Data center evaluation using an air re-circulation index

• US 7,031,870 B2
• Filed: 05/28/2004
• Issued: 04/18/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 05/28/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Valtrus Innovations Limited (f/k/a Dolya Holdco 9 Limited) (Key Patent Innovations Limited)
• Original Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Bash, Cullen E., Sharma, Ratnesh K., Patel, Chandrakant D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barlow, John
• Assistant Examiner(s): Pretlow, Demetrius R.
• Application Number:
  US10/855,400
• Publication Number:
  US 20050267639A1
• Time in Patent Office: 690 Days
• Field of Search: 702/130
• US Class Current: 702/130
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/30 for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/10 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 23/1931 to control the temperature of one space
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/206 comprising thermal management
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20745 within rooms for removing heat from cabinets, e.g. by air conditioning device
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20836 Thermal management, e.g. server temperature control

Abstract

In a method for evaluating one or more components in a data center, inlet and outlet temperatures of one or more heat dissipating devices are detected. In addition, the temperatures of air supplied by one or more computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units are also detected. Indices of air re-circulation for the one or more heat dissipating devices are calculated based upon the detected inlet temperatures, outlet temperatures and supplied air temperatures. The indices of air re-circulation are determined at various flow field settings of air delivered to the one or more heat dissipating devices and the one or more components are evaluated based upon changes in the indices of air re-circulation for the one or more heat dissipating devices at the various flow field settings.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating one or more components in a data center, the method comprising:

detecting inlet and outlet temperatures of one or more heat dissipating devices;

detecting temperatures of air supplied by one or more computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units;

calculating indices of air re-circulation for the one or more heat dissipating devices based upon the detected inlet temperatures, outlet temperatures and supplied air temperatures;

varying a flow field setting of air delivered to the one or more heat dissipating devices;

determining whether the indices of air re-circulation has changed in response to the varied flow field settings; and

evaluating the one or more components based upon changes in the indices of air re-circulation for the one or more heat dissipating devices at the various flow field settings.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of varying a flow field setting comprises varying at least one of a volume flow rate of air supplied by one or more CRAC units, at least one characteristic of air supplied through one or more vent tiles, and at least one characteristic of air returned through one or more return vent tiles.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

comparing the indices of air re-circulation with respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

determining relationships between the indices of air re-circulation and the respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices at the varied volume flow field settings.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:

plotting the indices of air re-circulation with respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices based upon differing levels of flow field settings, wherein the step of determining relationships comprises determining whether the plots indicate that a nearly linear relationship exists between the plotted indices of air re-circulation and respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:

indicating that an infrastructure of the data center is substantially optimized in response to the plots indicating that a nearly linear relationship exists; and

indicating that the infrastructure of the data center is not substantially optimized in response to the plots indicating that a nearly linear relationship does not exist.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indices of air re-circulation are supply heat indices and are defined by the following equation:

$\mathrm{SHI}=\left(\frac{T_{\mathrm{in}}-T_{\mathrm{ref}}}{T_{\mathrm{out}}-T_{\mathrm{ref}}}\right)$

wherein, T_in and T_out are the inlet and outlet temperatures of one of the one or more heat dissipating devices, and T_ref denotes the supply air temperatures of one or more of the CRAC units.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

designing a substantially optimized layout of the data center based upon the step of evaluating the one or more components.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

determining various flow field settings;

comparing the indices of air re-circulation at the various flow field settings for at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

determining whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the flow field settings comprise volume flow rates of one or more CRAC units, and wherein the step of evaluating the one or more components comprises outputting an indication that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is not influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to the indices of air re-circulation being substantially the same for the various volume flow rates for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

and

wherein the step of evaluating the one or more components comprises outputting an indication that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to the indices of air re-circulation changing for the various volume flow rates for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:

determining a level of influence of at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to a determination that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units.

