical channel information associated with the first local terminal that truly originated the first call.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein establishment of the first call involves use of H.323.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein establishment of the first call involves use of Session Initiation Protocol.

27. A media aggregation manager system comprising:

a resource manager to establish a reservation protocol session with one or more other media aggregation managers prior to establishment of any application sessions that share resources associated with the reservation protocol and to subsequently allocate and deallocate the resources in response to application session establishment requests and application session termination requests, respectively;

an admission control manager coupled to the resource manager, the admission control manager to provide admission control for application flows associated with the application sessions based upon availability of the resources as indicated by the resource manager;

a media multiplexor coupled to the admission control manager, the media multiplexor to tag media packets received from local application/endpoints that are associated with admitted application flows and to transmit the tagged media packets over the reservation protocol session; and

a media demultiplexor to forward media packets received from remote application/endpoints to the local application/endpoints based upon tags appended by a media multiplexor of the one or more other media aggregation managers.

28. A network device comprising:

a storage device having stored therein one or more routines for establishing and managing an aggregated reservation protocol session;

a processor coupled to the storage device for executing the one or more routines to pre-allocate the aggregated reservation protocol session and thereafter share the aggregated reservation protocol session among a plurality of individual application sessions, where;

the aggregated reservation protocol session is pre-allocated based upon an estimate of the bandwidth requirements to accommodate the plurality of individual application sessions,

the plurality of individual application sessions are established between a plurality of local application/endpoints and a plurality of remote application/endpoints,

the aggregated reservation protocol session is shared by multiplexing outbound media packets originated by a local application/endpoint of the plurality of local application/endpoints onto the aggregated reservation protocol session, and demultiplexing inbound media packets originated by a remote application/endpoint of the plurality of remote application/endpoints from the aggregated reservation protocol session.

29. The network device of claim 28, wherein establishment of at least one of the plurality of individual application sessions involves use of H.323.

30. The network device of claim 28, wherein establishment of at least one of the plurality of individual application sessions involves use of Session Initiation Protocol.

31. A system for multiplexing individual application sessions over a pre-allocated reservation protocol session comprising:

a first edge device coupled to and associated with a first plurality of terminals, the first edge device including a multiplexor to provide admission control for application sessions involving one or more terminals of the first plurality of terminal and one or more terminals of a second plurality of terminals and to multiplex packets of admitted application flows over the pre-allocated reservation protocol session; and

a second edge device coupled to and associated with the second plurality of terminals, the second edge device including a demultiplexor to forward packets associated with the admitted application flows to an appropriate terminal of the one or more terminals of the second plurality of terminals.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein establishment of an application session associated with at least one of the admitted application flows involves use of H.323.

33. The system of claim 31, wherein establishment of an application session associated with at least one of the admitted application flows involves use of Session Initiation Protocol.

34. A machine-readable medium having stored thereon data representing instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of:

providing a first media aggregation manager at an edge of a first local area network on which a first set of terminals of a first user community of an enterprise reside, the first set of terminals running a first set of local applications on behalf of which the first media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling and control proxy;

providing a second media aggregation manager at an edge of a second local area network on which a second set of terminals of a second user community of the enterprise reside, the second set of terminals running a second set of local applications on behalf of which the second media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling and control proxy;

pre-allocating a reservation protocol session over a path through an enterprise network between a first network device associated with a first user community and a second network device associated with a second user community the first media aggregation manager and the second media aggregation manager based upon an estimated usage of the path for real-time communication sessions individual application sessions between the first set of local applications and the second set of local applications users of the first user community and the second user community; and

multiplexing a plurality of application flows associated with real-time communication sessions involving one or more source applications of the first set of local applications and one or more destination applications of the second set of local applications involving one or more terminals from the first user community and one or more terminals from the second user community onto the pre-allocated reservation protocol session at the first media aggregation manager.

35. The machine-readable medium of claim 34, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session.

36. The machine-readable medium of claim 34, wherein at least one of the one or more individual application sessions comprises a H.323 session.

37. The machine-readable medium of claim 34, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session and at least one of the one or more individual application sessions comprises a H.323 session.

38. The machine-readable medium of claim 34, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to:

form an encapsulated packet by appending a tag to a media packet received at the first network device from a source local application/endpoint associated with the first user community, the tag including information to allow the second network device to determine a destination local application/endpoint associated with the second user community; and

remove the tag at the second network device prior to forwarding the media packet to the destination local application/endpoint.

39. The machine-readable medium of claim 38, wherein the tag includes a network address associated with the source local application/endpoint.

40. The machine-readable medium of claim 38, wherein the tag includes a network address associated with the destination local application/endpoint.

41. The machine-readable medium of claim 38, wherein the tag includes a packet type indicator that specifies how to further identify a subprocess within the destination local application/endpoint.

