Non-invasive determination of direction and rate of change of an analyte
First Claim
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1. A method for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a first tissue compartment, comprising:
- a. irradiating the first tissue compartment;
b. measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a first output signal;
c. after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a second output signal;
d. determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the first tissue compartment from the first and second output signals; and
determining a first analyte property in the first tissue compartment, and determining a second analyte property in a second tissue compartment from the first analyte property and the characteristic of change.
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Abstract
The present invention relates generally to a non-invasive method and apparatus for measuring a fluid analyte, particularly relating to glucose or alcohol contained in blood or tissue, utilizing spectroscopic methods. More particularly, the method and apparatus incorporate means for detecting and quantifying changes in the concentration of specific analytes in tissue fluid. Also, the method and apparatus can be used to predict future levels of analyte concentration either in the tissue fluid or in blood in an adjacent vascular system.
511 Citations
23 Claims
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1. A method for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a first tissue compartment, comprising:
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a. irradiating the first tissue compartment; b. measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a first output signal; c. after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a second output signal; d. determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the first tissue compartment from the first and second output signals; and determining a first analyte property in the first tissue compartment, and determining a second analyte property in a second tissue compartment from the first analyte property and the characteristic of change. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A method for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a first tissue compartment, comprising:
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a. irradiating the first tissue compartment; b. measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a first output signal; c. after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a second output signal; d. determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the first tissue compartment from the first and second output signals; and f. determining a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a second tissue compartment from the characteristic of change in the first tissue compartment.
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10. A method for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a first tissue compartment, comprising:
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a. irradiating the first tissue compartment; b. measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a first output signal; c. after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a second output signal; d. determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the first tissue compartment from the first and second output signals; wherein the analyte is alcohol. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
b. measuring a signal comprises capturing radiation at a plurality of selected frequencies emanating from the tissue at a first time and a second time.
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17. The method of claim 16, further including the step of providing means for accelerating changes in concentration of the analyte in the tissue during the interval between the first and second times.
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18. The method of claim 16, further including the step of determining a present concentration of the analyte in a second tissue compartment from the captured radiation.
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19. A method for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a first tissue compartment, comprising:
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a. irradiating the first tissue compartment; b. measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a first output signal; c. after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a second output signal; d. determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the first tissue compartment from the first and second output signals; wherein determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property comprises determination of a characteristic of change in more than one analyte.
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20. A method for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a first tissue compartment, comprising:
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a. irradiating the first tissue compartment; b. measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a first output signal; c. after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a second output signal; d. determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the first tissue compartment from the first and second output signals wherein the first tissue compartment comprises blood.
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21. An apparatus for determining a direction and rate of change in concentration of an analyte in tissue comprising:
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a. energy means for irradiating a first tissue compartment in the tissue; b. output means for measuring a signal from the tissue; and c. determination means for determining the direction and rate of change in concentration of the analyte in the tissue; wherein the determination means includes differentiation means for performing the mathematical function of differentiation upon at least one selected frequency of the optical signal over time.
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22. A method for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a first tissue compartment, comprising:
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a. irradiating the first tissue compartment; b. measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a first output signal; c. after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a second output signal; d. determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the first tissue compartment from the first and second output signals;
whereine. the characteristic of change in an analyte property comprises change in concentration of the analyte; and f. measuring a signal comprises capturing radiation at a plurality of selected frequencies emanating from the tissue at a first time and a second time; and further including the step of providing means for accelerating equilibration of the concentration of the analyte in a first tissue compartment to a concentration of the analyte in a second tissue compartment.
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23. A method for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in a first tissue compartment, comprising:
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a. irradiating the first tissue compartment; b. measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a first output signal; c. after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the first tissue compartment to acquire a second output signal; d. determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the first tissue compartment from the first and second output signals; wherein e. the characteristic of chance in an analyte property comprises change in concentration of the analyte; and f. measuring a signal comprises capturing radiation at a plurality of selected frequencies emanating from the tissue at a first time and a second time; further including the steps of; g. determining a set of acceptable combinations of present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change of analyte concentration; h. determining whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations, i. generating a signal indicative of whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations.
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Specification