Power supply controller, electric vehicle and battery control unit

• US 7,053,588 B2
• Filed: 11/03/2005
• Issued: 05/30/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 11/04/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Panasonic EV Energy Company, Limited (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Panasonic EV Energy Company, Limited (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Nakanishi, Toshiaki, Minamiura, Keiichi
• Primary Examiner(s): TIBBITS, PIA FLORENCE
• Application Number:
  US11/266,073
• Publication Number:
  US 20060091857A1
• Time in Patent Office: 208 Days
• Field of Search: 320/104, 320/106, 320/112, 320/152, 702/63
• US Class Current: 320/104
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/14 Preventing excessive discharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/21 having the same nominal voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0031 using battery or load disconnect circuits H02J9/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A voltage measurement part 200 measures voltage Vn for each of the blocks of a battery pack 7, electric current In is measured with the same timing by a current measuring circuit 201, and a counter 206 counts the number of times an effective load power Pn obtained from a product of the electric current and voltage of each block by an electric power computation part 203 exceeds permissible electric power values Pcn and Pdn calculated by a permissible electric power computation part 205, such that when the count value is equal to or higher than a preset value, a decision part 207 outputs a contactor opening request signal Copen so as to bring the contactors into an open state and protect the battery pack.

Claims

1. A power supply controller used for controlling the status of connection between a battery pack formed by combining a plurality of single cells or unit cells that are secondary batteries, and a load attached to the battery pack, the power supply controller comprising:

contact switching devices provided between the battery pack and the load;

a voltage measurement part for measuring voltage block-by-block on a time series basis, with each block containing a predetermined number of single cells or unit cells from the battery pack;

a current measuring circuit for measuring electric current flowing in the battery pack with the same timing as the timing used by the voltage measurement part to measure the voltage of each block;

an electric power computation part for receiving a voltage for each block from the voltage measurement part and an electric current from the current measuring circuit and calculating an electric power for each block;

a counter for counting the number of times the electric power of each block calculated by the electric power computation part exceeds a permissible electric power value; and

a control circuit controlling the contact switching devices to an open state at the point when a count value of the counter is equal to or higher than a preset value.

2. The power supply controller according to claim 1, wherein the voltage measurement part comprises a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a capacitor, a third switch circuit, and a voltage measuring circuit,

the first switch circuit comprises a group of first switch elements, one end of which is connected to one end of every other block constituting the battery pack and the other ends are jointly connected to a first potential detection line;

the second switch circuit has a group of second switch elements, one end of which is connected to the other end of every other block constituting the battery pack and the other ends are jointly connected to a second potential detection line, and, after putting a second switch element forming part of the group of second switch elements into an ON state with the same timing as a first switch element forming part of the group of first switch elements enters into an ON state and putting said second switch element into an OFF state with the same timing as said first switch element enters into an OFF state, brings said second switch element into an ON state again with the same timing as the timing with which a next first switch element forming part of the group of first switch elements enters into an ON state;

the capacitor is provided between the first potential detection line and the second potential detection line;

the third switch circuit goes from an OFF state to an ON state and outputs a potential at both ends of the capacitor after the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit go from an ON state to an OFF state; and

the voltage measuring circuit measures voltage for each block based on the potential outputted from the third switch circuit.

3. The power supply controller according to claim 1, which is further comprises a temperature measuring circuit, a state-of-charge computation part, and a permissible electric power computation part, wherein

the temperature measuring circuit measures temperature in the vicinity of the blocks subject to the block-by-block voltage measurement by the voltage measurement part,

the state-of-charge computation part calculates a state of charge of the battery pack, and

the permissible electric power computation part calculates a permissible electric power value for each block based on a temperature/voltage-dependent permissible electric power value, which depends on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring circuit and on the voltage measured by the voltage measurement part, a state-of-charge dependent permissible electric power value, which depends on the state-of-charge calculated by the state-of-charge computation part, and a temperature/state-of-charge dependent permissible electric power value, which depends on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring circuit and on the state-of-charge calculated by the state-of-charge computation part.

