Folded array CT baggage scanner

• US 7,039,154 B1
• Filed: 08/04/2005
• Issued: 05/02/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/2003
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Reveal Imaging Technologies, Inc. (Leidos Holdings, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Reveal Imaging Technologies, Inc. (Leidos Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Ellenbogen, Michael, Bijjani, Richard Robehr
• Primary Examiner(s): Glick, Edward J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Yun, Jurie
• Application Number:
  US11/196,927
• Time in Patent Office: 271 Days
• Field of Search: 378 4- 20, 378/57, 378/58
• US Class Current: 378/19
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4266 characterised by using a plurality of detector units A61B6/4014 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/482 involving multiple energy imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/224 Multiple energy techniques using one type of radiation, e.g. X-rays of different energies
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/226 using tomography

Abstract

A reduced size CT scanner for baggage inspection has a wide angle x-ray source and multiple sets of detectors at different distances from the x-ray source. The detectors in each set are sized and positioned to maintain consistent pitch and flux levels among all detectors. Conventional reconstruction processes can be used to process the data from the CT scanner. The scanner may also be incorporated into a check-in desk in a network of scanners.

Claims

1. A CT scanner for scanning of an object comprising:

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source;

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance;

a third plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned the second distance from the x-ray source, wherein;

one of the detectors in the first plurality of detectors is positioned within the x-ray beam adjacent to one of the detectors in the second plurality of detectors; and

another one of the detectors in the first plurality of detectors is positioned within the x-ray beam adjacent to one of the detectors in the third plurality of detectors;

the x-ray beam intersects an entire cross section of the tunnel; and

the first, second, and third pluralities of detectors are positioned on the gantry so that the entire x-ray beam intersects at least one detector.

2. A CT scanner for scanning of an object comprising:

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source; and

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance,

wherein an angle between beams from the x-ray source to adjacent detectors in the first plurality of detectors is the same as an angle between beams from the x-ray source to adjacent detectors in the second plurality of detectors.

3. A CT scanner for scanning of an object comprising:

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source; and

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance,

wherein each detector in the first and second plurality of detectors includes;

a first photodiode layer responsive to x-ray energy at a first energy level, the first photodiode layer having a first x-ray reception area; and

a second photodiode layer responsive to x-ray energy at a second energy level higher than the first energy level, positioned behind the first photodiode layer relative to the x-ray source, and having a second x-ray reception area larger than the first x-ray reception area.

4. The CT scanner of claim 3, wherein each detector further includes a shielding layer between the first and second photodiode layers.

5. The CT scanner of claim 4, wherein first x-ray reception area and second x-ray reception areas are sized so that the x-ray flux levels for the first photodiode layer and second photodiode layer are substantially equal.

6. A baggage processing system comprising:

a plurality of CT scanners for scanning a bag, each of the CT scanners comprising;

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source; and

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance;

a third plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned the second distance from the x-ray source; and

a including a computer for processing data from the CT scanner and for reconstructing an image of least a portion of the bag;

wherein;

one of the detectors in the first plurality of detectors is positioned within the x-ray beam adjacent to one of the detectors in the second plurality of detectors;

another one of the detectors in the first plurality of detectors is positioned within the x-ray beam adjacent to one of the detectors in the third plurality of detectors;

the x-ray beam intersects an entire cross section of the tunnel; and

the first, second, and third pluralities of detectors are positioned on the gantry so that the entire x-ray beam intersects at least one detector;

at least one operator review station for displaying a reconstructed image; and

a network for transferring a reconstructed image from at least one CT scanner to the at least one operator review station for display.

7. The baggage processing system of claim 6, wherein the computer in each of the CT scanners includes means for detecting a potential threat in a bag based upon reconstructed image, and

wherein a reconstructed image is transferred to the at least one operator review station upon detection of a potential threat.

8. The baggage processing system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airline check-in desk.

9. The baggage processing system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airport security check-point.

10. The baggage processing system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airport curb-side check-in area.

11. The baggage processing system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at a location other than an airport to which bags are to be transported.

12. A baggage check-in system comprising:

a first check-in station for passengers to check-in for a flight and to check baggage;

a second check-in station for passengers to check-in for a flight and to check baggage; and

a CT scanner positioned between the first check-in station and the second check-in station, the CT scanner comprising;

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source;

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance;

a third plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned the second distance from the x-ray source; and

wherein;

one of the detectors in the first plurality of detectors is positioned within the x-ray beam adjacent to one of the detectors in the second plurality of detectors;

another one of the detectors in the first plurality of detectors is positioned within the x-ray beam adjacent to one of the detectors in the third plurality of detectors;

the x-ray beam intersects an entire cross section of the tunnel; and

the first, second, and third pluralities of detectors are positioned on the gantry so that the entire x-ray beam intersects at least one detector.

13. The baggage check-in system of claim 12, wherein the CT scanner includes:

a tunnel positioned between the first check-in station and the second check-in station; and

a conveyor through the tunnel to move bags from a first side of the first and second check-in stations to a second side of the first and second check-in stations; and

wherein the baggage check-in system further comprises a baggage handling system for removing bags from the second side of the first and second check-in stations for transport to an aircraft.