42. A network device comprising:

one or more storage devices having stored therein one or more routines for establishing and managing a reservation protocol session between the network device, acting as a reservation protocol proxy on behalf of a local set of terminals and another network device, acting as a reservation protocol proxy on behalf of a remote set of terminals;

one or more processors coupled to the one or more storage devices for executing the one or more routines to allocate the reservation protocol session and thereafter share the reservation protocol session among a plurality of individual application sessions involving one or more terminals in the local set of terminals and one or more terminals in the remote set of terminals, where;

the plurality of individual application sessions are established between one or more local application/endpoints running on the one or more terminals in the local set of terminals and one or more remote application/endpoints running on the one or more terminals in the remote set of terminals, and

the reservation protocol session is shared by multiplexing outbound media packets originated by the one or more local application/endpoints onto the reservation protocol session, and demultiplexing inbound media packets originated by the one or more remote application/endpoints from the reservation protocol session.

43. A method comprising:

establishing a single Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session for multiple types of real-time communications between a first user community and a second user community over a path through a network communicatively coupling the first user community with the second user community, a first media aggregation manager located geographically proximate to the first user community serving as a first endpoint for the single RSVP session and a second media aggregation manager located geographically proximate to the second user community serving as a second endpoint for the single RSVP session, the single RSVP session being pre-allocated based upon information regarding estimated usage of network resources for the real-time communications based upon historical data;

multiplexing a first set of real-time communication flows associated with individual application sessions involving one or more source terminals from the first user community and one or more destination terminals from the second user community onto the single RSVP session at the first media aggregation manager;

multiplexing a second set of real-time communication flows associated with individual application sessions involving one or more source terminals from the second user community and one or more destination terminals from the first user community onto the single RSVP session at the second media aggregation manager;

demultiplexing, at the second media aggregation manager, the first set of real-time communication flows and directing resulting demultiplexed real-time communication flows to appropriate terminals in the second user community; and

demultiplexing, at the first media aggregation manager, the second set of Teal-time communication flows and directing resulting demultiplexed real-time communication flows to appropriate terminals in the first user community.

44. A method comprising:

providing a first media aggregation manager at an edge of a first local area network on which a first set of terminals of an enterprise reside, the first set of terminals running a first set of local applications on behalf of which the first media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling proxy by (i) returning its own signaling address in response to requests received for signaling addresses of any terminal of the first set of terminals, and (ii) substituting its own signaling address in place of a signaling address provided in a signaling address response directed to any terminal of the first set of terminals thereby causing subsequent call signaling and control signaling to be routed through the first media aggregation manager,

providing a second media aggregation manager at an edge of a second local area network on which a second set of terminals of the enterprise reside, the second media aggregation manager configure to act as a signaling proxy by (i) returning its own signaling address in response to requests received for signaling addresses of any terminal of the second set of terminals, and (ii) substituting its own signaling address in place of a signaling address provided in a signaling address response directed to any terminal of the second set of terminals thereby causing subsequent call signaling and control signaling to be routed through the second media aggregation manager;

receiving an indication of a predetermined amount of bandwidth to accommodate an anticipated load offered by a plurality of applications running on the first set of terminals and the second set of terminals for real-time communication among the plurality of applications;

reserving the predetermined portion of available bandwidth over a path through an enterprise network communicatively coupling the first media aggregation manager and the second media aggregation manager for the real-time communication as a real-time bandwidth pool; and

sharing the real-time bandwidth pool among the plurality of applications by, responsive to reservation protocol requests issued by terminals of the first set of terminals and the second set of terminals, the first media aggregation manager and second media aggregation manager selectively establishing real-time communication sessions associated with the plurality of applications through the path based upon currently available resources in the real-time bandwidth pool.

45. A method comprising:

providing a first media aggregation manager at an edge of a first local area network wherein the first media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling and control proxy;

providing a second media aggregation manager at an edge of a second local area network the second media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling and control proxy;

allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session over a path between the first media aggregation manager and the second media aggregation manager based upon an expected usage of the path for real-time communication sessions between a first set of applications associated with the first local area network and a second set of applications associated with the second local area network; and

multiplexing a plurality of application flows associated with real-time communication sessions involving one or more source applications of the first set of local applications and one or more destination applications of the second set of local applications onto the reservation protocol session at the first media aggregation manager.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session is performed dynamically based on information provided by a centralized entity.

47. The method of claim 45, wherein allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session comprises pre-allocating the reservation protocol session based on information provided by a centralized entity.

48. The method of claim 45, wherein expected usage is based on historical information.

49. The method of claim 45, wherein expected usage is based on an estimate of usage.

50. The method of claim 45, further comprising demultiplexing the plurality of application flows at the second media aggregation manager.

51. The method of claim 45, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session.

52. The method of claim 45, wherein at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.

53. The method of claim 45, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session and at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.

