Method and apparatus for sensing and transmitting a body characteristic of a host

• US 7,015,826 B1
• Filed: 04/02/2002
• Issued: 03/21/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Destron Fearing Corporation (Merck & Co., Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Digital Angel Corporation
• Inventors: Chan, Vincent K., Mejia, Ezequiel
• Primary Examiner(s): Horabik, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dang, Hung
• Application Number:
  US10/114,875
• Time in Patent Office: 1,449 Days
• Field of Search: 340/870.17, 340/10.3, 340/572.1, 702/85, 702/99, 702/104, 327/513, 374/181, 374/182
• US Class Current: 340/870.17
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 11/006 Automatic identification systems for animals, e.g. electronic devices, transponders for animals identification systems for access to feeding pens A01K1/0209; ear tags with electronic identification means A01K11/004
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 29/00 Other apparatus for animal husbandry
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 1/024 for remote indication
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 7/015 using microstructures, e.g. made of silicon
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0717 the sensor being capable of sensing environmental conditions such as temperature history or pressure
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/47 using RFID associated with sensors
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/75 by polling or interrogating the sub-stations
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 9/00 Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom

Abstract

A passive transponder including an integrated sensor is disclosed. The transponder receives an interrogation signal from a scanner, and is operable to transmit identification information and body characteristic information to a scanner. The scanner is operable to receive the identification and body characteristic information and display and/or store the information. The sensor is integrated into the transponder. If temperature is to be sensed, the transponder determines the temperature of the host using the temperature dependent characteristics of the P-N junction of the integrated circuit.

Claims

1. A temperature sensing transponder, comprising:

an antenna portion operable to receive an interrogation signal from a reader and to transmit a data signal to the reader, said data signal including identification information and temperature information;

an integrated circuit operatively associated with said antenna portion having a memory portion containing an identifier uniquely associated with the transponder and an integrated temperature sensor portion, said integrated temperature sensor portion including a temperature sensor and said temperature sensor including first and second bipolar junction transistor portions such that said temperature sensor is operable to generate an analog temperature signal which corresponds to a temperature of said temperature sensor, said integrated circuit operable to receive said interrogation signal from said antenna portion, and generate said data signal for transmission by said antenna portion,

wherein said integrated circuit includes data related to said integrated temperature sensor portion, said data stored in said integrated circuit prior to said integrated circuit being operatively associated with said antenna portion, and

wherein said first bipolar junction transistor portion contains a bipolar junction transistor and said second bipolar transistor portion contains a plurality of bipolar junction transistors.

2. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second bipolar junction transistor portions are operated at a substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities, and said analog temperature signal corresponds to a difference in base-emitter voltages between said first and second bipolar junction transistor portions.

3. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 2, wherein:

said constant ratio of emitter current densities is greater than 1;

1, and is preferably within the range of about 4;

1 to 16;

1, and is most preferably about 8;

1.

4. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data signal includes at least one identification signal containing said identification information and at least one temperature signal containing said temperature information.

5. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 4, wherein said data signal includes three of said identification signals and one temperature signal.

6. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 4, wherein said identification signal includes a first header and an identification code, and said temperature signal includes a second header and a temperature code.

7. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data signal includes said identification information and said temperature information in a single signal structure.

8. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 7, wherein said single signal structure includes a header, an identification code, a CRC, and a temperature code.

9. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated circuit is operable to store history information in said memory, and transmit said history information in response to an interrogation.

10. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 9, wherein said history information includes additional identification information.

11. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data signal is FDXA compatible.

12. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data signal is FDXB compatible.

13. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated circuit is programmable to generate said data signal in an FDXA or FDXB compatible format.

14. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated temperature sensor portion outputs an analog temperature signal which corresponds to a temperature of said temperature sensor, and wherein said integrated circuit is operable to generate a digital temperature value based on said analog temperature signal and said data stored in said memory portion.

15. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 14, wherein said data includes an analog trim value and a digital trim value.

16. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 15, wherein said analog trim value is based on a difference between a measured analog temperature signal and an expected analog temperature signal.

17. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 15, wherein said digital trim value is based on a difference between a measured digital temperature signal and an expected digital temperature signal.

