Delivery of antipsychotics through an inhalation route

• US 7,052,679 B2
• Filed: 01/28/2004
• Issued: 05/30/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 05/24/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Alexza Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Grupo Ferrer Internacional SA)
• Original Assignee: Alexza Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Grupo Ferrer Internacional SA)
• Inventors: Rabinowitz, Joshua D., Zaffaroni, Alejandro C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Padmanabhan, Sreeni
• Assistant Examiner(s): Haghighatian, Mina
• Application Number:
  US10/767,115
• Publication Number:
  US 20040184997A1
• Time in Patent Office: 853 Days
• Field of Search: 424/45, 424/46, 424/489, 424/499, 424/43, 424/434, 424/789, 424/165, 424/200.14, 424/200.12, 514/958, 514/598, 128/200.14, 128/200.24, 128/203.15
• US Class Current: 424/45
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/00 Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/137 Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/138 Aryloxyalkylamines, e.g. propranolol, tamoxifen, phenoxybenzamine atenolol A61K31/165; pindolol A61K31/404; timolol A61K31/5377
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/165 having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/19 Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid salicylic acid A61K31/60
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/192 having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid cannabinoids A61K31/658
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/195 having an amino group
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/216 of acids having aromatic rings, e.g. benactizyne, clofibrate
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/27 of carbamic or thiocarbamic acids, meprobamate, carbachol, neostigmine
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/404 Indoles, e.g. pindolol
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/405 Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/407 condensed with other heterocyclic ring systems, e.g. ketorolac, physostigmine
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/4196 1,2,4-Triazoles
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/421 1,3-Oxazoles, e.g. pemoline, trimethadione
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/422 not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/423 condensed with carbocyclic rings
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/437 the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/473 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. acridines, phenanthridines
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/485 Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/49 Cinchonan derivatives, e.g. quinine
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/495 : having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazinesA61K31/48 takes precedence ; with three nitrogen atoms A61K31/53
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/496 : Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/4985 : Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/501 : not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/519 : ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/53 : having six-membered rings with three nitrogens as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. chlorazanil, melamine melarsoprol A61K31/555 ; with four nitrogen atoms A61K31/495
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/551 : having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/5517 : condensed with five-membered rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. imidazobenzodiazepines, triazolam
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/54 : the modifying agent being an organic compound
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/007 : Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0073 : Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy; nasal sprays A61K9/0043; inhalation of vapours of volatile or heated drugs, e.g. essential oils or nicotine, A61K9/007; devices A61M
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/12 : Aerosols; Foams A61K9/0043, A61K9/0056, A61K9/006, A61K9/0073 take precedence; spray-films A61K9/7015
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/042 : electrical
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/06 : Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8206 : battery-operated
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 15/10 : for impotence
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 21/02 : Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/00 : Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/06 : Antimigraine agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/08 : Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/16 : Anti-Parkinson drugs
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/18 : Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/20 : Hypnotics; Sedatives
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/22 : Anxiolytics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/24 : Antidepressants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/32 : Alcohol-abuse
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 29/00 : Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/04 : Antibacterial agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/08 : Antiallergic agents antiasthmatic agents A61P11/06; ophthalmic antiallergics A61P27/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 : Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• CPC Class Codes: F24V 30/00 : Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion

Abstract

The present invention relates to the delivery of antipsychotics through an inhalation route. Specifically, it relates to aerosols containing antipsychotics that are used in inhalation therapy. In a method aspect of the present invention, an antipsychotic is delivered to a patient through an inhalation route. The method comprises: a) heating a thin layer of an antipsychotic, on a solid support, to form a vapor; and, b) passing air through the heated vapor to produce aerosol particles having less than 5% antipsychotic drug degradation products. In a kit aspect of the present invention, a kit for delivering an antipsychotic through an inhalation route is provided which comprises: a) a thin film of an antipsychotic and b) a device for dispensing said thin film as a condensation aerosol.

Claims

1. A condensation aerosol for delivery of a drug selected from the group consisting of olanzapine, trifluoperazine, haloperidol, loxapine, risperidone, clozapine, quetiapine, promazine, thiothixene, chlorpromazine, droperidol, prochlorperazine and fluphenazine,

wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing the drug, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of the drug, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol,

characterized by less than 10% drug degradation products by weight, and

an MMAD of less than 5 microns.

2. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed at a rate greater than 10⁹ particles per second.

3. The condensation aerosol according to claim 2, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed at a rate greater than 10¹⁰ particles per second.

7. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by an MMAD of 0.1 to 5 microns.

8. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by an MMAD of less than 3 microns.

9. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by an MMAD of about 0.2 to about 3 microns.

10. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by less than 5% drug degradation products by weight.

11. The condensation aerosol according to claim 10, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by less than 2.5% drug degradation products by weight.

12. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the solid support is a metal foil.

13. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is olanzapine.

14. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is trifluoperazine.

15. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is haloperidol.

16. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is loxapine.

17. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is risperidone.

18. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is clozapine.

19. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is quetiapine.

20. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is promazine.

21. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is thiothixene.

22. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is chlorpromazine.

23. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is droperidol.

24. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is prochlorperazine.

25. The condensation aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the drug is fluphenazine.

4. A method of producing a drug selected from the group consisting of olanzapine, trifluoperazine, haloperidol, loxapine, risperidone, clozapine, quetiapine, promazine, thiothixene, chlorpromazine, droperidol, prochlorperazine and fluphenazine, in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing the drug, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of the drug, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 10% drug degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of less than 5 microns.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed at a rate greater than 10⁹ particles per second.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed at a rate greater than 10¹⁰ particles per second.

26. The method according to claim 4, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by an MMAD of 0.1 to 5 microns.

27. The method according to claim 4, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by an MMAD of less than 3 microns.

28. The method according to claim 4, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

29. The method according to claim 4, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by less than 5% drug degradation products by weight.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the condensation aerosol is characterized by less than 2.5% drug degradation products by weight.

31. The method according to claim 4, wherein the solid support is a metal foil.

32. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is olanzapine.

33. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is trifluoperazine.

34. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is haloperidol.

35. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is loxapine.

36. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is risperidone.

37. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is clozapine.

38. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is quetiapine.

39. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is promazine.

40. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is thiothixene.

41. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is chlorpromazine.

42. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is droperidol.

43. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is prochlorperazine.

44. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drug is fluphenazine.

45. A condensation aerosol for delivery of olanzapine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing olanzapine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of olanzapine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% olanzapine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of 0.2 to 3 microns.

46. A condensation aerosol for delivery of trifluoperazine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing trifluoperazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of trifluoperazine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% trifluoperazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

47. A condensation aerosol for delivery of haloperidol, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing haloperidol, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of haloperidol, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% haloperidol degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

48. A condensation aerosol for delivery of loxapine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing loxapine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of loxapine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% loxapine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

49. A condensation aerosol for delivery of risperidone, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing risperidone, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of risperidone, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% risperidone degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

50. A condensation aerosol for delivery of clozapine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing clozapine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of clozapine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% clozapine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

51. A condensation aerosol for delivery of quetiapine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing quetiapine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of quetiapine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% quetiapine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

52. A condensation aerosol for delivery of promazine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing promazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of promazine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% promazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

53. A condensation aerosol for delivery of thiothixene, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing thiothixene, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of thiothixene, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% thiothixene degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

54. A condensation aerosol for delivery of chlorpromazine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing chlorpromazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of chlorpromazine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% chlorpromazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

55. A condensation aerosol for delivery of droperidol, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing droperidol, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of droperidol, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% droperidol degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

56. A condensation aerosol for delivery of prochlorperazine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing prochlorperazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of prochlorperazine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% prochlorperazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

57. A condensation aerosol for delivery of fluphenazine, wherein the condensation aerosol is formed by heating a thin layer containing fluphenazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of fluphenazine, and condensing the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% fluphenazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

58. A method of producing olanzapine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing olanzapine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of olanzapine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% olanzapine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

59. A method of producing trifluoperazine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing trifluoperazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of trifluoperazine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% trifluoperazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

60. A method of producing haloperidol in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing haloperidol, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of haloperidol, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% haloperidol degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

61. A method of producing loxapine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing loxapine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of loxapine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% loxapine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

62. A method of producing risperidone in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing risperidone, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of risperidone, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% risperidone degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

63. A method of producing clozapine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing clozapine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of clozapine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% clozapine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

64. A method of producing quetiapine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing quetiapine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of quetiapine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% quetiapine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

65. A method of producing promazine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing promazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of promazine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% promazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

66. A method of producing thiothixene in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing thiothixene, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of thiothixene, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% thiothixene degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

67. A method of producing chlorpromazine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing chlorpromazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of chlorpromazine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% chlorpromazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

68. A method of producing droperidol in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing droperidol, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of droperidol, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% droperidol degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

69. A method of producing prochlorperazine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing prochlorperazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of prochlorperazine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% prochlorperazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.

70. A method of producing fluphenazine in an aerosol form comprising:

a. heating a thin layer containing fluphenazine, on a solid support, to produce a vapor of fluphenazine, and

b. providing an air flow through the vapor to form a condensation aerosol characterized by less than 5% fluphenazine degradation products by weight, and an MMAD of about 0.2 to 3 microns.