Adaptive equalization of digital modulating signal recovered from amplitude-modulated signal subject to multipath

• US 7,050,491 B2
• Filed: 10/15/2002
• Issued: 05/23/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 10/15/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Allen Le Roy Limberg, James Douglas Mcdonald
• Original Assignee: Allen Le Roy Limberg, James Douglas Mcdonald
• Inventors: McDonald, James Douglas, Limberg, Allen Le Roy
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Khai
• Assistant Examiner(s): WARE, CICELY Q
• Application Number:
  US10/271,386
• Publication Number:
  US 20030072363A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,316 Days
• Field of Search: 375/267, 375/232, 375/350
• US Class Current: 375/232
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03382 Single of vestigal sideband
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03445 Time domain
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0212 of impulse response
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/426 Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof H04N5/44 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/211 Ghost signal cancellation H04N23/81 takes precedence

Abstract

An adaptive equalizer for amplitude-modulation (AM) signal received by over-the-air radio transmission comprises feed-forward finite-impulse-response (FIR) filtering and further comprises infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filtering for feeding back decisions. The echo content of baseband signal demodulated from the AM signal is measured for initially determining the reception channel impulse response (CIR) in the time-domain. Thereafter, the CIR is updated by decision feedback. Periodically, the CIR is normalized with respect to the strength of a cursor component thereof. The strengths of longer-delay post-echoes in the normalized CIR are used to determine the weighting coefficients of the IIR filtering, which suppresses the longer-delay post-echoes. The pre-echo and short-delay post-echo portion of the normalized CIR is convolved with the normalized CIR to generate a synthetic normalized CIR. The strengths of pre-echoes and short-delay post-echoes in the synthetic normalized CIR are used to determine the weighting coefficients of the feed-forward FIR filtering, which suppresses the pre-echoes and short-delay post-echoes.

Claims

1. A method for adapting adjustable weighting coefficients of a feed-forward finite-impulse-response (FIR) digital filter that provides for performing at least a part of the channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering of successive samples of a demodulation signal resulting from demodulation of an amplitude-modulation signal descriptive of digital symbols occurring at a baud rate, which demodulation signal is subject to being accompanied by unwanted echoes because of said amplitude-modulation signal being received via a channel that at times has more than one length of propagation path therethrough, which unwanted echoes are to be suppressed in successive baud-rate samples of a baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering to said successive samples of said demodulation signal, said method comprising steps of:

initially measuring the echo content of samples of said demodulation signal to determine an initial channel impulse response (CIR) that characterizes the reception channel in the time-domain;

measuring reception error in said baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering to said successive samples of said demodulation signal;

continuously updating the CIR responsive to said reception error;

periodically, normalizing the CIR with respect to the strength of a cursor component thereof to generate a normalized CIR;

convolving the normalized CIR with at least a portion thereof to generate a synthetic normalized CIR; and

determining the weighting coefficients of said feed-forward FIR digital filter from corresponding terms of said synthetic normalized CIR.

2. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of convolving the normalized CIR with at least a portion thereof to generate a synthetic normalized CIR is performed so as to convolve the normalized CIR with itself, so said feed-forward FIR digital filter provides for performing all of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering.

3. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of convolving the normalized CIR with at least a portion thereof to generate a synthetic normalized CIR is performed so as to convolve the normalized CIR with just the portion thereof consisting of pre-echo terms and short-delay post-echo terms, so said feed-forward FIR digital filter provides for performing only a part of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering, said method further adapting adjustable weighting coefficients of an infinite-impulse-response (IIR) digital filter that provides for performing a further part of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering, said further adapting being done by the further step of:

determining the weighting coefficients of said IIR digital filter from long-delay post-echo terms of said normalized CIR.

4. Channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus connected for processing successive samples of a demodulation signal resulting from demodulation of an amplitude-modulation signal descriptive of digital symbols occurring at a baud rate, which demodulation signal is subject to being accompanied by unwanted echoes because of said amplitude-modulation signal being received via a channel that at times has more than one length of propagation path therethrough, which unwanted echoes are to be suppressed in successive baud-rate samples of a baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus to said successive samples of said demodulation signal, said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus comprising:

adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus with adjustable weighting coefficients, said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus connected for receiving as an input signal thereof said successive samples of said demodulation signal and for supplying an output signal from which is derived said response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus to said successive samples of said demodulation signal;

apparatus for determining an initial channel impulse response (CIR) that characterizes the reception channel in the time-domain;

apparatus for generating estimates of the digital modulation of the amplitude-modulation signal as originally transmitted;

a reception error detector connected for generating a reception error signal responsive to the amount by which the baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus differs from estimates of the digital modulation of the amplitude-modulation signal at the transmitter thereof;

a filter coefficients computer connected for receiving said CIR and said reception error signal, operable for continually updating the CIR responsive to said reception error signal, operable for periodically normalizing the CIR with respect to a principal component thereof to generate a periodically-updated normalized CIR, operable for computing an update of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus from each periodically-updated normalized CIR.

5. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 4, wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus comprises:

apparatus for supplying said demodulation signal as a complex demodulation signal with orthogonal first and second components each sampled at twice baud rate, each of said orthogonal first and second components of said complex demodulation signal being supplied as even and odd sets of alternate samples occurring at baud rate an in temporal alignment with each other;

first, second, third and fourth adaptive filters of similar construction with respective sets of adjustable weighting coefficients that said filter coefficients computer adjusts in parallel, said first adaptive filter connected to respond to said odd set of alternate samples of said first component of said complex demodulation signal to generate a first adaptive filter response, said second adaptive filter connected to respond to said odd set of alternate samples of said second component of said complex demodulation signal to generate a second adaptive filter response, said third adaptive filter connected to respond to said even set of alternate samples of said first component of said complex demodulation signal to generate a third adaptive filter response, and said fourth adaptive filter connected to respond to said even set of alternate samples of said second component of said complex demodulation signal to generate a fourth adaptive filter response;

circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of I signal in a de-rotated response to said first adaptive filter response and said second adaptive filter response;

circuitry connected for supplying even samples of I signal in a de-rotated response to said third adaptive filter response and said fourth adaptive filter response; and

a first symbol synchronizer connected for receiving said odd samples of I signal from said circuitry for supplying them, connected for receiving said even samples of I signal from said circuitry for supplying them, and connected for supplying optimally sampled baud-rate samples of I signal as said baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus.

6. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 5, wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus includes:

first I-and-Q-extraction circuitry comprising, in addition to said circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of I signal,

circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to said first adaptive filter response and said second adaptive filter response;

second I-and-Q-extraction circuitry comprising, in addition to said circuitry connected for supplying even samples of I signal,

circuitry connected for supplying even samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to said third adaptive filter response and said fourth adaptive filter response; and

a second symbol synchronizer connected for receiving said odd samples of Q signal from said circuitry for supplying them, connected for receiving said even samples of Q signal from said circuitry for supplying them, and connected for supplying optimally sampled baud-rate samples of Q signal as a further response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering, said further response being supplied for controlling the demodulation of said amplitude-modulation signal.

7. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 5;

wherein said first, second, third and fourth adaptive filters of similar construction each comprise

a respective component FIR digital filter and a respective component IIR digital filter;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component IIR digital filters from post-echo terms of said normalized CIR;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for convolving said normalized CIR with a portion of said normalized CIR consisting of its pre-echo terms to generate a synthetic normalized CIR; and

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component FIR digital filters from terms of said synthetic normalized CIR.

8. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 5;

wherein said first, second, third and fourth adaptive filters of similar construction each comprise

a respective component FIR digital filter and a respective component IIR digital filter;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component IIR digital filters from longer-delayed post-echo terms of said normalized CIR;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for convolving said normalized CIR with a portion of said normalized CIR consisting of its pre-echo and shorter-delayed post-echo terms to generate a synthetic normalized CIR; and

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component FIR digital filters from at least the pre-echo and shorter-delayed post-echo terms of said synthetic normalized CIR.

9. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 5, wherein said first symbol synchronizer comprises:

I-signal interpolation circuitry for combining concurrent odd and even samples of said I signal as received by said first symbol synchronizer, said combining being done in a plurality of various ν and

(1−

ν

) proportions to generate a plurality of respective I-signal interpolation results, where ν

is a variable having a number of values from zero to one;

circuitry for detecting the departures of each of said plurality of respective I-signal interpolation results from estimates of transmitted symbols and determining respective averages of the absolute values of those departures of each of said plurality of respective I-signal interpolation results over a prescribed time interval; and

I-signal selection circuitry for selecting one of the respective I-signal interpolation results that has the lowest of said respective averages to be said baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus.

10. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 9, wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus includes:

first I-and-Q-extraction circuitry comprising, in addition to said circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of I signal,

circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to said first adaptive filter response and said second adaptive filter response;

second I-and-Q-extraction circuitry comprising, in addition to said circuitry connected for supplying even samples of I signal,

circuitry connected for supplying even samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to said third adaptive filter response and said fourth adaptive filter response;

Q-signal interpolation circuitry for combining concurrent ones of said odd and even samples of said Q signal, said combining being done in said plurality of various ν and

(1−

ν

) proportions to generate a plurality of respective Q-signal interpolation results; and

Q-signal selection circuitry for selecting, as a signal for controlling the demodulation of said amplitude-modulation signal, the respective Q-signal interpolation result that combines said odd and even samples of said Q signal in the same ν and

(1−

ν

) proportion as the I-signal interpolation result that said I-signal selection circuitry selects as said response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus.

11. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 4, wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus comprises:

apparatus for supplying said demodulation signal as a complex demodulation signal with orthogonal first and second components each sampled at twice baud rate;

first and second adaptive filters of similar construction with respective sets of adjustable weighting coefficients that said filter coefficients computer adjusts in parallel, each said set of adjustable weighting coefficients being associated with kernel taps at two half-symbol-epochs spacing, the intervening kernel taps of said first and second adaptive filters being zero-valued, said first adaptive filter connected to respond to samples of said first component of said complex demodulation signal to generate a first adaptive filter response, said second adaptive filter connected to respond to samples of said second component of said complex demodulation signal to generate a second adaptive filter response;

first sample-separation circuitry for separating said first adaptive filter response into odd and even sets of alternate samples occurring at baud rate and being in temporal alignment with each other;

second sample-separation circuitry for separating said second adaptive filter response into odd and even sets of alternate samples occurring at baud rate and being in temporal alignment with each other;

circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of I signal in a de-rotated response to concurrent samples in the odd set of alternate samples of said first adaptive filter response and in the odd set of alternate samples of said second adaptive filter response;

circuitry connected for supplying even samples of I signal in a de-rotated response to concurrent samples in the even set of alternate samples of said first adaptive filter response and in the even set of alternate samples of said second adaptive filter response; and

a first symbol synchronizer connected for receiving said odd samples of I signal from said circuitry for supplying them, connected for receiving said even samples of I signal from said circuitry for supplying them, and connected for supplying optimally sampled baud-rate samples of I signal as said baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus.

12. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 11, wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus includes:

first I-and-Q-extraction circuitry comprising, in addition to said circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of I signal,

circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to concurrent odd samples of said first adaptive filter response and said second adaptive filter response;

second I-and-Q-extraction circuitry comprising, in addition to said circuitry connected for supplying even samples of I signal,

circuitry connected for supplying even samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to concurrent even samples of said first adaptive filter response and said second adaptive filter response;

a second symbol synchronizer connected for receiving said odd samples of Q signal from said circuitry for supplying them, connected for receiving said even samples of Q signal from said circuitry for supplying them, and connected for supplying optimally sampled baud-rate samples of Q signal as a further response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus, said further response being supplied for controlling the demodulation of said amplitude-modulation signal.

13. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 11;

wherein said first and second adaptive filters of similar construction each comprise

a respective component FIR digital filter and

a respective component IIR digital filter;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component IIR digital filters from post-echo terms of said normalized CIR;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for convolving said normalized CIR with a portion of said normalized CIR consisting of its pre-echo terms to generate a synthetic normalized CIR; and

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component FIR digital filters from terms of said synthetic normalized CIR.

14. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 11;

wherein said first and second adaptive filters of similar construction each comprise

a respective component FIR digital filter and

a respective component IIR digital filter;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component IIR digital filters from longer-delayed post-echo terms of said normalized CIR;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for convolving said normalized CIR with a portion of said normalized CIR consisting of its pre-echo and shorter-delayed post-echo terms to generate a synthetic normalized CIR; and

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component FIR digital filters from at least the pre-echo and shorter-delayed post-echo terms of said synthetic normalized CIR.

15. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 11, wherein said first symbol synchronizer comprises:

I-signal interpolation circuitry for combining concurrent odd and even samples of said I signal as received by said first symbol synchronizer, said combining being done in a plurality of various ν and

(1−

ν

) proportions to generate a plurality of respective I-signal interpolation results, where ν

is a variable having a number of values from zero to one;

circuitry for detecting the departures of each of said plurality of respective I-signal interpolation results from estimates of transmitted symbols and determining respective averages of the absolute values of those departures of each of said plurality of respective I-signal interpolation results over a prescribed time interval; and

I-signal selection circuitry for selecting one of the respective I-signal interpolation results that has the lowest of said respective averages to be said baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus.

16. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 15, wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus includes:

first I-and-Q-extraction circuitry comprising, in addition to said circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of I signal,

circuitry connected for supplying odd samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to concurrent odd samples of said first adaptive filter response and said second adaptive filter response;

second I-and-Q-extraction circuitry comprising, in addition to said circuitry connected for supplying even samples of I signal,

circuitry connected for supplying even samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to concurrent even samples of said first adaptive filter response and said second adaptive filter response;

circuitry connected for supplying even samples of Q signal in a de-rotated response to said third adaptive filter response and said fourth adaptive filter response;

Q-signal interpolation circuitry for combining concurrent ones of said odd and even samples of said Q signal, said combining being done in said plurality of various ν and

(1−

ν

) proportions to generate a plurality of respective Q-signal interpolation results; and

Q-signal selection circuitry for selecting, as a signal for controlling the demodulation of said amplitude-modulation signal, the respective Q-signal interpolation result that combines said odd and even samples of said Q signal in the same ν and

(1−

ν

) proportion as the I-signal interpolation result that said I-signal selection circuitry selects as said response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus.

17. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 4;

wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus is connected for receiving as an input signal thereof said demodulation signal as a real-only signal supplied at twice baud rate;

wherein the adjustable weighting coefficients of said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus are associated with kernel taps at two half-symbol-epochs spacing, the intervening kernel taps of said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus being zero-valued; and

wherein there is further included;

sample-separation circuitry for separating said output signal of said adaptive digital transversal filtering into odd and even sets of alternate samples occurring at baud rate and being in temporal alignment with each other

into a set of odd alternate samples thereof and a set of even alternate samples thereof, the samples of each of said sets of alternate samples occurring at baud rate and being in temporal alignment with each other; and

a symbol synchronizer connected for receiving said odd set of alternate samples of said output signal of said adaptive digital transversal filtering from said sample-separation circuitry that occur at baud rate, connected for receiving said even set of alternate samples of said output signal of said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus from said sample-separation circuitry, and connected for supplying optimally sampled baud-rate samples of said baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus.

18. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 17;

wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus comprises

a component FIR digital filter and a component IIR digital filter;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component IIR digital filter from post-echo terms of said normalized CIR;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for convolving said normalized CIR with a portion of said normalized CIR consisting of its pre-echo terms to generate a synthetic normalized CIR; and

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component FIR digital filter from terms of said synthetic normalized CIR.

19. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 17;

wherein said adaptive digital transversal filtering apparatus comprises

a component FIR digital filter and a component IIR digital filter;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component IIR digital filter from longer-delayed post-echo terms of said normalized CIR;

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for convolving said normalized CIR with a portion of said normalized CIR consisting of its pre-echo and shorter-delayed post-echo terms to generate a synthetic normalized CIR; and

wherein said filter coefficients computer is operable for computing the updates of the adjustable weighting coefficients of said component FIR digital filter from at least the pre-echo and shorter-delayed post-echo terms of said synthetic normalized CIR.

20. The channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus of claim 17, wherein said symbol synchronizer comprises:

interpolation circuitry for combining concurrent samples from said odd and even sets of alternate samples of said output signal of said adaptive digital transversal filtering, said combining being done in a plurality of various ν and

(1−

ν

) proportions to generate a plurality of respective interpolation results, where ν

is a variable having a number of values from zero to one;

circuitry for detecting the departures of each of said plurality of respective interpolation results from estimates of transmitted symbols and determining respective averages of the absolute values of those departures of each of said plurality of respective interpolation results over a prescribed time interval; and

selection circuitry for selecting one of the respective interpolation results that has the lowest of said respective averages to be said baseband response of said channel-equalization and echo-suppression filtering apparatus.