Oversampling pulse oximeter

• US 7,062,307 B2
• Filed: 06/08/2004
• Issued: 06/13/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Datex-Ohmeda Incorporated (General Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Datex-Ohmeda Incorporated (General Electric Company)
• Inventors: Norris, Mark A., Hanna, D. Alan
• Primary Examiner(s): WINAKUR, ERIC FRANK
• Application Number:
  US10/864,080
• Publication Number:
  US 20050020894A1
• Time in Patent Office: 735 Days
• Field of Search: 600309-310, 600/316, 600322-326, 600330-331, 600/336
• US Class Current: 600/330
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0214 of power generation or supply
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02422 within occluders
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7225 Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation A61B5/30, A61B5/316 take precedence; transformers for specific applications H01F38/00; amplifiers H03F
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7264 Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems neural networks per se G06N3/00; expert systems per se G06N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7292 Prospective gating, i.e. predicting the occurrence of a physiological event for use as a synchronisation signal

Abstract

An oversampling pulse oximeter includes an analog to digital converter with a sampling rate sufficient to take multiple samples per source cycle. In one embodiment, a pulse oximeter (100) includes two or more light sources (102) driven by light source drives (104) in response to drive signals from a digital signal processing unit (116). The source drives (104) may drive the sources (102) to produce a frequency division multiplex signal. The optical signals transmitted by the light sources (102) are transmitted through a patient'"'"'s appendage (103) and impinge on a detector (106). The detector (106) provides an analog current signal representative of the received optical signals. An amplifier circuit (110) converts the analog current signal to an analog voltage signal in addition to performing a number of other functions. The amplifier circuit (110) outputs an analog voltage signal which is representative of the optical signals from the sources (102). This analog voltage signal is received by a fast A/D converter (112) which samples the analog voltage signal to generate a digital voltage signal which can be processed by the digital signal processing unit (116). The fast A/D converter (112) operates at a rate sufficient to take multiple samples per source cycle and may have a sampling frequency, for example, of over 41 kHz. The digital signal processing unit (116) implements software for averaging the samples over a source cycle for improved measurement consistency, improved signal to noise ratio and reduced A/D converter word length.

Claims

1. A pulse oximeter, comprising:

a first source for emitting light having a first spectral content;

a second source for emitting light having a second spectral content different than said first spectral content;

a drive system for pulsing each of said first and second sources according to first and second non-alternating modulation signals, respectively such that said first and second sources output first and second optical signals, respectively, each of said first and second optical signals including a series of high output periods separated by low output periods;

a detector for receiving said first and second optical signals and providing a detector signal representative of said received fist and second optical signals; and

a digital sampler, operatively associated with said detector, for providing multiple digital values based on said detector signal corresponding to said series of high output periods and a low output periods of said first and second sources;

a phase detector operative to receive said multiple digital values and identify a synchronized time period where said first and second non-alternating modulation signals are synchronized about a common point; and

a processor for using said multiple digital values associated with said synchronized time period in performing processing steps related to determining an oxygen saturation related value.

2. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first source emits red light and said second source emits infrared light.

3. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said drive system pulses said first light source based on said first modulating signal and pulses said second light source based on said second modulating signal so that the first and second optical signals define a composite signal including temporal overlap events where the respective high output periods of the first and second optical signals temporally overlap.

4. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 3, wherein said digital sampler has a sampling rate that is sufficiently fast to track a shape of said composite signal, said shape including a profile of said composite signal corresponding to at least a portion of said series of high output periods for each of said first and second sources.

5. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said detector signal provided by said detector is an analog current signal reflecting an intensity of light incident on said detector as a function of time.

6. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 5, further comprising circuitry for receiving said analog current signal and outputting an analog voltage signal representative of said first and second optical signals.

7. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 6, wherein said circuitry is further operative for subtracting one of a DC component and a Low frequency component from said analog current signal such that said subtracted component is not reflected in said analog voltage signal.

8. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said digital sampler has a sampling rate sufficient to obtain at least about 3 of said digital values corresponding to a single high output period of one of said first and second sources.

9. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said digital sampler has a sampling rate sufficient to obtain at least about 20 of said digital values corresponding to a single high output period of one of said first and second sources.

10. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said digital sampler outputs a digital signal to said processor including a first portion representative of said first optical signal and a second portion representative of said second optical signal, and said processor implements demodulation logic for extracting from said digital signal a first set of data corresponding to said first portion of said digital signal and a second set of data corresponding to said second portion of said digital signal.

11. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said processor implements averaging logic for receiving multiple values corresponding to a single high output period of one of said first and second sources and for determining an intensity related value based on said multiple values.

12. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said synchronized time period includes an integer number of high output periods for each of said first and second optical signals.

13. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein processing further comprises performing a linear regression analysis to determine said oxygen saturation related value.

14. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, further comprising synchronizing first and second demodulation functions to said first and second modulation signals.

15. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 1, wherein frequencies of said first and second modulating signals are different.

16. A pulse oximeter, comprising:

a first source for emitting light having a first spectral content;

a second source for emitting light having a second spectral content different than said first spectral content;

a drive system for pulsing each of said first and second sources according to first and second non-alternating modulation signals, respectively, such that said fist and second sources output first and second non-alternating optical signals, respectively, each of said first and second non-alternating optical signals including a series of high output periods separated by low output periods;

a detector for receiving said first and second optical signals and providing a detector signal representative of said received first and second non-alternating optical signals;

a digital sampler, operatively associated with said detector, for providing multiple digital values based on said detector signal corresponding to a series of cycle states including non-alternating high Output periods and low output periods of said first and second sources; and

a processor for using said multiple digital values in performing processing steps related to determining an oxygen saturation related value, said processing steps including using said multiple digital values to synchronize first and second demodulation functions with said first and second non-alternating modulating signals, respectively, and implementing said first demodulating function for extracting a first set of data from said digital signal corresponding to said first source and implementing said second demodulating function for extracting a second set of data from said digital signal corresponding to said second source.

17. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 16, wherein said drive system pulses said first light source based on said first modulating signal and pulses said second light source based on said second modulating signal so that the first and second optical signals define a composite signal including temporal overlap events where one or more of the respective high output periods of the first and second optical signals temporally overlap.

18. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 16, wherein said digital sampler has a sampling rate that is sufficiently fast to track a shape of said detector signal, said shape including a profile of a portion of said detector signal corresponding to a single high output period of one of said first and second sources.

19. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 18, wherein said digital sampler has a sampling rate sufficient to obtain at least about 3 of said digital values corresponding to a single high output period of one of said first and second sources.

20. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 18, wherein said digital sampler has a sampling rate sufficient to obtain at least about 20 of said digital values corresponding to a single high output period of one of said first and second sources.

21. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 16, wherein processing further comprises:

using said multiple digital values to identifying a time period that includes an integer number of high output periods for each of said first and second optical signals.

22. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 21, wherein processing further comprises performing a linear regression analysis on said multiple digital values associated with said synchronized time period to determine said oxygen saturation related value.

23. A pulse oximeter as set forth in claim 16, wherein frequencies of said first and second non-alternating modulating signals are different.