18. A temperature sensing transponder, comprising:

an antenna portion operable to receive an interrogation signal from a reader and to transmit a data signal to the reader, said data signal including identification information and temperature information;

an integrated circuit operatively associated with said antenna portion having a memory portion containing an identifier uniquely associated with the transponder and an integrated temperature sensor portion, said integrated circuit operable to receive said interrogation signal from said antenna portion, and generate said data signal for transmission by said antenna portion,

wherein said integrated circuit includes data related to said integrated temperature sensor portion, said data stored in said integrated circuit prior to said integrated circuit being operatively associated with said antenna portion;

wherein said integrated circuit includes a selection circuit operable to select between a first and a second communication mode;

wherein, when said first communication mode is selected, said integrated circuit generates a first signal for inclusion in said data signal containing identification information and a second signal for inclusion in said data signal containing temperature information; and

wherein, when said second communication mode is selected, said integrated circuit generates a single signal for inclusion in said data signal containing identification and temperature information.

19. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 18, wherein:

said integrated temperature sensor portion includes a temperature sensor and is operable to generate an analog temperature signal which corresponds to a temperature of said temperature sensor.

20. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 19, wherein said temperature sensor includes P-N junction.

21. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 19, wherein said temperature sensor includes first and second bipolar junction transistor portions.

22. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 19, wherein:

said temperature sensor is a silicon temperature sensor.

23. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 19, wherein:

said temperature sensor is a germanium temperature sensor.

24. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 19, wherein:

said temperature sensor is a gallium-arsenide temperature sensor.

25. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 19, wherein:

said integrated circuit includes an analog to digital converter, said analog to digital converter being operable to receive said analog temperature signal and convert said analog temperature signal into a digital temperature code.

26. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 25, wherein:

said data related to said integrated temperature sensor includes an analog trim value and said integrated circuit is operable to adjust said analog temperature signal based on said analog trim value.

27. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 25, wherein:

said data related to said integrated temperature sensor includes a fine trim value, and said integrated circuit contains a serial adder operable to read said fine trim value from said memory and add said digital temperature code to said fine trim value to create said temperature information.

28. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 18, wherein said first signal is in a FDXA format.

29. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 18, wherein said single signal is in a FDXB format.

30. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 18, wherein said integrated circuit is operable to store history information in said memory, and transmit said history information in response to an interrogation.

31. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 30, wherein said history information includes additional identification information.

32. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 18, wherein said integrated circuit is programmable to generate said data signal in an FDXA or FDXB compatible format.

33. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 18, wherein said integrated temperature sensor portion outputs an analog temperature signal which corresponds to a temperature of said temperature sensor, and wherein said integrated circuit is operable to generate a digital temperature value based on said analog temperature signal and said data stored in said memory portion.

34. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 33, wherein said data includes an analog trim value and a digital trim value.

35. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 34, wherein said analog trim value is based on a difference between a measured analog temperature signal and an expected analog temperature signal.

36. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 34, wherein said digital trim value is based on a difference between a measured digital temperature signal and an expected digital temperature signal.

37. A temperature sensing transponder, as claimed in claim 18, wherein said data related to said temperature sensor portion is calibration data.

38. A method for transmitting identification and temperature information from a transponder, comprising:

retrieving identification information from a memory within said transponder;

sensing an analog temperature signal from a temperature sensor within said transponder, said temperature sensor having first and second bipolar junction transistor portions operated at a substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities which is greater than 1;

1, said analog temperature signal corresponding to a difference in base-emitter voltages between said first and second bipolar junction transistor portions;

determining a calibrated digital temperature of said transponder, said calibrated temperature based on said analog temperature signal;

formatting said identification information and said calibrated digital temperature into a data structure; and

transmitting said data structure.

39. A method, as claimed in claim 38, wherein said determining a calibrated digital temperature step comprises:

reading said analog temperature signal at an analog to digital converter;

converting said analog temperature signal into a digital temperature value at said analog to digital converter;

reading said digital temperature value at a processor; and

adding a compensation value to said digital temperature value to obtain said calibrated digital temperature value.

40. A method, as claimed in claim 38, wherein said first data structure includes a telegram containing said identification information and said calibrated digital temperature information.

41. A method, as claimed in claim 40, wherein said telegram includes a header, an identification code, a CRC, and a trailer which contains said temperature information.

42. A method, as claimed in claim 39, wherein said compensation value is a linear offset.

43. A method, as claimed in claim 42, wherein said linear offset is a trim value.

44. A method, as claimed in claim 43, wherein said trim value is an analog trim value.

45. A method, as claimed in claim 43, wherein said trim value is a digital trim value.

46. A method, as claimed in claim 43, wherein said trim value includes an analog trim value and a digital trim value.

47. A method, as claimed in claim 38, wherein said transponder is a passive transponder.

48. A method, as claimed in claim 38, wherein said transponder is an implantable transponder.

49. A method, as claimed in claim 38, further comprising basing said analog temperature signal on a current corresponding to said difference in base-emitter voltages between said first and second bipolar junction transistor portions.