11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:

varying one or more of the flow field settings in response to the indices of air re-circulation being substantially the same for the various one or more flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

determining the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

determining whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:

determining the level of change in the air re-circulation index of at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices in response to a determination that the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices has changed;

correlating the level of change in the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices to an airflow characteristic of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

13. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool for evaluating one or more components in a data center, said CFD tool comprising:

a modeling program configured to obtain inlet and outlet temperatures of one or more heat dissipating devices and temperatures of air supplied by one or more computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units based upon at least one of input by a user and through a calculation of airflow characteristics in the data center;

wherein the modeling program is further configured to calculate indices of air re-circulation of the one or more heat dissipating devices based upon the inlet and outlet temperatures of one or more heat dissipating devices and temperatures of air supplied by one or more CRAC units, the modeling program being further configured to calculate the indices of air re-circulation of the one or more heat dissipating devices at various flow field settings of air delivered to the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

wherein the modeling program is further configured to evaluate the one or more components based upon changes in the indices of air re-circulation of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

14. The CFD tool according to claim 13, wherein the modeling program is further configured to compare the indices of air re-circulation with respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices and to determine relationships between the indices of air re-circulation and the respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices at the various flow field settings, said modeling program being further configured to plot the indices of air re-circulation with respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices based upon the various flow field settings.

15. The CFD tool according to claim 14, wherein the modeling program is further configured to determine whether a near linear relationship exists between the plotted indices of air re-circulation and respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices at the various flow field setting, and wherein the modeling program is further configured to indicate that an infrastructure of the data center is substantially optimized in response to a determination that a near linear relationship exists and to indicate that the infrastructure of the data center is not substantially optimized in response to a determination that a nearly linear relationship does not exist.

16. The CFD tool according to claim 13, wherein the modeling program is further configured to design a substantially optimized layout of the data center.

17. The CFD tool according to claim 13, wherein the modeling program is further configured to determine various flow field settings, to compare the indices of air re-circulation at the various flow field settings for at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices, and to determine whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various volume flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

18. The CFD tool according to claim 17, wherein the various flow field settings comprise various volume flow settings of one or more CRAC units, and wherein the modeling program is further configured to output an indication that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is not influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to the indices of air re-circulation being substantially the same for the various volume flow rates for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices, and to output an indication that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to the indices of air re-circulation changing for the various volume flow rates for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

19. The CFD tool according to claim 18, wherein the modeling program is further configured to determine a level of influence of at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to a determination that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units.

20. The CFD tool according to claim 17, wherein the modeling program is further configured to varying one or more of the flow field settings in response to the indices of air re-circulation being substantially the same for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices, to determine the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

and to determine whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

21. The CFD tool according to claim 20, wherein the modeling program is further configured to determine the level of change in the air re-circulation index of at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices in response to a determination that the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices has changed and to correlate the level of change in the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices to an airflow characteristic of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

22. A system for evaluating one or more components in a data center, said system comprising:

one or more heat dissipating devices having respective inlet and outlet temperature sensors;

one or more computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units having respective supply air temperature sensors; and

a controller configured to calculate indices of air re-circulation for the one or more heat dissipating devices based upon temperatures detected by the inlet and outlet temperature sensors and the supply air temperature sensors at various volume flow field settings of air delivered to the one or more heat dissipating devices, wherein the controller is further configured to evaluate the one or more components in the data center based upon changes in the air re-circulation indices.

23. The system according to claim 22, wherein the controller is further configured to compare the indices of air re-circulation with respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices and to determine relationships between the indices of air re-circulation and the respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices at the various flow field settings, said controller being further configured to plot the indices of air re-circulation with respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices based upon the various flow field settings.

24. The system according to claim 23, wherein the controller is further configured to determine whether a near linear relationship exists between the plotted indices of air re-circulation and respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices at the various flow field settings, and wherein the controller is further configured to indicate that an infrastructure of the data center is substantially optimized in response to a determination that a near linear relationship exists and to indicate that the infrastructure of the data center is not substantially optimized in response to a determination that a nearly linear relationship does not exist.

25. The system according to claim 22, wherein controller is further configured to design a substantially optimized layout of the data center.

26. The system according to claim 22, wherein the controller is configured to calculate the indices of air re-circulation through the following equation:

$\mathrm{SHI}=\left(\frac{T_{\mathrm{in}}-T_{\mathrm{ref}}}{T_{\mathrm{out}}-T_{\mathrm{ref}}}\right)$

wherein, SHI is defined as a supply heat index, T_in and T_out are the inlet and outlet temperatures of one of the one or more heat dissipating devices, and T_ref denotes the supply air temperatures of one or more of the CRAC units.

