Thin film battery and method of manufacture

• US 7,056,620 B2
• Filed: 03/22/2001
• Issued: 06/06/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 09/07/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: KLA Corporation
• Original Assignee: Front Edge Technology, Inc
• Inventors: Nieh, Kai-Wei, Krasnov, Victor
• Primary Examiner(s): Ryan, Patrick
• Assistant Examiner(s): ANTHONY, JULIAN
• Application Number:
  US09/815,886
• Publication Number:
  US 20020028384A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,902 Days
• Field of Search: 429/162, 429/233, 429/236, 429/237, 429/291, 429/231.95
• US Class Current: 429/162
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/058 Construction or manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/04 Processes of manufacture in general
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0402 Methods of deposition of the material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0404 by coating on electrode collectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0423 Physical vapour deposition
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5815 Sulfides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/662 Alloys collectors of lead alloys H01M4/685
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/70 characterised by shape or form
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/75 Wires, rods or strips
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/46 Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/10 Battery-grid making
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49115 including coating or impregnating

Abstract

A battery comprises a substrate having a cathode with a lower surface contacting the substrate and an opposing upper surface. A cathode current collector comprises conducting lines that contact the upper surface of the cathode. An electrolyte at least partially extends through the cathode current collector and contacts the cathode. An anode contacts the electrolyte, and optionally, an anode current collector contacts the anode. Also, because the cathode is formed on the substrate before the cathode current collector, the cathode current collector advantageously does not have to be fabricated out of a metal that is capable of withstanding further processing of the cathode, such as annealing of the cathode.

Claims

1. A battery comprising:

a substrate;

a cathode on the substrate, the cathode having a surface;

a cathode current collector comprising a plurality of conducting lines that contact the surface of the cathode, the conducting lines having spacings therebetween;

an electrolyte at least partially extending through the spacings between the conducting lines of the cathode current collector to contact the cathode; and

an anode contacting the electrolyte.

2. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the cathode current collector is between electrolyte and the cathode.

3. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the cathode current collector is absent a non-reactive metal containing material.

4. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the cathode current collector comprises aluminum, cobalt, copper, nickel, titanium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, indium-tin oxide, and alloys and compounds mixtures thereof.

5. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the conducting lines comprise elongated prongs extending from a base prong.

6. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the conducting lines contact less than 80% of the area of the surface of the cathode.

7. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises mica.

8. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

9. A battery according to claim 1 comprising an anode current collector contacting the anode.

10. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of conducting lines comprise one or more of meandering lines, circular lines, random lines, radial lines, horizontal lines, vertical lines, diagnolal lines and arcuate lines

11. A thin film battery comprising:

a substrate comprising a dielectric material;

a cathode layer having a surface adhering to the substrate and an opposing surface;

a cathode current collector layer comprising one or more conducting lines adhering to the opposing surface of the cathode layer, the conducting lines having spacings therebetween or thereabout;

an anode layer facing the opposing surface of the cathode layer and the cathode current collector layer; and

an electrolyte layer between the cathode current collector layer, cathode layer and anode layer, the electrolyte layer at least partially extending through the spacings between or about the one or more conducting lines of the cathode current collector layer to contact the opposing surfae of the cathode layer.

12. A battery according to claim 11 wherein the cathode current collector comprises aluminum, cobalt, copper, nickel, titanium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconlium, indium-tin oxide, and alloys and compounds mixtures thereof.

13. A battery according to claim 11 wherein the conducting lines comprise elongated prongs extending from a base prong.

14. A battery according to claim 11 wherein the substrate comprises mica.

15. A battery according to claim 14 wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

16. A battery comprising:

a substrate;

a cathode having a surface on the substrate and an opposing surface;

a cathode current collector comprising a pattern of conducting lines contacting the opposing surace of the cathode, the conducting lines having spacings therebetween;

an anode; and

an electrolyte between the cathode and anode, the electrolyte at least partially extending through the spacings between the conducting lines.

