Multi-radio unification protocol

• US 7,065,376 B2
• Filed: 11/26/2003
• Issued: 06/20/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Bahl, Paramvir, Adya, Atul, Padhye, Jitendra D., Wolman, Alastair, Zhou, Lidong
• Primary Examiner(s): Eng, George
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, KHAI MINH
• Application Number:
  US10/723,673
• Publication Number:
  US 20040185887A1
• Time in Patent Office: 937 Days
• Field of Search: 455/517, 455/516, 455/513, 455/514, 455/515, 370/320, 370/334, 370/332, 370/310, 370/345
• US Class Current: 455/517
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/14 Multichannel or multilink protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/54 based on quality criteria
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/02 Hybrid access
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 80/04 Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/04 adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/06 adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 92/18 between terminal devices

Abstract

An invention is disclosed whereby a wireless network node, equipped with two or more radio transceivers statically tuned to non-interfering frequency channels, can make decisions regarding which channel to use when communicating with a neighboring wireless node. A multi-radio unification protocol implemented in a wireless node coordinates the use of multiple wireless network interface cards and provides a virtual layer that hides the multiple physical network interfaces from higher layers of a node'"'"'s network protocol stack. The invention is applicable to wireless networks generally, including those in which some nodes do not have multiple radios or do not recognize the multi-radio unification protocol. The invention makes possible simultaneous transmissions using available channels, thereby reducing interference and delay while increasing the overall capacity of the network.

Claims

1. In a wireless network comprising a plurality of nodes, a method for selecting, by a first node, a channel for communicating with a second node, the first node having at least two network interfaces with radios tuned to orthogonal channels, the method comprising:

discovering network interfaces of the second node available for communicating with the first node;

with respect to each available network interface of the second node, periodically making a channel quality estimate; and

making a channel selection,

wherein discovering available network interfaces comprises;

broadcasting an address resolution protocol request;

receiving on a first channel a first address resolution protocol response from the second node;

recording medium access control address information contained in the first address resolution protocol response;

initially selecting the first channel for communicating with the second node; and

for each additional address resolution protocol response received from the second node, recording medium access control address information contained in the additional address resolution protocol response.

2. In a wireless network comprising a plurality of nodes, a method for selecting, by a first node, a channel for communicating with a second node, the first node having at least two network interfaces with radios tuned to orthogonal channels, the method comprising:

discovering network interfaces of the second node available for communicating with the first node;

with respect to each available network interface of the second node, periodically making a channel quality estimate; and

making a channel selection,

wherein discovering available network interfaces is in accordance with a protocol, and wherein discovering available network interfaces further comprises discovering whether the second node is capable of operating in accordance with the protocol,

wherein discovering whether the second node is capable of operating in accordance with the protocol comprises;

sending a channel select message along each known network interface of the second node;

if a channel select acknowledgment response is received from each known network interface of the second node, classifying the second node as being capable of operating in accordance with the protocol;

if no channel select acknowledgment response is received from a known network interface after expiration of a timeout period, and if a maximum number of unacknowledged retransmissions has not been exceeded, retransmitting a channel select message along the interface; and

if a maximum number of unacknowledged retransmissions has been exceeded, classifying the second node as not being capable of operating in accordance with the protocol.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising, if the second node is classified as being capable of operating in accordance with the protocol, but a medium access control address of a known network interface of the second node has not yet been discovered:

sending an address resolution protocol request along the network interface;

if an address resolution protocol response is not received before expiration of a timeout period, and if a maximum number of failed retransmissions has not been exceeded, retransmitting an address resolution protocol request; and

if a maximum number of unacknowledged retransmissions has been exceeded, considering the network interface to have a disabled radio transceiver.

4. In a wireless network comprising a plurality of nodes, a method for selecting, by a first node, a channel for communicating with a second node, the first node having at least two network interfaces with radios tuned to orthogonal channels, the method comprising:

discovering network interfaces of the second node available for communicating with the first node;

with respect to each available network interface of the second node, periodically making a channel quality estimate; and

making a channel selection,

wherein making a channel quality estimate comprises;

sending a probe message along the network interface;

receiving a response to the probe message from the second node; and

calculating a round-trip latency time associated with sending the probe message and receiving the response, further comprising;

computing a smoothed round-trip time (SRTT) value according to a formula;

SRTT=α

*RTT_new+(1−

α

)*SRTT_old

wherein α

is a parameter chosen with a range from 0 to 1, wherein RTT_new is a most recent round-trip latency time measurement, and wherein SRTT_old is a previously-computed SRTT value.

5. A computer-readable medium on which is stored a data structure for use by a first wireless network node in selecting a channel for transmitting data to a second wireless network node in accordance with a protocol, the data structure comprising:

a data field for identifying the second node;

a data field for indicating whether the second node is known to use the protocol;

a data field for storing a physical address associated with each known network interface of the second node;

a data field for storing a channel quality estimate associated with each known network interface of the second node;

a data field for identifying a current preferred channel for transmitting data to the second node;

a data field for recording a most recent time at which a channel was selected;

a data field for recording a most recent time at which a message was either sent to or received from the second node; and

a data field for storing times associated with unacknowledged messages.

6. The computer-readable medium of claim 5 wherein the data field for identifying the second node stores one of (a) an Internet protocol address, (b) a medium access control address or (c) a DNS name.

7. The computer-readable medium of claim 5 wherein the data field for storing a physical address associated with each known network interface of the second node stores a medium access control address.