54. The method of claim 45, further comprising:

forming an encapsulated packet by appending a tag to a media packet received at the first media aggregation manager from a source local application/endpoint of the one or more source applications, the tag including information to allow the second media aggregation manager to determine a destination local application/endpoint of the one or more destination applications; and

removing the tag at the second media aggregation manager prior to forwarding the media packet to the destination local application/endpoint.

55. A method comprising:

allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session over a path between a first media aggregation manager and a second media aggregation manager based upon an expected usage of the path for real-time communication sessions between a first set of applications associated with a first local area network and a second set of applications associated with a second local area network;

multiplexing a plurality of application flows associated with real-time communication sessions involving one or more source applications of the first set of applications and one or more destination applications of the second set of applications onto the reservation protocol session at the first media aggregation manager;

the first media aggregation manager encapsulating media packets associated with the plurality of application flows by appending tags, the tags including information to allow the second media aggregation manager to determine an appropriate destination application of the one or more destination applications;

removing the tags from the media packets at the second media aggregation manager prior to forwarding the media packets to the appropriate destination application.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein said allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session is performed dynamically based on information provided by a centralized entity.

57. The method of claim 55, wherein said allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session comprises pre-allocating the reservation protocol session based on information provided by a centralized entity.

58. The method of claim 55, wherein the expected usage is based on historical information.

59. The method of claim 55, wherein the expected usage is based on an estimate of projected real-time communication sessions between the first set of applications and the second set of applications.

60. The method of claim 55, further comprising demultiplexing the plurality of application flows at the second media aggregation manager.

61. The method of claim 55, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session.

62. The method of claim 55, wherein at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.

63. The method of claim 55, wherein at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a SIP session.

64. The method of claim 55, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session and at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.

65. A method comprising:

providing a first media aggregation manager at an edge of a first local area network on which a first set of tills runs a first set of local applications on behalf of which the first media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling and control proxy;

providing a second media aggregation manager at an edge of a second local area network on which a second set of terminals runs a second set of local applications on behalf of which the second media aggregation manager is configured to act as a signaling and control proxy;

allocating a reservation protocol session over a path between the first media aggregation manager and the second media aggregation manager based upon an expected, usage of the path for real-time communication sessions between the first set of local applications and the second set of local applications;

encapsulating media packets associated with real-time communication sessions involving one or more source applications of the first set of local applications and one or more destination applications of the second set of local applications, by appending tags to the media packets; and

multiplexing a plurality of application flows associated with the real-time communication sessions onto the reservation protocol session at the first media aggregation manager.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein said allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session is performed dynamically based on information provided by a centralized entity.

67. The method of claim 65, wherein said allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session comprises pre-allocating the reservation protocol session based on information provided by a centralized entity.

68. The method of claim 65, wherein the expected usage is based on historical information.

69. The method of claim 65, wherein the expected usage is based on an estimate of projected real-time communication sessions between the first set of applications and the second set of applications.

70. The method of claim 65, further comprising demultiplexing the plurality of application flows at the second media aggregation manager.

71. The method of claim 65, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session.

72. The method of claim 65, wherein at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.

73. The method of claim 65, wherein at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a SIP session.

74. The method of claim 65, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session and at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.

75. The method of claim 65, further comprising removing the tag at the second media aggregation manager prior to forwarding the media packet to the destination local application/endpoint.

76. A method comprising:

providing a first media aggregation manager at an edge of a first local area network;

providing a second media aggregation manager at an edge of a second local area network;

the first media aggregation manager dynamically allocating a reservation protocol session over a path between the first media aggregation manager and a second media aggregation manager based upon an expected usage of the path for real-time communication sessions between a first set of terminals fronted by the first media aggregation manager and a second set of terminals fronted by the second media aggregation manager;

the first media aggregation manager multiplexing a plurality of application flows associated with the real-time communication sessions onto the reservation protocol session by encapsulating media packets of the plurality of application flows with tags appended to the media packets;

the second media aggregation manager receiving a multiplexed signal from the first media aggregation manager comprising information associated with the plurality of application flows;

the second media aggregation manager demultiplexing the plurality of application flows and removing the tags prior to forwarding the media packets to destination applications running on the second set of terminals.

77. The method of claim 76, wherein said allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session is performed dynamically based on information provided by a centralized entity.

78. The method of claim 76 wherein said allocating bandwidth in a reservation protocol session comprises pre-allocating the reservation protocol session based on information provided by a centralized entity.

79. The method of claim 76, wherein the expected usage is based on historical information.

80. The method of claim 76, wherein the expected usage is based on an estimate of projected real-time communication sessions between the first set of applications and the second set of applications.

81. The method of claim 76, further comprising demultiplexing the plurality of application flows at the second media aggregation manager.

82. The method of claim 76, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session.

83. The method of claim 76, wherein at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.

84. The method of claim 76, wherein at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a SIP session.

85. The method of claim 76, wherein the reservation protocol session comprises a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) session and at least one of the real-time communication sessions comprises a H.323 session.