System and apparatus for the dispensing of drugs

• US 7,040,504 B2
• Filed: 01/07/2002
• Issued: 05/09/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 05/29/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Carefusion 303 Incorporated (Becton, Dickinson & Co)
• Original Assignee: Cardinal Health 303 Incorporated (Cardinal Health, Inc.)
• Inventors: Feeney, Robert J., Dibelka, Albert W., Heffron, David T., Calabro, Joseph M., Broadfield, Laird, Conrad, William, Seelinger, Paul M., Rodenrys, John J., Lee, Patricia M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Crawford, Gene O.
• Application Number:
  US10/042,106
• Publication Number:
  US 20040111179A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,583 Days
• Field of Search: 700/231, 700/236, 700/241, 700/242, 700/235, 221/2, 221/13, 221/99, 221/123, 221/98
• US Class Current: 221/98
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 12/001 Trolleys for transport of medicaments, food, linen, nursing supplies carts specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis A61B50/13; hand carts B62B3/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 2203/46 for temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 2205/10 Bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 2205/10 Bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 2205/30 Printed labels
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 7/0084 for multiple medicaments
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 11/62 in which the articles are stored in compartments in fixed receptacles
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 17/0092 for assembling and dispensing of pharmaceutical articles medical dispensers for private use, A61J7/00

Abstract

A system and apparatus are described in which modular receptacles are filled and transported to automated dispensing machines for later retrieval and distribution. A system of the present invention includes the loading, refilling, and replacement of the modular receptacles at various stages in the process of the invention. The present invention results in a more efficient and easier to manage system for distribution of such items as medical supplies and drugs.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a receptacle adapted for removable placement in a dispensing machine, said receptacle having a lid that is adapted for movement between an open position and a closed position;

said receptacle being individually removable from said dispensing machine; and

an information storage device secured to or in said receptacle for storing information relative to contents of said receptacle and for porting said information to said dispensing machine and for exchanging and updating said information stored in said information storage device with a computer operating said dispensing machine.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more input devices selected from the group consisting of a keypad, a bar code scanner, and an RF station in association with said dispensing machine, through which an operator enters information into said dispensing machine.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a communication contact on said receptacle enabling the transfer of information between said information storage device and an information source.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the communication contact between the information storage device and the information source is selected from the group consisting of a communication port, a bar code, and an RF communication device.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a processor within a portion of said receptacle; and

a latch in association with said lid, said latch adapted to be actuated by said processor to open said lid, upon said processor receiving said request signal from said dispensing machine.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said request signal is generated by said dispensing machine when an operator enters identification information into said dispensing machine.

7. An apparatus, comprising:

a receptacle adapted for removable placement in a dispensing machine, said receptacle having a lid that is adapted for movement between an open position and a closed position, said receptacle being individually removable from said dispensing machine;

an information storage device secured to or in said receptacle for storing information relative to contents of said receptacle and for portion said information to said dispensing machine and for exchanging and updating said information stored in said information device with a computer operating said dispensing machine; and

a latch in association with said lid, said latch adapted to be actuated to open said lid when said latch receives a request signal from said dispensing machine.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said latch includes a bimetallic actuator.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said receptacle is designed to enable it to be arranged with a plurality of other similarly designed receptacles in said dispensing machine.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising an interface for at least one information storage device to communicate with the computer, the interface selected from the group consisting of a communications port, a bar code, and an RF device.

11. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising an engagement member adapted to engage a portion of said dispensing machine.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said portion of said dispensing machine is a drawer in said dispensing machine.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said engagement member is released from engagement with said portion of said dispensing machine upon said dispensing machine receiving a release signal.

