Electroluminescent devices and method of making transparent cathodes
First Claim
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1. A substantially transparent and conductive cathode, comprising;
- a first layer;
a barrier layer on the first layer;
a second layer on the barrier layer; and
a third layer on the second layer,wherein the third layer is comprised of an alkaline earth metal,wherein the substantially transparent and conductive cathode is produced by exposing the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer to a medium, wherein any one of;
(1) the second layer reacts with the third layer;
(2) the second layer reacts with the medium, and the third layer also reacts with the medium;
(3) the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer react together;
or (4) the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the medium react together.
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention pertains to an electrode that is substantially transparent and conductive and that is incorporated within an organic electronic device. This electrode includes a first layer and a second layer that is on the first layer. The electrode optionally includes a third layer on the second layer. The first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are exposed to a medium and reactions between various combinations of the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the medium produce the substantially transparent and conductive electrode.
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Citations
28 Claims
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1. A substantially transparent and conductive cathode, comprising;
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a first layer; a barrier layer on the first layer; a second layer on the barrier layer; and a third layer on the second layer, wherein the third layer is comprised of an alkaline earth metal, wherein the substantially transparent and conductive cathode is produced by exposing the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer to a medium, wherein any one of;
(1) the second layer reacts with the third layer;
(2) the second layer reacts with the medium, and the third layer also reacts with the medium;
(3) the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer react together;
or (4) the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the medium react together. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. A method to produce a substantially transparent and conductive cathode, comprising:
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depositing a first layer; depositing a second layer on the first layer; and exposing the first layer and the second layer to a medium, wherein the substantially transparent and conductive cathode is produced by any one of;
(1) the second layer reacting with the medium;
(2) the first layer reacting with the medium and the second layer also reacting with the medium;
(3) the first layer reacting wit the second layer; and
(4) the first layer, the second layer, and the medium reacting together,wherein the first layer is comprised of barium, calcium, magnesium, lithium, or a mixture thereof, and the second layer is comprised of silver or aluminum. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. A method to produce a substantially transparent and conductive cathode, comprising:
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depositing a first layer; depositing a second layer on the first layer; depositing a third layer on the second layer; and
exposing the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer to a medium, wherein the substantially transparent and conductive cathode is produced by any one of;
(1) the second layer reacts with the third layer;
(2) the second layer reacts with the medium, and the third layer also reacts with the medium;
(3) the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer react together, or (4) the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the medium react together,wherein the first layer is comprised of barium, calcium, magnesium, lithium, or a mixture thereof, and the second layer is comprised of silver or aluminum. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A substantially transparent and conductive cathode, comprising:
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a first layer; a second layer on the first layer; and a third layer on the second layer, wherein the third layer is comprised of an alkaline earth metal, wherein the substantially transparent and conductive cathode is produced by exposing the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer to a medium, wherein any one of;
(1) the second layer reacts with the third layer;
(2) the second layer reacts with the medium, and the third layer also reacts with the medium;
(3) the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer react together;
or (4) the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the medium react together,wherein the first layer is comprised of an electron injecting material that has a thickness from about 1 nm to about 4 nm, the second layer is comprised of a conductive material that has a thickness from about 20 nm to about 30 nm, and the third layer is comprised of a reactive metal that has a thickness from about 20 nm to about 30 nm. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28)
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Specification