17. A battery according to claim 16 wherein the pattern of conducting lines comprise one or more of meandering lines, circular lines, random lines, radial lines, horizontal lines, vertical lines, diagnolal lines and arcuate lines.

18. A battery according to claim 16 wherein the substrate comprises mica.

19. A battery according to claim 16 wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

20. A battery comprising:

a substrate;

a cathode on the substrate, the cathode having a surface;

a cathode current colletor contacting the surface of the cathode, the cathode current collector comprising conducting lines having a plurality of elongated prongs extending outwardly from a base prong, the elongated prongs having spacings therebetween;

an electrolyte at least partially extending through the spacings between the elongated prongs of the cathode current collector to the contact the cathode; and

an anode contacting the electrolyte. substrate comprises mica.

21. A battery according to claim 20 wherein the substrate comprises mica.

22. A battery according to claim 20 wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

23. A battery according to claim 20 wherein the electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride.

24. A battery according to claim 20 wherein the cathode current collector comprises one or more of cooper, aluminum and indium tin oxide.

25. A battery comprising:

a substrate;

a cathode comprising lithium cobalt oxide, the cathode having a surace on the substrate and an opposing surface;

a cathode current collector contacting the opposing surface of the cathode, the cathode current collector comprising conducting lines having a plurality of elongated prongs extending outwardly from a base prong, the elongated prongs having spacings therebetween, the cathode current collector comprising one or more of copper, aluminum, and indium tin oxide;

an electrolyte comprising lithium phosphorus osynitride at least partially extending through the spacings between the elongated prongs of the cathode current collector to contact the opposing surface of the cathode; and

an anode facing the opposing surface of the cathode and contacting the electrolyte.

26. A battery according to claim 25 wherein the substrate comprises mica.

27. A battery comprising:

a substrate;

a cathode having a surface on the substrate and an opposing surface;

a cathode current collector contacting the opposing surface of the cathode, the cathode current collector comprising a patten of conductors having a plurality of shapes with spacing therebetween, the plurality of shapes comprising one or more different shapes;

an electrolyte at least partially extending through the spacings between the shapes of the pattern of conductors of the cathode current collector to contact the opposing surface of the cathode; and

an anode contacting the electrolyte.

28. A battery according to claim 27 wherein the substrate comprises mica.

29. A battery according to claim 27 wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

30. A battery according to claim 27 wherein the electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride.

31. A battery according to claim 27 wherein the cathode current collector comprises one or more of copper, aluminum and indium in oxide.

32. A battery comprising:

a substrate;

a cathode having a surface on the substrate and an opposing surface;

a cathode current collector contacting the opposing surface of the cathode, the cathode current collector comprising a layer having spacins therein;

an electrolyte at least partially extending through the spacings in the cathode current collector layer to contat the opposing suface of the cathode; and

an anode contacting the electrolyte.

33. A battery according to claim 32 wherein the layer is continuous.

34. A battery according to claim 32 wherein the substrate comprises mica.

35. A battery according to claim 32 wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

36. A battery according to claim 32 wherein the electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride.

37. A battery according to claim 32 wherein the cathode current collector comprises one or more of copper, aluminum and indium in oxide.

38. A battery comprising:

a substrate;

a cathode having a surface on the substrate and an opposing surface;

a cathode current collector contacting the opposing surfae of the cathode, the cathode current collector comprising a single continuous conducting line having portions with spacings therebetween;

an electrolyte at least partially extending through the spacings between portions of the conducting line of the cathode current collector to contact the opposing surface of the cathode; and

an anode contacting the electrolyte.

39. A battery according to claim 38 wherein the conducting line comprises concentric arcuate portions.

40. A battery according to claim 38 wherein the cathode current collector covers substantially the entire cathode opposing surface.

41. A battery according to claim 38 wherein the substrate comprises mica.

42. A battery according to claim 38 wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

43. A battery according to claim 38 wherein the electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride.

44. A battery according to claim 38 wherein the cathode current collector comprises one or more of copper, aluminum and indium tin oxide.