14. A method for dispensing items, comprising:

providing one or more receptacles adapted for removable placement on a dispensing structure, said receptacles having a plurality of side walls, a bottom adjoining to said side walls, and a top movably secured to at least one of said side walls such that the top is adapted for movement between an open position and a closed position, said receptacles being individually removable from said dispensing structure;

providing a dispensing structure adapted to receive said receptacles and to exchange information with an information storage device on at least one said receptacle, said information storage device secured to or in said receptacle for storing information relative to contents of said receptacle and for porting said information to said dispensing machine and for exchanging and updating said information stored in said information device with a computer operating said dispensing machine;

placing said receptacles onto said dispensing structure; and

providing a signal to said dispensing structure to cause one of said receptacles to open said top.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said dispensing structure is a drawer of an automatic medication dispensing machine.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein said top includes a latch subassembly with a bimetallic actuator.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the information storage device exchanges information with a computer of the dispensing structure through at least one of a communications port, a bar code, and an RF transmitter.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein said dispensing structure includes a communication port for communicating with said chip.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein said dispensing structure is connected to a computer that captures data from said chip and which sends instructions to said chip.

20. An assembly comprising:

an automated dispensing machine having at least one drawer;

a plurality of receptacles adapted to be placed in said at least one drawer, said receptacles each having a lid adapted for movement between an open position and a closed position, at least one of said receptacles being individually removable from said at feast one drawer; and

an information storage device secured to or in each of said receptacles for storing information relative to contents of each of said receptacles and adapted for porting said information to said dispensing machine and for exchanging and updating said information stored in said information storage device with a computer or memory portion of said automated dispensing machine.

21. The assembly of claim 20, further comprising an engagement member on said receptacles to engage said at least one drawer.

22. The assembly of claim 20 further comprising a data entry device in association with said automated dispensing machine to enable an operator to enter identification information.

23. The assembly of claim 20 wherein said drawer is locked and cannot be unlocked without receiving an authorization code signal.

24. The assembly of claim 20 wherein said dispensing machine includes a monitor adapted to display information relative to an operator'"'"'s transaction with said dispensing machine.

25. The assembly of claim 20 wherein the information storage device in at least one of said receptacles is adapted to exchange information through a device selected from the group consisting of a communications port, a bar code, and an RF device.

26. The assembly of claim 20, further comprising a communication contact on each of said receptacles enabling the transfer of information between said information storage device and an information source.

27. The assembly of claim 26, wherein said automated dispensing machine is adapted to receive information from an operator and process a signal to one of said receptacles to cause one of said receptacles to open and enable said operator to remove at least a portion of the contents of said one of said receptacles.

28. The assembly of claim 26, further comprising:

a plurality of engagement receiving members in said at least one drawer for engagement with said engagement member of said receptacles;

said engagement receiving members being individually actuatable to separately release one or more of said receptacles upon receiving a release signal from said automated dispensing machine.

29. A method for the distribution of a plurality of items, comprising:

providing individual receptacles for said items, each of said receptacles including a plurality of side walls, a bottom adjoined to said side walls, and a top movably secured to at least one of said side walls, such that said top is adapted for movement between an open position and a dosed position, said receptacles being individually removable from a dispensing machine, at least one of said receptacles defining a single compartment, and an information storage device secured to or in each of said receptacles for storing information relative to said items to be contained in said receptacles and for porting said information to said dispensing machine and for exchanging and updating said information stored in said information storage device with a computer portion of the dispensing machine;

loading said items in individual ones of said receptacles and closing said top of said receptacles; and

inputting information relative to said items loaded into each of said receptacles into said information storage devices.

30. The method of claim 29 wherein said items are medical products for use or intake by patients in a health care facility.

31. The method of claim 29, further comprising storing receptacles at an inventory station until said items in said stored receptacles are needed to replenish said automated dispensing machine.

32. The method of claim 29, further comprising scanning bar code labels on packages of said items prior to said items being placed in individual ones of said receptacles.

33. The method of claim 29, further comprising:

providing a latch on each of said receptacles, said latch in contact with said top of each of said receptacles;

placing said receptacles in a drawer of said automated dispensing machine; and

actuating said latch by sending an electronic signal from said automated dispensing machine to an engagement device within said drawer.

34. The method of claim 29 further comprising:

providing a batch of packaged items;

selecting ones of said packaged items to be placed into individual ones of said receptacles; and

storing in said information storage device of each receptacle certain information regarding the packaged items placed into respective ones of said receptacles.

