Electrodeposition of redox polymers and co-electrodeposition of enzymes by coordinative crosslinking
First Claim
1. Method of modifying an electrode surface, comprising:
- providing an electrode surface;
providing redox polymers at the electrode surface, each redox polymer comprising a complex of a transition metal;
a first ligand of the complex; and
a second ligand;
the providing redox polymers providing sufficient complex centers at at least a portion of the electrode surface for electrodeposition of the redox polymers; and
electrodepositing the redox polymers to form a redox polymer film on at least the portion of the electrode surface via application of a potential or at least one cycle of varied potential, the electrodepositing comprising coordinative crosslinking of the first ligand of a first redox polymer with the second ligand of the first redox polymer or the second ligand of a second redox polymer.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Thin films of transition metal complex-based redox polymers are electrodeposited on electrodes. When hydrated, an electrodeposited film conducts electrons by electron exchange between backbone-bound, but mobile, functional segments of its redox polymer constituents. These functional segments, or redox complexes, have labile ligands in their inner coordination spheres. The backbones of the redox polymers have strongly coordinating ligands. Electrodeposition results from coordinative crosslinking by exchange of labile ligands and strongly coordinating ligands between polymer chains. When a biological macromolecule or protein, such as a redox enzyme, is added to the solution from which the redox polymer is electrodeposited, it is co-electrodeposited on the electrode surface. When the co-deposited film contains redox enzymes, for example, the modified electrode may be used to catalyze the electrooxidation or electroreduction of substrates of the enzymes. Electrodes modified according to the invention also have application in chemical or biological assays.
153 Citations
66 Claims
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1. Method of modifying an electrode surface, comprising:
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providing an electrode surface; providing redox polymers at the electrode surface, each redox polymer comprising a complex of a transition metal;
a first ligand of the complex; and
a second ligand;
the providing redox polymers providing sufficient complex centers at at least a portion of the electrode surface for electrodeposition of the redox polymers; andelectrodepositing the redox polymers to form a redox polymer film on at least the portion of the electrode surface via application of a potential or at least one cycle of varied potential, the electrodepositing comprising coordinative crosslinking of the first ligand of a first redox polymer with the second ligand of the first redox polymer or the second ligand of a second redox polymer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63)
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64. Method of modifying an electrode surface, comprising:
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providing an electrode surface; providing redox polymers at the electrode surface, each redox polymer comprising a first anionic ligand and a second ligand; and electrodepositing the redox polymers to form a redox polymer film on at least a portion of the electrode surface via application of a potential or at least one cycle of varied potential, the electrodepositing comprising coordinative crosslinking of the first ligand of a first redox polymer with the second ligand of the first redox polymer or the second ligand of a second redox polymer.
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65. Method of modifying an electrode surface, comprising:
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providing an electrode surface; providing redox polymers at the electrode surface, each redox polymer comprising a first ligand and a second ligand; and electrodepositing the redox polymers to form a redox polymer film on at least a portion of the electrode surface via application of a potential or at least one cycle of varied potential, the electrodepositing comprising coordinative crosslinking of the first ligand of a first redox polymer with the second ligand of the first redox polymer or the second ligand of a second redox polymer.
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66. Method of modifying an electrode surface, comprising:
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providing an electrode surface; providing redox polymers at the electrode surface, each redox polymer comprising a complex of a transition metal, a first ligand, and a second ligand; and electrodepositing the redox polymers to form a redox polymer film on at least a portion of the electrode surface via application of a potential or at least one cycle of varied potential, the electrodepositing comprising coordinative crosslinking of the first ligand of a first redox polymer with the second ligand of the first redox polymer or the second ligand of a second redox polymer.
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Specification