Device communications of an implantable medical device and an external system

• US 7,065,409 B2
• Filed: 12/13/2002
• Issued: 06/20/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 12/13/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Mazar, Scott T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pezzuto, Robert E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MALAMUD, DEBORAH LESLIE
• Application Number:
  US10/318,469
• Publication Number:
  US 20040116981A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,285 Days
• Field of Search: 607/128, 607/60, 607/32, 607/31, 128/903
• US Class Current: 607/60
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/08 Arrangements or circuits for monitoring, protecting, controlling or indicating for external stimulators A61N1/3603; for implantable neurostimulators A61N1/36128; for heart stimulators A61N1/37; for defibrillators A61N1/3925
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37235 Aspects of the external programmer
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37252 Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37254 Pacemaker or defibrillator security, e.g. to prevent or inhibit programming alterations by hackers or unauthorised individuals
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37282 characterised by communication with experts in remote locations using a network
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/903 Radio telemetry

Abstract

An implantable medical device, external unit, and method for establishing communication between them are disclosed. The external unit learns the frequencies of transmission and reception for the implant. The transmit frequency of the implant is learned by the external unit measuring a difference between the transmit frequency of the implant and the external unit'"'"'s receive frequency. The receive frequency of the implant is learned by the measured difference between its transmit frequency and the receive frequency of the external unit when the implant has a fixed transmit and receive frequency difference. Otherwise, the receive frequency is learned by the implant measuring the difference between its receive frequency and the transmit frequency of the external unit and by sending an indication of the difference to the external unit through the return signal. The external unit may anticipate a beginning of the implant'"'"'s preset communication period based on its internal clock.

Claims

1. A method of establishing communication between an implantable medical device and an external unit wherein the implantable medical device has a transmit and a receive frequency that are separated by a fixed difference, comprising the steps of:

sending out one or more signals from the external unit, wherein one signal of the one or more signals has a frequency that is close enough to the receive frequency for the implantable device to receive the one signal;

receiving the one signal at the implantable medical device;

sending out a return signal at a transmit frequency from the implantable medical device in response to receiving the one signal;

receiving the return signal at the external unit;

measuring a difference between the transmit frequency of the return signal and a receive frequency of the external unit; and

altering a transmit frequency and the receive frequency of the external unit by the measured difference.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of sending out one or more signals comprises simultaneously sending a plurality of signals that have frequencies that fall in a frequency range where the receive frequency lies, and wherein the step of receiving the one signal comprises receiving the one signal of the plurality of signals that has the frequency that is closest to the receive frequency.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of measuring a difference comprises measuring a difference between the transmit frequency of the return signal and a receive frequency of a plurality of receive frequencies of the external unit that is closest to the transmit frequency.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of receiving the return signal comprises simultaneously receiving all of a set of receive frequencies of the external unit.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of receiving the return signal comprises sequentially receiving each frequency of a set of receive frequencies of the external unit.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

delaying sending out the one or more signals for a preset amount of delay time after sending out the one or more signals for a preset amount of send time;

attempting to receive the return signal at the external unit during the delay time; and

repeating the steps of sending the one or more signals and delaying sending out the one or more signals when no return signal is received during the delay time.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of sending out the one or more signals for the preset amount of send time involves sending out the one or more signals for a send time that is greater than a duration of preset communication periods of the implantable medical device, and wherein the step of sending out the one or more signals at least partially overlaps in time with an occurrence of the preset communication period.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of sending out the one or more signals for the preset amount of send time involves sending out the one or more signals for a send time that is greater than a period between preset communication periods of the implantable medical device, and wherein the step of sending out the one or more signals at least partially overlaps in time with an occurrence of the preset communication period.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

encoding an unlock code in the one or more signals prior to the step of sending out the one or more signals; and

prior the step of sending the return signal, decoding the unlock code from the one signal received by the implantable medical device.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of sending one or more signals comprises sending one or more signals that each occupy bandwidth that is less than a bandwidth used to communicate with the implantable device after the transmit and receive frequencies have been altered.