14. The baggage check-in system of claim 13, wherein the CT scanner includes a computer for detecting a potential threat in a bag prior to moving a bag to the baggage handling system.

15. A baggage processing system comprising:

a plurality of CT scanners for scanning a bag, each of the CT scanners comprising;

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source;

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance; and

a computer for processing data from the CT scanner and for reconstructing an image of least a portion of the bag;

wherein an angle between beams from the x-ray source to adjacent detectors in the first plurality of detectors is the same as an angle between beams from the x-ray source to adjacent detectors in the second plurality of detectors;

at least one operator review station for displaying a reconstructed image; and

a network for transferring a reconstructed image from at least one CT scanner to the at least one operator review station for display.

16. The baggage processing system of claim 15, wherein the computer in each of the CT scanners includes means for detecting a potential threat in a bag based upon reconstructed image, and

wherein a reconstructed image is transferred to the at least one operator review station upon detection of a potential threat.

17. The baggage processing system of claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airline check-in desk.

18. The baggage processing system of claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airport security check-point.

19. The baggage processing system of claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airport curb-side check-in area.

20. The baggage processing system of claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at a location other than an airport to which bags are to be transported.

21. A baggage check-in system comprising:

a first check-in station for passengers to check-in for a flight and to check baggage;

a second check-in station for passengers to check-in for a flight and to check baggage; and

a CT scanner positioned between the first check-in station and the second check-in station, the CT scanner comprising;

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source; and

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance;

wherein an angle between beams from the x-ray source to adjacent detectors in the first plurality of detectors is the same as an angle between beams from the x-ray source to adjacent detectors in the second plurality of detectors.

22. The baggage check-in system of claim 21, wherein the CT scanner includes:

a tunnel positioned between the first check-in station and the second check-in station; and

a conveyor through the tunnel to move bags from a first side of the first and second check-in stations to a second side of the first and second check-in stations; and

wherein the baggage check-in system further comprises a baggage handling system for removing bags from the second side of the first and second check-in stations for transport to an aircraft.

23. The baggage check-in system of claim 22, wherein the CT scanner includes a computer for detecting a potential threat in a bag prior to moving a bag to the baggage handling system.

24. A baggage processing system comprising:

a plurality of CT scanners for scanning a bag, each of the CT scanners comprising;

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source;

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance; and

a computer for processing data from the CT scanner and for reconstructing an image of least a portion of the bag;

wherein each detector in the first and second plurality of detectors includes;

a first photodiode layer responsive to x-ray energy at a first energy level, the first photodiode layer having a first x-ray reception area; and

a second photodiode layer responsive to x-ray energy at a second energy level higher than the first energy level, positioned behind the first photodiode layer relative to the x-ray source, and having a second x-ray reception area larger than the first x-ray reception area;

at least one operator review station for displaying a reconstructed image; and

a network for transferring a reconstructed image from at least one CT scanner to the at least one operator review station for display.

25. The baggage processing system of claim 24, wherein the computer in each of the CT scanners includes means for detecting a potential threat in a bag based upon reconstructed image, and

wherein a reconstructed image is transferred to the at least one operator review station upon detection of a potential threat.

26. The baggage processing system of claim 25, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airline check-in desk.

27. The baggage processing system of claim 25, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airport security check-point.

28. The baggage processing system of claim 25, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at an airport curb-side check-in area.

29. The baggage processing system of claim 25, wherein at least one of the plurality of CT scanners is located at a location other than an airport to which bags are to be transported.

30. A baggage check-in system comprising:

a first check-in station for passengers to check-in for a flight and to check baggage;

a second check-in station for passengers to check-in for a flight and to check baggage; and

a CT scanner positioned between the first check-in station and the second check-in station, the CT scanner comprising;

a tunnel;

a conveyor for moving the object through the tunnel;

a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;

an x-ray source on the gantry for providing an x-ray beam perpendicular to the tunnel;

a first plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a first distance from the x-ray source; and

a second plurality of detectors on the gantry positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance; and

wherein each detector in the first and second plurality of detectors includes;

a first photodiode layer responsive to x-ray energy at a first energy level, the first photodiode layer having a first x-ray reception area; and

a second photodiode layer responsive to x-ray energy at a second energy level higher than the first energy level, positioned behind the first photodiode layer relative to the x-ray source, and having a second x-ray reception area larger than the first x-ray reception area.

31. The baggage check-in system of claim 30, wherein the CT scanner includes:

a tunnel positioned between the first check-in station and the second check-in station; and

a conveyor through the tunnel to move bags from a first side of the first and second check-in stations to a second side of the first and second check-in stations; and

wherein the baggage check-in system further comprises a baggage handling system for removing bags from the second side of the first and second check-in stations for transport to an aircraft.

32. The baggage check-in system of claim 31, wherein the CT scanner includes a computer for detecting a potential threat in a bag prior to moving a bag to the baggage handling system.