35. The method of claim 29, further comprising sending a refill signal to a refill location when the contents of items in said receptacle have fallen below a predetermined par value.

36. The method of claim 29, further comprising automatically maintaining inventory control information about the content of each of said receptacles.

37. The method of claim 36 further comprising disengaging a receptacle from said automated dispensing machine when said processor senses that contents of items in said receptacle have fallen below a predetermined par value or is empty and an operator has entered a proper authorization signal to remove a receptacle.

38. The method of claim 29 wherein one or more of said individual receptacles includes a communication contact enabling the transfer of information between said information storage device and an information source, said communications contact selected from the group consisting of a communications port, a barcode, and an RF device.

39. The method of claim 38, further comprising communicating operator entered information from said automated dispensing machine to respective ones of said receptacles through said communication contact of each receptacle and a respective one of communication ports in said automated dispensing machine in electronic communication with said communication contact.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein said information source is one or more of the group consisting of a manufacturers computer, a wholesale'"'"'s computer and a pharmacy computer.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein said wholesaler'"'"'s computer is connected remotely to said pharmacy computer to exchange drug inventory and distribution information and thereby enable said wholesaler to know when to ship additional drugs to said pharmacy.

42. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of providing an automated dispensing machine for dispensing said items.

43. The method of claim 42, further comprising:

loading replacement receptacles with replenishment items;

transporting said replacement receptacles to said automated dispensing machine; and

removing one of said receptacles from said automated dispensing machine and replacing said removed receptacle with one of said replacement receptacles.

44. The method of claim 42 wherein said entering of information regarding contents of said receptacles into said automated dispensing machine is accomplished by placing said receptacles into a docking station at said automated dispensing machine and porting data contained in said information storage device through said communication contact into a receiver port at said docking station.

45. The method of claim 42, further comprising the step of entering information regarding said items in said receptacles into a memory of said automated dispensing machine.

46. The method of claim 45, further comprising the steps of:

transporting said loaded receptacles to a receiving station at a location for distribution of said items; and

placing said loaded receptacles into said automated dispensing machine.

47. The method of claim 46, further comprising the step of actuating one of said receptacles to open and expose its contents of items by entering required information into said automated dispensing machine.

48. The method of claim 47, further comprising updating inventory information in said memory of said dispensing machine when contents of said receptacle are removed.

49. The method of claim 48, further comprising automatically communicating said inventory information from said dispensing machine to a central computer remote from said dispensing machine.

50. A method for the distribution of a plurality of items, comprising:

providing an automated dispensing machine for dispensing said items;

providing individual receptacles for said items, each of said receptacles including a plurality of side walls, a bottom adjoined to said side walls, and a top movably secured to at least one of said side walls, such that said top is adapted for movement between an open position and a closed position, said receptacles being individually removable from the automated dispensing machine, and an information storage device secured to or in each of said receptacles for storing information relative to said items to be contained in said receptacles, wherein said entering of information regarding contents of said receptacles into said automated dispensing machine is accomplished by placing said receptacles into a docking station at said automated dispensing machine and porting data contained in said information storage device through said communication contact into a receiver port at said docking station;

loading said items in individual ones of said receptacles and closing said top of said receptacles; and

inputting information relative to said items loaded into each of said receptacles into said information storage devices.

51. A method for the distribution of a plurality of items, comprising:

providing individual receptacles for said items, each of said receptacles including a plurality of side walls, a bottom adjoined to said side walls, and a top movably secured to at feast one of said side walls, such that said top is adapted for movement between an open position and a closed position, said receptacles being individually removable from a dispensing machine, at least one of said receptacles defining a single compartment, and an information storage device secured to or in each of said receptacles for storing information relative to said items to be contained in said receptacles and for exchanging information with a computer portion of the dispensing machine;

loading said items in individual ones of said receptacles and closing said top of said receptacles; and

inputting information relative to said items loaded into each of said receptacles into said information storage devices, wherein said entering of information regarding contents of said receptacles into said automated dispensing machine is accomplished by placing said receptacles into a docking station at said automated dispensing machine and porting data contained in said information storage device through said communication contact into a receiver port at said docking station.