4. The power supply controller according to claim 3, wherein the permissible electric power computation part calculates the smallest value among the temperature/voltage-dependent permissible electric power value, the state-of-charge dependent permissible electric power value, and the temperature/state-of-charge dependent permissible electric power value as the permissible electric power value for each block.

5. An electric vehicle that moves by converting DC power from a battery pack formed by combining a plurality of single cells or unit cells that are secondary batteries to AC power using an inverter and supplying it to a motor, wherein the electric vehicle comprises:

at least two contact switching devices provided between the battery pack and the inverter;

a voltage measurement part for measuring voltage block-by-block on a time series basis, with each block containing a predetermined number of single cells or unit cells from the battery pack;

a current measuring circuit for measuring electric current flowing in the battery pack with the same timing as the one used by the voltage measurement part to measure the voltage of each block;

an electric power computation part for receiving a voltage for each block from the voltage measurement part and an electric current from the current measuring circuit and calculating an electric power for each block;

a counter for counting the number of times the electric power of each block calculated by the electric power computation part exceeds a permissible electric power value; and

a control circuit controlling the contact switching devices to be in an open state at the point when the count value of the counter is equal to or higher than a preset value.

6. The electric vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the voltage measurement part comprises a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a capacitor, a third switch circuit, and a voltage measuring circuit,

the first switch circuit comprises a group of first switch elements, one end of which is connected to one end of every other block constituting the battery pack and the other ends are jointly connected to a first potential detection line;

the second switch circuit has a group of second switch elements, one end of which is connected to the other end of every other block constituting the battery pack and the other ends are jointly connected to a second potential detection line, and, after putting a second switch element forming part of the group of second switch elements into an ON state with the same timing as a first switch element forming part of the group of first switch elements enters into an ON state and putting said second switch element into an OFF state with the same timing as said first switch element enters into an OFF state, brings said second switch element into an ON state again with the same timing as the timing with which a next first switch element forming part of the group of first switch elements enters into an ON state;

the capacitor is provided between the first potential detection line and the second potential detection line;

the third switch circuit goes from an OFF state to an ON state and outputs a potential at both ends of the capacitor after the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit go from an ON state to an OFF state; and

the voltage measuring circuit measures voltage for each block based on the potential outputted from the third switch circuit.

7. The electric vehicle according to claim 5, which further comprises a temperature measuring circuit, a state-of-charge computation part, and a permissible electric power computation part, wherein:

the temperature measuring circuit measures temperature in the vicinity of the blocks subject to the block-by-block voltage measurement by the voltage measurement part,

the state-of-charge computation part calculates a state of charge of the battery pack, and

the permissible electric power computation part calculates a permissible electric power value for each block based on a temperature/voltage-dependent permissible electric power value, which depends on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring circuit and on the voltage measured by the voltage measurement part, a state-of-charge dependent permissible electric power value, which depends on the state-of-charge calculated by the state-of-charge computation part, and a temperature/state-of-charge dependent permissible electric power value, which depends on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring circuit and on the state-of-charge calculated by the state-of-charge computation part.

8. The electric vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the permissible electric power computation part calculates the smallest value among the temperature/voltage-dependent permissible electric power value, the state-of-charge dependent permissible electric power value, and the temperature/state-of-charge dependent permissible electric power value as the permissible electric power value for each block.

9. A battery control unit controlling the condition of a battery pack formed by combining a plurality of single cells or unit cells that are secondary batteries, the battery control unit comprising:

a voltage measurement part for measuring voltage block-by-block on a time series basis, with each block containing a predetermined number of single cells or unit cells from the battery pack;

a current measuring circuit for measuring electric current flowing in the battery pack with the same timing as the one used by the voltage measurement part to measure the voltage of each block;

an electric power computation part for receiving a voltage for each block from the voltage measurement part and an electric current from the current measuring circuit and calculating an electric power for each block;

a counter for counting the number of times the electric power of each block calculated by the electric power computation part exceeds a permissible electric power value; and

a decision part for deciding whether the count value of the counter has reached a preset value and sending the decision results out.