Fast settling variable gain amplifier with DC offset cancellation

• US 7,020,449 B2
• Filed: 10/21/2002
• Issued: 03/28/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Shi, Zhongming
• Primary Examiner(s): Urban, Edward F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Haroon, Adeel
• Application Number:
  US10/274,655
• Publication Number:
  US 20040077326A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,254 Days
• Field of Search: 455/311, 455/343.1, 455/574, 455/313, 455/234.1, 455/296, 330/278, 330/85, 330/86
• US Class Current: 455/234.1
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 7/04 where the frequency control is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element or where the nature of the frequency controlling element is not significant
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/04 Circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/30 for homodyne or synchrodyne receivers demodulator circuits H03D1/22
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/408 the transmitter oscillator frequency being identical to the receiver local oscillator frequency
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/0416 having gain or transmission power control

Abstract

A variable gain amplifier includes circuit elements that may be partially powered down during transmit modes of operation and that may be powered back up whenever the radio transceiver receives a data packet within a specified settle time even for high throughput RF communications. The radio transceiver circuit may be powered down even in high throughput communications during a transmit mode to reduce power consumption. A DC offset cancellation block is operably coupled to the variable gain block to substantially remove any DC offset from the amplified output. The variable gain amplifier is further able to provide DC offset cancellation within the required settle time by holding the offset value during a dormant mode of operation. Further, the variable gain amplifier transitions from a first gain control value to a second gain control value and further modifies its internal settle time from a first value to a second value to enable the variable gain amplifier to reach a steady state within the required settle time whenever required. The settle time transitions from the second value back to the first value after a specified period of time.

Claims

1. A Radio Frequency (RF) variable gain amplifier in a direct conversion radio transceiver providing DC offset cancellation, the variable gain amplifier comprising:

a variable gain block having an input that receives a received signal, wherein the variable gain block amplifies the signal based upon a gain control input to produce an amplified output;

a DC offset cancellation block operably coupled to the variable gain block to substantially remove any DC offset from the amplified output;

circuitry operable to generate a settle time input comprising a pulse for a specified duration responsive to a gain change in the variable gain block while providing the DC offset cancellation; and

wherein the DC offset cancellation block includes a low pass filter that receives the settle time input and is operable to adjust the settle time of the low pass filter of the DC offset cancellation block responsive to the settle time input.

2. The variable gain amplifier of claim 1, wherein:

the variable gain block further receives a power down input, wherein the variable gain block powers down when the power down input is asserted; and

the DC offset cancellation block further receives the power down input, wherein the DC offset cancellation block holds a DC offset cancellation signal at a substantially fixed value when the power down input is asserted.

3. The variable gain amplifier of claim 2, wherein the DC offset cancellation block remains powered when the variable gain block powers down.

4. The variable gain amplifier of claim 3, wherein when the gain control input transitions from a first gain control value to a second gain control value, the settle time input transitions from a first value to a second value for a predetermined period of time and then transitions back to the first value.

5. The variable gain amplifier of claim 1, wherein when the gain control input transitions from a first gain control value to a second gain control value, the settle time input transitions from a first value to a second value for a predetermined period of time and then transitions back to the first value.

6. The variable gain amplifier of claim 1, wherein the DC offset cancellation block is operably coupled to provide an inverted DC component to a positive input of the variable gain block to substantially remove any DC offset from the amplified RF output.

7. The variable gain amplifier of claim 1, wherein the DC offset cancellation block is operably coupled to provide a non-inverted DC component to a negative input of the variable gain block to substantially remove any DC offset from the amplified RF output.

8. The variable gain amplifier of claim 1 wherein the low pass filter of the DC offset cancellation block is coupled to receive a settle time input from a baseband processor of the radio transceiver.

9. A variable gain amplifier providing DC offset cancellation, the variable gain amplifier comprising:

a variable gain block having an input that receives a received signal, wherein the variable gain block amplifies the signal based upon a gain control input to produce an amplified output, wherein the variable gain block further receives a power down input, and wherein the variable gain block powers down when the power down input is asserted; and

a DC offset cancellation block including logic for generating a pulse comprising a settle time input for a specified duration responsive to a gain change in the variable gain block while providing DC offset cancellation wherein the DC offset cancellation block is operably coupled to the variable gain block to substantially remove any DC offset from the input, wherein the DC offset cancellation block receives a settle time input that adjusts a settle time of the DC offset cancellation block, and wherein the DC offset cancellation block further receives the power down input, wherein the DC offset cancellation block holds a DC offset cancellation signal at a substantially fixed value when the power down input is asserted.

10. The variable gain amplifier of claim 9 wherein the DC offset cancellation block is coupled to receive at least two settle time inputs which settle time inputs selectively couple at least one of at least two resistive values of a low pass filter to an amplifier of the low pass filter to modify a settle time of the low pass filter.