50. A method, as claimed in claim 38, further comprising basing said analog temperature signal on a voltage corresponding to said difference in base-emitter voltages between said first and second bipolar junction transistor portions.

51. A method, as claimed in claim 38, wherein said substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities is within the range of about 4:

1 to 16;

1.

52. A method, as claimed in claim 38, wherein said substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities is within the range of about 8:

1.

53. A method for identifying an object and a temperature associated therewith, comprising the steps of:

transmitting an interrogation signal from a reader;

detecting said interrogation signal at a transponder;

determining a selected communication mode at said transponder;

transmitting an encoded identification and calibrated temperature signal from said transponder to said reader, wherein said encoded identification and calibrated temperature signal contains identification and calibrated temperature information in a first transmission-structure when a first communication mode is selected, and said encoded identification and calibrated temperature signal contains identification and calibrated temperature information in a second transmission structure when a second communication mode is selected;

receiving said encoded identification and calibrated temperature signal at said reader; and

decoding identification information and temperature information at said reader, wherein at least said identification information is contained in a standardized format within said encoded identification and calibrated temperature signal, and wherein said temperature information is the actual temperature of said object.

54. A method, as claimed in claim 53, wherein said standardized format complies with ISO standard 11785.

55. A method, as claimed in claim 53, wherein said transmitting an encoded identification and temperature signal step comprises:

reading identification information from a memory;

determining a calibrated temperature of said transponder using an integrated temperature sensor;

formatting said identification information and temperature information into at least one telegram; and

transmitting said at least one telegram as said encoded identification and temperature signal from said transponder to said reader.

56. A method, as claimed in claim 53, wherein, when said first communication mode is selected, said first transmission structure is a FDXB telegram and said temperature information is included in a trailer field within said FDXB telegram.

57. A method, as claimed in claim 53, further comprising:

generating an encoded identification and temperature calibration signal comprising converting said analog temperature signal into a digital temperature code.

58. A method, as claimed in claim 53, further comprising:

generating an encoded identification and temperature calibration signal comprising converting said analog temperature signal based on an analog trim value.

59. A method, as claimed in claim 53, further comprising:

reading a fine trim value from said memory and using said fine trim value to create said calibrated temperature information.

60. A method, as claimed in claim 53, wherein, when said second communication mode is selected, said second transmission structure comprises multiple FDXA telegrams and wherein at least a first FDXA telegram includes identification information and at least a second FDXA telegram includes temperature information.

61. A method, as claimed in claim 55, wherein further determining a calibrated temperature of said transponder using an integrated temperature sensor comprises generating an analog temperature signal which corresponds to a temperature of said temperature sensor.

62. A method, as claimed in claim 61, wherein said temperature sensor comprises first and second bipolar junction transistor portions operating at a substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities, and wherein generating said analog temperature signal comprises comparing the difference in base emitter voltages between said first and second bipolar junction transistor portions.

63. A method, as claim in claim 61, wherein determining said calibrated temperature information comprises sensing an analog temperature signal from said temperature sensor, adjusting said analog temperature signal temperature with an analog trim value and converting the adjusted analog temperature signal into a digital temperature code.

64. A system for identifying an object and a temperature associated therewith, comprising:

an interrogator operable to send an interrogation signal and operable to receive a responsive identification and temperature signal; and

a transponder, having an integrated temperature sensor and a selection circuit, operable to detect said interrogation signal and operable to transmit said identification and temperature signal in response to said interrogation signal,

wherein, when a first communication mode is selected at said selection circuit, said identification and temperature signal includes a first telegram containing identification information and a second telegram containing temperature information, wherein said temperature information includes an actual temperature of the object, and

wherein, when a second communication mode is selected at said selection circuit, said identification and temperature signal includes at least one telegram containing identification information and temperature information, wherein said temperature information includes an actual temperature of the object.

65. A system, as claimed in claim 64, wherein said interrogator and said transponder are inductively coupled, such that said transponder is powered by said interrogation signal transmitted by said interrogator.

66. A system, as claimed in claim 64, wherein said first telegram includes a first header field and an identification field which correspond to ISO standard 11785.

67. A system, as claimed in claim 66, wherein said second telegram includes a second header field and a temperature information field containing a digital value which is associated with a temperature of said integrated temperature sensor.

68. A system, as claimed in claim 67, wherein said first header field is different that said second header field.

69. A system, as claimed in claim 68, wherein said interrogator is operable to detect said first telegram based on said first header field and said second telegram based on said second header field.

