Method and a measuring system for determining and monitoring exhaust gas emission from a vehicle
DCFirst Claim
1. A method for determining and monitoring exhaust gas emissions of a moving vehicle or a corresponding object by a remote measuring technique, the method comprising:
- forming a measuring beam of infrared radiation, which measuring beam is directed once or several times through an exhaust gas plume emitted by the vehicle,determining, by means of the measuring beam, an optical measuring value for carbon dioxide said measuring value indicating the optical absorption caused by carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas plume in the measuring beam,determining, by means of the measuring beam, an optical measuring value for one or more actual emission gases each, said measuring value indicating the absorption caused by said emission gas contained in the exhaust gas plume in the measuring beam,proportioning the optical measuring values determined for the actual emission gases each with the optical measuring value determined for carbon dioxide andsolving, by means of an estimate determined for the carbon dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas plume, the concentrations of the actual emission gases in the exhaust gas plume by means of said optical measuring values,wherein for the more precise determination of the actual emission gases in the exhaust gas plume, the method further comprising;
identifying the model and/or type of the vehicle under examination,determining the driving situation of said vehicle at the moment of measurement, and furtherforming a calculatory vehicle model for determining a case-specific estimate for the carbon dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas plume depending on the vehicle in question and its driving situation.
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Abstract
A method and a measuring system for determining exhaust gas emissions from a moving vehicle by a remote optical measuring technique. The model and/or type of the vehicle under examination is identified, and the driving situation of the vehicle in question is determined at the moment of measurement. A calculatory vehicle model is used to determine a case-specific estimate for the carbon dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas plume depending on the vehicle in question and its driving situation. The accuracy of determining the concentrations of the actual emission gases is improved by eliminating the inaccuracy of the carbon dioxide concentration values.
26 Citations
31 Claims
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1. A method for determining and monitoring exhaust gas emissions of a moving vehicle or a corresponding object by a remote measuring technique, the method comprising:
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forming a measuring beam of infrared radiation, which measuring beam is directed once or several times through an exhaust gas plume emitted by the vehicle, determining, by means of the measuring beam, an optical measuring value for carbon dioxide said measuring value indicating the optical absorption caused by carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas plume in the measuring beam, determining, by means of the measuring beam, an optical measuring value for one or more actual emission gases each, said measuring value indicating the absorption caused by said emission gas contained in the exhaust gas plume in the measuring beam, proportioning the optical measuring values determined for the actual emission gases each with the optical measuring value determined for carbon dioxide and solving, by means of an estimate determined for the carbon dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas plume, the concentrations of the actual emission gases in the exhaust gas plume by means of said optical measuring values, wherein for the more precise determination of the actual emission gases in the exhaust gas plume, the method further comprising; identifying the model and/or type of the vehicle under examination, determining the driving situation of said vehicle at the moment of measurement, and further forming a calculatory vehicle model for determining a case-specific estimate for the carbon dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas plume depending on the vehicle in question and its driving situation.
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2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optical measuring value determined for carbon dioxide and the case-specific concentration estimate determined for carbon dioxide by means of the calculatory vehicle model are used to determine the effective absorption length of the measuring beam in the exhaust gas plume, which is further used to determine the concentrations of the actual emission gases.
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3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optical measuring value, such as transmission, are determined for all the measured gases substantially at the same time and at the same point in the exhaust gas plume.
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4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is identified on the basis of the registration plate of the vehicle.
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5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the data contained in the registration plate of the vehicle are used to retrieve the exact type and/or model data of the vehicle from a register database.
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6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the type and/or model data of the vehicle are used to retrieve more detailed information about the vehicle model in question.
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7. The method according to claim 6, wherein said more detailed information about the vehicle model in question comprises at least one of the following:
- dead weight, engine type, and properties of the transmission apparatus.
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8. The method according to claim 1, wherein to determine the driving situation at the moment of measuring the vehicle, the speed and/or acceleration of the vehicle are determined.
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9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the total weight of the vehicle and/or the weather conditions at the measurement site and time, and/or the profile of the surface of the road in the driving direction at the measurement site, and/or the roughness of the surface of the road prevailing at the measurement site and time are also measured to determine the driving situation at the moment of the measurement of the vehicle.
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10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optical measuring value for nitrogen oxide is determined in the infrared range in the vicinity of the wavelength of 5.26 μ
- m by using, for wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering in reference and/or measuring channels intended for NO, a filtering means whose transmission as a function of the wavelength correlates with the comb-like structure of the spectral lines of the absorption spectrum present in the vicinity of 5.25 μ
m of nitrogen oxide.
- m by using, for wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering in reference and/or measuring channels intended for NO, a filtering means whose transmission as a function of the wavelength correlates with the comb-like structure of the spectral lines of the absorption spectrum present in the vicinity of 5.25 μ
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11. The method according to claim 10, wherein in each of the reference and measuring channels intended for NO, Fabry-Perot comb filters are used for the wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering.
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12. The method according to claim 10, wherein in the measuring channel intended for NO, a scanning Fabry-Perot comb filter is used for the wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering.
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13. The method according to claim 10, wherein in the reference channel intended for NO, an NO gas cell filter is used for the wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering, and, if necessary, a corresponding so-called dummy filter is used in the measuring channel, to balance the optical properties of said channels.
