Creating and identifying synthetic aperture radar images having tilt angle diversity

• US 7,015,855 B1
• Filed: 08/12/2005
• Issued: 03/21/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 08/12/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Van Allen, Russell N., Medl, Thomas E., Hughen, James H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gregory, Bernarr E.
• Application Number:
  US11/204,335
• Time in Patent Office: 221 Days
• Field of Search: 342 25 R- 25 F, 342/89, 342/90, 342/175, 342189-197, 342 73- 81, 382/100, 382/103
• US Class Current: 342/25.00A
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9027 Pattern recognition for feature extraction
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9041 Squint mode
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/412 based on a comparison between measured values and known or stored values
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/42 Diversity systems specially adapted for radar
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/254 of classification results, e.g. of results related to same input data
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 20/13 Satellite images

Abstract

An apparatus for and method of employing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to automatically classify a target comprising emitting and collecting SAR signals at a plurality of squint angles, forming a plurality of SAR images of the target from the collected signals, the plurality of SAR images substantially having tilt angle diversity, automatically classifying the target from each of the plurality of SAR images, and generating a most probable target classification from the classifications of the plurality of SAR images.

Claims

1. An apparatus for employing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to automatically classify a target, said apparatus comprising:

a SAR emitter and collector capable of operating at a plurality of squint angles;

an image formation processor receiving data from said collector and forming a plurality of SAR images of the target, said plurality of SAR images substantially having tilt angle diversity;

an image identification processor automatically classifying the target from each of said plurality of SAR images; and

a target classification processor receiving classifications from said image identification processor and generating a most probable target classification from said received classifications.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the increment between tilt angles for successive SAR images can be at least approximately 1 degree.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the increment between tilt angles for successive SAR images can be at least approximately 8 degrees.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said plurality of SAR images can number at least seven.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 additionally comprising a flight platform carrying said SAR emitter and collector.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said flight platform is capable of performing at least approximately a 90 degree turn about a stationary target.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said SAR emitter and collector operates in one or more electromagnetic radiation bands selected from the group consisting of millimeter wave and X band.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said SAR emitter and collector operates in the millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation band.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said target classification processor employs a Bayes probabilistic combining technique.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said target classification processor employs a correlation plane peaks accumulation technique.

11. A method of employing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to automatically classify a target, the method comprising the steps of:

emitting and collecting SAR signals at a plurality of squint angles;

forming a plurality of SAR images of the target from the collected signals, the plurality of SAR images substantially having tilt angle diversity;

automatically classifying the target from each of the plurality of SAR images; and

generating a most probable target classification from the classifications of the plurality of SAR images.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the increment between tilt angles for successive SAR images is at least approximately 1 degree.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the increment between tilt angles for successive SAR images is at least approximately 8 degrees.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the plurality of SAR images numbers at least seven.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the emitting step comprises employing a flight platform carrying the SAR emitter and collector.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the flight platform performs at least approximately a 90 degree turn about a stationary target during operation of the method.

17. The method of claim 11 wherein the SAR emitter and collector operates in one or more electromagnetic radiation bands selected from the group consisting of millimeter wave and X band.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the SAR emitter and collector operates in the millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation band.

19. The method of claim 11 wherein the generating step comprises employing a Bayes probabilistic combining technique.

20. The method of claim 11 wherein the generating step comprises employing a correlation plane peaks accumulation technique.