70. A method, as claimed in claim 65, wherein, when said second communication mode is selected, said second transmission structure is a plurality of telegrams with said identification information in at least one FDXA telegram and said temperature information in at least one telegram having the same number of bits as said FDXA telegram.

71. A system, as claimed in claim 64, wherein said integrated temperature sensor is operable to generate an analog to temperature signal which corresponds to a temperature of said temperature sensor.

72. A system, as claimed in claim 71, wherein said temperature sensor includes a PN junction.

73. A system, as claimed in claim 71, wherein said temperature sensor includes first and second bipolar junction transistor portions.

74. A system, as claimed in claim 73, wherein said first and second bipolar junction transistor portions are operated at a substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities, and said analog temperature signal corresponds to a difference in base emitter voltages between said first and second bipolar junction transistor portions.

75. A system, as claimed in claim 74, wherein said constant ratio of emitter current densities is greater than 1:

1.

76. A system, as claimed in claim 71, wherein said temperature sensor is a silicon temperature sensor.

77. A system, as claimed in claim 71, wherein said temperature sensor is a germanium temperature sensor.

78. A system, as claimed in claim 71, wherein said temperature sensor is a gallium-arsenide temperature sensor.

79. A system for identifying an object and a temperature associated therewith, comprising:

an interrogator operable to send an interrogation signal and operable to receive a responsive identification and temperature signal; and

a transponder, having an integrated temperature sensor having a first bipolar junction transistor portion and a second bipolar junction transistor portion operated at a substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities, operable to detect said interrogation signal and operable to transmit said identification and temperature signal in response to said interrogation signal,

wherein said identification and temperature signal includes a telegram containing identification information and temperature information, wherein said temperature information includes an actual temperature of the object, said temperature information based on a difference in base-emitter voltages between said first bipolar junction transistor portion and said second bipolar junction transistor portion, and wherein said constant ratio of emitter current densities is greater than 1;

1.

80. A system, as claimed in claim 79, wherein said interrogator and said transponder are inductively coupled, such that said transponder is powered by said interrogation signal transmitted by said interrogator.

81. A system, as claimed in claim 79, wherein said identification and temperature telegram includes a header field, an identification field, a CRC field, and a trailer field which correspond to ISO standard 11785.

82. A system, as claimed in claim 79, wherein said identification and transponder telegram includes a trailer field containing a digital value which is associated with said temperature of said integrated temperature sensor.

83. A system, as claimed in claim 82, wherein said interrogator is operable to determine a temperature of said transponder based on said digital value contained in said trailer field.

84. A method, as claimed in claim 79, wherein said substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities is within the range of about 4:

1 to 16;

1.

85. A method, as claimed in claim 79, wherein said substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities is within the range of about 8:

1.

86. A method for transmitting identification and body characteristic information from a passive transponder, comprising:

retrieving identification information from a memory within the transponder;

determining a calibrated body characteristic value from a sensor within said transponder, said calibrated body characteristic value based on a sensed value from said sensor and at least one calibration value determined prior to said sensor being incorporated into said passive transponder;

formatting said identification information into a first data structure and formatting said calibrated body characteristic value into a second data structure;

transmitting said first data structure; and

transmitting said second data structure.

87. A method, as claimed in claim 86, wherein said determining a calibrated body characteristic value step comprises:

reading an analog current from said sensor; and

determining said calibrated body characteristic value based on said analog current.

88. A method, as claimed in claim 86, wherein said determining a calibrated body characteristic value step comprises:

reading an analog voltage from said sensor; and

determining said calibrated body characteristic value based on said analog voltage.

89. A method, as claimed in claim 86, wherein said determining a calibrated body characteristic value step comprises:

reading an analog current from said sensor at an analog to digital converter;

converting said analog current into a digital value at said analog to digital converter;

reading said digital value at a processor; and

adding a compensation value to said digital value to obtain said calibrated body characteristic value.

90. A method, as claimed in claim 86, wherein said determining a calibrated body characteristic value step comprises:

reading an analog voltage from said sensor at an analog to digital converter;

converting said analog voltage into a digital value at said analog to digital converter;

reading said digital value at a processor; and

adding a compensation value to said digital value to obtain said calibrated body characteristic value.

91. A method, as claimed in claim 86, wherein said first data structure includes an identification signal containing said identification information and said second data structure includes a body characteristic value signal containing said body characteristic value information.

92. A method, as claimed in claim 91, wherein identification signal includes a first header and an identification code, and said body characteristic value signal includes a second header and a body characteristic value code.