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14. The method according to claim 1, wherein a calculatory vehicle model is used to determine an estimate for the fuel consumption of the vehicle at the moment of measuring, which is used to convert the measured emission values to emission coefficients in the form of g/km and/or g/s and/or g/kWh.
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15. The method according to claim 1, wherein measurements are made for benzene and/or 1,3-butadiene and/or N2O.
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16. A measuring system for determining and monitoring exhaust gas emissions from a moving vehicle or a corresponding object by a remote technique, the system comprising:
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means for forming a measuring beam of infrared radiation and for directing the measuring beam once or several times through an exhaust gas plume emitted by the vehicle, means for determining, by means of the measuring beam, an optical measuring value for carbon dioxide said measuring value indicating the optical absorption caused by carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas plume in the measuring beam, means for determining, by means of the measuring beam, an optical measuring value for one or more actual emission gases each, said measuring value indicating the absorption caused by said emission gas contained in the exhaust gas plume in the measuring beam, means for proportioning the optical measuring values determined for the actual emission gases to the optical measuring value determined for carbon dioxide, and means for solving the concentrations of the actual emission gases of the exhaust gas plume on the basis of the estimate determined for the carbon dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas plume and said optical measuring values, wherein for the more precise determination of the actual emission gases in the exhaust gas plume, the measuring system further comprising; means for identifying the model andlor type of the vehicle under examination, means for determining the driving situation of the vehicle at the moment of measuring, and further means for forming a calculatory vehicle model for determining a case-specific estimate for the carbon dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas plume depending on the vehicle in question and its driving situation.
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17. The measuring system according to claim 16, wherein the measuring system comprises means for determining the effective absorption length of the measuring beam in the exhaust gas plume by using an optical measuring value determined for carbon dioxide and a case-specific concentration estimate determined for carbon dioxide on the basis of a calculatory vehicle model, as well as means for determining the concentrations of the actual emission gases by means of said effective absorption length.
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18. The measuring system according to claim 16, wherein the measuring system comprises means for determining said optical measuring values for all the measured gases substantially at the same time and at the same point in the exhaust gas plume.
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19. The measuring system according to claim 16, wherein the measuring system comprises means for identifying the vehicle on the basis of the registration plate of the vehicle.
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20. The measuring system according to claim 19, wherein the measuring system comprises means for retrieving the exact type and/or model data of the vehicle from a register database by means of the data contained in the registration plate of the vehicle.
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21. The measuring system according to claim 20, wherein the measuring system comprises means for retrieving more detailed information about the vehicle model in question by means of said type and/or model data of the vehicle from a separate type database.
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22. The measuring system according to claim 21, wherein said more detailed information about the vehicle model in question comprises at least one of the following:
- dead weight, engine type, and properties of the transmission apparatus.
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23. The measuring system according to claim 16, wherein the measuring system comprises means for determining the speed and/or acceleration of the vehicle in the driving situation at the moment of measuring.
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24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the measuring system also comprises means for measuring the total weight of the vehicle and/or the weather conditions at the measurement site and time, and/or the profile of the surface of the road in the driving direction at the measurement site, and/or the roughness of the surface of the road prevailing at the measurement site and time.
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25. The measuring system according to claim 16, wherein the measuring system comprises means for determining the optical measuring value for nitrogen oxide at the infrared range in the vicinity of the wavelength of 5.26 μ
- m in such a way that, for wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering in reference and/or measuring channels intended for NO, a filtering means is used, whose transmission as a function of the wavelength correlates with the comb-like structure of the spectral lines of the absorption spectrum present in the vicinity of 5.25 μ
m of nitrogen oxide.
- m in such a way that, for wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering in reference and/or measuring channels intended for NO, a filtering means is used, whose transmission as a function of the wavelength correlates with the comb-like structure of the spectral lines of the absorption spectrum present in the vicinity of 5.25 μ
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26. The measuring system according to claim 25, wherein the measuring system comprises, in each of the reference and measuring channels intended for NO, a Fabry-Perot comb filter with substantially fixed tuning for the wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering.
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27. The measuring system according to claim 25, wherein the measuring system comprises, in the measuring channel intended for NO, a scanning Fabry-Perot comb filter for the wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering.
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28. The measuring system according to claim 25, wherein the measuring system comprises, in the reference channel intended for NO, an NO gas cell filter for the wavelength filtering or as part of the wavelength filtering, and, if necessary, a corresponding so-called dummy filter in the measuring channel, to balance the optical properties of said channels.
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29. The measuring system according to claim 16, wherein the measuring system comprises means for determining, by means of a calculatory vehicle model, an estimate for the fuel consumption of the vehicle under examination at the moment of measuring, and means for indicating the measured emission values as emission coefficients in the form of g/km and/or g/s and/or g/kWh by means of said estimate for the fuel consumption.
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30. The measuring system according to claim 16, wherein the measuring system comprises means for setting up a data transmission connection and for data transmission between the measuring system and one or more external systems.
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31. The method according to claim 16, wherein the measuring system also comprises means for taking measurements for benzene and/or 1,3-butadiene and/or N2O.
Specification