27. The system according to claim 22, wherein the controller is further configured to determine various flow field settings, to compare the indices of air re-circulation at the various flow field settings for at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices, and to determine whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

28. The system according to claim 27, wherein the various flow field settings comprise various volume flow rates of air supplied by one or more CRAC units, and wherein the controller is further configured to output an indication that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is not influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to the indices of air re-circulation being substantially the same for the various volume flow rates for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices, and to output an indication that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to the indices of air re-circulation changing for the various volume flow rates for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

29. The system according to claim 28, wherein the controller is further configured to determine a level of influence of at least one of the one or more CRAC units in response to a determination that the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices is influenced by at least one of the one or more CRAC units.

30. The system according to claim 27, wherein the controller is further configured to varying one or more of the flow field settings in response to the indices of air re-circulation being substantially the same for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices, to determine the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

and to determine whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

31. The system according to claim 30, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the level of change in the air re-circulation index of at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices in response to a determination that the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices has changed and to correlate the level of change in the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices to an airflow characteristic of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

32. A system for evaluating one or more components in a data center, said system comprising:

means for detecting inlet and outlet temperatures of one or more heat dissipating devices;

means for detecting temperatures of air supplied by one or more computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units;

means for calculating indices of air re-circulation for the one or more heat dissipating devices at various flow field settings of air delivered to the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

means for evaluating the one or more components based upon the calculated indices of air re-circulation at the various flow field settings.

33. The system according to claim 32, wherein the means for calculating comprises means for comparing the indices of air re-circulation with respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices and means for determining relationships between the indices of air re-circulation and the respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices at the varied flow field settings.

34. The system according to claim 32, further comprising:

means for designing a substantially optimized layout of the data center based upon the step of evaluating the one or more components.

35. The system according to claim 32, further comprising:

means for determining volume flow rates of air supplied by the one or more CRAC units;

means for comparing the indices of air re-circulation at the various volume flow rates of air supplied by the one or more CRAC units for at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

means for determining whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various volume flow rates for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

means for outputting at least one of an indication and a level of influence of at least one of the one or more CRAC units over at least one of the one or more racks.

36. The system according to claim 32, further comprising:

means for varying one or more of the flow field settings in response to the indices of air re-circulation being substantially the same for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

means for determining the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

means for determining whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

means for determining the level of change in the air re-circulation index of at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices in response to a determination that the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices has changed; and

means for correlating the level of change in the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices to an airflow characteristic of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

37. A computer readable storage medium on which is embedded one or more computer programs, said one or more computer programs implementing a method for evaluating one or more components in a data center, said one or more computer programs comprising a set of instructions for:

detecting inlet and outlet temperatures of one or more heat dissipating devices;

detecting temperatures of air supplied by one or more computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units;

calculating indices of air re-circulation for the one or more racks at various flow field settings of air delivered to the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

evaluating the one or more components based upon the calculated indices of air re-circulation at the various flow field settings.

38. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 37, said one or more computer programs further comprising a set of instructions for:

comparing the indices of air re-circulation with respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

determining relationships between the indices of air re-circulation and the respective inlet temperatures of the one or more heat dissipating devices at the varied flow field settings.

39. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 37, said one or more computer programs further comprising a set of instructions for:

designing a substantially optimized layout of the data center based upon the step of evaluating the one or more components.

40. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 37, said one or more computer programs further comprising a set of instructions for:

determining volume flow rates of air supplied by the one or more CRAC units;

comparing the indices of air re-circulation at the various volume flow rates of air supplied by the one or more CRAC units for at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

determining whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various volume flow rates for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices; and

outputting at least one of an indication and a level of influence of at least one of the one or more CRAC units over at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.

41. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 37, said one or more computer programs further comprising a set of instructions for:

varying one or more of the flow field settings in response to the indices of air re-circulation being substantially the same for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

determining the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

determining whether the indices of air re-circulation have changed for the various flow field settings for the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices;

determining the level of change in the air re-circulation index of at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices in response to a determination that the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices has changed; and

correlating the level of change in the air re-circulation index of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices to an airflow characteristic of the at least one of the one or more heat dissipating devices.