93. A method, as claimed in claim 86, wherein said transmitting said first data structure step includes transmitting said first data structure a predetermined number of times and said transmitting said second data structure step includes transmitting said second data structure a predetermined number of times.

94. A method, as claimed in claim 93, wherein said transmitting said first data structure step includes transmitting said first data structure three times in succession and said transmitting said second data structure step includes transmitting said second data structure once.

95. A transponder which is operable to sense a body characteristic of a host animal, comprising:

an antenna portion operable to receive an interrogation signal from a reader and to transmit a data signal to the reader, said data signal including identification information and body characteristic information; and

an integrated circuit having a memory portion containing an identifier uniquely associated with the transponder, a selection circuit operable to select between a first and a second communication mode, and a sensor portion, said integrated circuit operable to receive said interrogation signal from said antenna portion, and generate said data signal for transmission by said antenna portion,

wherein when said first communication mode is selected, said integrated circuit generates said data signal in a first auto transmission format, containing identification information and temperature information, and

wherein, when said second communication mode is selected, said integrated circuit generates said data signal in a second auto transmission format, containing identification and temperature information.

96. A transponder, as claimed in claim 95, wherein:

said body characteristic information is the body temperature of the host animal.

97. A transponder, as claimed in claim 95, wherein said first auto transmission format comprises at least a first telegram including said identification information and a second telegram including said temperature information, and said second auto transmission format comprises at least a single telegram containing said identification and temperature information.

98. A transponder, as claimed in claim 95, wherein said first auto transmission format is an FDXB format.

99. A transponder, as claimed in claim 95, wherein said second transmission format is an FDXA format.

100. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, comprising:

an interrogator operable to send an interrogation signal and operable to receive a responsive identification and body characteristic signal; and

a transponder, including in integrated circuit having an integrated sensor having a first bipolar junction transistor portion and a second bipolar junction transistor portion operated at a substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities, operable to detect said interrogation signal and operable to transmit said identification and body characteristic signal in response to said interrogation signal,

wherein said identification and body characteristic signal includes a first telegram containing identification information and a second telegram containing body characteristic information, and

wherein said body characteristic information is based on a difference in base-emitter voltages between said first bipolar junction transistor portion and said second bipolar junction transistor portion, and wherein said constant ratio of emitter current densities is greater than 1;

1.

101. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, as claimed in claim 100, wherein:

said body characteristic is the body temperature of a host animal.

102. A method, as claimed in claim 100, wherein said substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities is within the range of about 4:

1 to 16;

1.

103. A method, as claimed in claim 100, wherein said substantially constant ratio of emitter current densities is within the range of about 8:

1.

104. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, as claimed in claim 100, wherein said identification and body characteristic signal comprises multiple first telegrams and a single second telegram.

105. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, as claimed in claim 100, wherein said identification and body signal comprises multiple second telegrams and one first telegram.

106. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, as claimed in claim 100, wherein said first and second telegrams are transmitted in an FDXA format.

107. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, as claimed in claim 100, wherein said first and second telegrams are transmitted in an FDXB format.

108. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, as claimed in claim 100, further comprising memory associated with said integrated circuit and history information stored in said memory, wherein said transponder is operable to transmit said history information in response to an interrogation.

109. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, as claimed in claim 101, further comprising a memory portion associated with said transponder, wherein said integrated sensor outputs an analog temperature signal corresponding to the temperature of the sensor and wherein the integrated circuit generates a digital temperature value based upon said analog temperature signal and data stored in said memory.

110. A system for identifying an object and a body characteristic associated therewith, as claimed in claim 109, wherein said data is a single parameter.

111. A system for identifying an object and a temperature associated therewith, comprising:

an interrogator operable to send an interrogation signal and operable to receive a responsive identification and temperature signal; and

a passive transponder, including an integrated circuit operatively associated with an antenna, said integrated circuit having an integrated temperature sensor, and said integrated circuit including calibration data related to said integrated temperature sensor, said calibration data stored in said integrated circuit prior to said integrated circuit being operatively associated with said antenna and used to create said temperature signal,

wherein said passive transponder is operable to detect said interrogation signal and operable to transmit said identification and temperature signal in response to said interrogation signal.

112. A system, as claimed in claim 111, wherein said identification and temperature signal includes a cyclical stream of data structures, wherein each data structure includes identification and actual temperature information.

113. A system, as claimed in claim 111, wherein said identification and temperature signal includes a cyclical stream of data structures including a first data structure and a second data structure, wherein identification information is included in said first data structure and temperature information is included in said second data structure.

114. A system, as claimed in claim 113, wherein said cyclical stream of data structure includes a cyclical transmission of said first and second data structures.