11. The variable gain amplifier of claim 10 wherein a first resistive value of the at least two resistive values is at least approximately ten times greater in magnitude than a second resistive value of the at least two resistive values.

12. The variable gain amplifier of claim 10 wherein a first resistive value of the at least two resistive values is approximately one hundred times greater in magnitude than a second resistive value of the at least two resistive values.

13. The variable gain amplifier of claim 9 wherein the DC offset cancellation block has a first settle time whenever a data packet is received having a gain level setting that is the same as the gain level setting of a previous data packet.

14. The variable gain amplifier of claim 9 wherein the DC offset cancellation block has a second settle time whenever a data packet is received having a gain level setting that is different as the gain level setting of a previous data packet.

15. A variable gain amplifier providing DC offset cancellation, the variable gain amplifier comprising:

a variable gain block having an RF input that receives a received signal, wherein the variable gain block amplifies the signal based upon a gain control input to produce an amplified RF output;

a DC offset cancellation block operably coupled to the variable gain block to substantially remove any DC offset from the amplified output, wherein the DC offset cancellation block receives a settle time input that adjusts a settle time of the DC offset cancellation block, wherein when the gain control input transitions from a first gain control value to a second gain control value, the settle time input transitions from a first value to a second value for a predetermined period of time and then transitions back to the first value;

a pulse generator coupled to detect the transitions in the gain control input and responsive thereto, for producing a pulse to selectively couple a resistive value to an input of an amplifier of the DC offset cancellation block, the pulse for temporarily adjusting the settle time; and

wherein the pulse generator further includes first and second delay blocks, each of the first and second delay blocks including a plurality of inventers coupled in series and coupled to a corresponding plurality of capacitors coupled across an output of each of the plurality of inverters, the pulse generator further including a comparator for generating a pulse responsive to a change in the gain level setting, the comparator coupled to receive an output from each of the first and second delay blocks.

16. The variable gain amplifier of claim 15 wherein each capacitor of the plurality of capacitors of the pulse generator is variable and is coupled to receive a control signal from a baseband processor to adjust a capacitance value.

17. A method for canceling a DC offset value in a direct conversion radio transceiver, comprising:

determining that the radio transceiver is in a transmit mode of operation;

powering down a variable gain amplifier while the radio transceiver is in the transmit mode of operation;

determining that the radio transceiver is in a receive mode of operation and that a preamble has been received for a data packet being received;

powering up the variable gain amplifier;

determining whether a gain level setting for the data packet being received has changed from a last received data packet; and

if the gain level setting has changed, changing a low pass filter settle time from a first settle time value to a second settle time value.

18. The method of claim 17 further including resetting the low pass filter settle time to the first settle time value.

19. A method for canceling a DC offset in a direct conversion radio receiver, comprising:

determining that a gain level setting corresponding to a gain change has been changed for a data packet being received relative to a prior gain level setting for a prior packet;

generating a pulse that defines a settle time input for changing a circuit settle time for a specified duration responsive to gain change in a variable gain amplifier while providing DC offset cancellation;

temporarily changing a total resistive value of a low pass filter to a temporary value; and

restoring the total resistive value from the temporary value.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the determining step is performed in hardware.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein the determining step is performed in software by a baseband processor.

22. A variable gain amplifier providing DC offset cancellation, the variable gain amplifier comprising:

means for generating a pulse that defines a settle time input for changing a circuit settle time for specified duration responsive to a gain change in a variable gain amplifier while providing the DC offset cancellation;

means for determining the gain change; and

means for receiving the settle time input and for temporarily changing the circuit settle time.

23. The variable gain amplifier of claim 22 wherein the means for determining the gain change comprises a processor.

24. The variable gain amplifier of claim 22 wherein the means for determining the gain change comprises logic circuitry that generates a pulse for a specified duration whenever a gain value has changed.

25. The variable gain amplifier of claim 24 wherein the pulse is produced to the means for receiving the settle time input.

26. A variable gain amplifier providing DC offset cancellation, the variable gain amplifier comprising:

an amplification module for providing variable gain amplification of an incoming signal;

a logic gate for generating a pulse of a specified duration responsive to a change in a received gain level control bit; and

a low pass filter including a resistor module on an input side of the low pass filter, the resistor module coupled to receive the pulse and for changing a resistive input value responsive to receiving the pulse.

27. The variable gain amplifier of claim 26 further including logic to turn off an amplification module whenever the variable gain amplifier is in a transmit mode of operation.

28. The variable gain amplifier of claim 26 wherein the low pass filter is a DC offset cancellation block operably coupled to the amplification module to substantially remove any DC offset from the amplified RF output.

29. The variable gain amplifier of claim 28 wherein the resistor module transitions from a first gain control value to a second gain control value and wherein a settle time of the low pass filter transitions from a first value to a second value for a predetermined period of time and then transitions back to the first value.