11. A method of establishing communication between an implantable medical device and an external unit wherein the implantable medical device has a transmit frequency and a receive frequency, comprising the steps of:

sending one or more signals from the external unit wherein one signal of the one or more signals has a frequency that is close enough to the receive frequency for the implantable device to receive the one signal;

receiving the one signal at the implantable medical device;

measuring a first difference between the frequency of the one signal and the receive frequency;

sending out one or more return signals at the transmit frequency from the implantable medical device, wherein one of the one or more return signals includes an indication of the first difference;

receiving the one or more return signals at the external unit;

detecting the first difference from the indication included in one of the one or more return signals at the external unit;

measuring a second difference between the transmit frequency of the one or more return signals and a receive frequency of the external unit;

altering the transmit frequency of the external unit by the first difference; and

altering the receive frequency of the external unit by the second difference.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of sending out one or more signals comprises simultaneously sending a plurality of signals that have frequencies that fall in the frequency range where the receive frequency lies, and wherein the step of receiving the one signal comprises receiving the one signal of the plurality of signals that has the frequency that is closest to the receive frequency.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of measuring the second difference comprises measuring the second difference between the transmit frequency of the return signal and a receive frequency of a plurality of receive frequencies of the external unit that is closest to the transmit frequency.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of receiving the one or more return signals comprises simultaneously receiving all of a set of receive frequencies of the external unit.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of receiving the one or more return signals comprises sequentially receiving each frequency of a set of receive frequencies of the external unit.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

delaying sending out the one or more signals for a preset amount of delay time after sending out the one or more signals for a preset amount of send time;

attempting to receive the one or more return signals at the external unit during the delay time; and

repeating the steps of sending the one or more signals and delaying sending out the one or more signals when no return signal is received during the delay time.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of sending out the one or more signals for the preset amount of send time involves sending out the one or more signals for a send time that is greater than a duration of preset communication periods of the implantable medical device, and wherein the step of sending out the one or more signals at least partially overlaps in time with an occurrence of the preset communication period.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of sending out the one or more signals for the preset amount of send time involves sending out the one or more signals for a send time that is greater than a period between preset communication periods of the implantable medical device, and wherein the step of sending out the one or more signals at least partially overlaps in time with an occurrence of the preset communication period.

19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

encoding an unlock code in the one or more signals prior to the step of sending out the one or more signals; and

prior the step of sending the return signal, decoding the unlock code from the one signal received by the implantable medical device.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of sending one or more signals comprises sending one or more signals that each occupy bandwidth that is less than a bandwidth used to communicate with the implantable device after the transmit and receive frequencies have been altered.

21. A method of periodically establishing communication between an implantable medical device and an external unit wherein the implantable medical device has a clock that triggers a preset communication period, comprising the steps of:

establishing an initial communication between the external unit and the implantable medical device;

synchronizing a clock in the external unit with the clock of the implantable medical device during the initial communication;

after the initial communication is terminated, detecting a time with the clock of the external unit that is earlier than the preset communication period as measured by the clock of the external unit by a preset amount; and

sending a signal on one or more frequencies from the external unit beginning at the detected time and extending for an amount of time greater than the preset communication period as measured by the clock of the external unit or until a return signal is received from the implantable device.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising increasing the preset amount when a return signal is not received during a period of sending the signal of the one or more frequencies.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the implantable device has transmit and receive frequencies with a fixed difference between them, the method further comprising the steps of:

receiving a return signal from the implantable device in response to sending the signal from the external unit; and

altering transmit and receive frequencies of the external unit based on a difference between a frequency of the return signal and the receive frequency of the external unit.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising the steps of:

receiving a return signal from the implantable device in response to sending the signal, wherein the return signal includes an indication of a difference between the frequency of the signal received by the implantable device and a receive frequency of the implantable device;

altering a receive frequency of the external unit based on a difference between a frequency of the return signal and the receive frequency of the external unit; and

altering a transmit frequency of the external unit based on the indication included in the return signal.

25. An external unit for communicating with an implantable medical device, the external unit comprising:

a transmitter having an adjustable frequency, wherein the transmitter sends a signal at one or more frequencies to the implantable medical device;

a receiver having an adjustable frequency, wherein the receiver receives a return signal at a return frequency from the implantable device;

a frequency discriminator that detects a difference between a receive frequency of the receiver and the return frequency of the return signal received by the receiver; and

a processor configured to alter a transmit frequency of the transmitter and the receive frequency of the receiver according to the frequency difference.

26. The external unit of claim 25, wherein the difference in frequency between the transmit frequency of the transmitter and the frequency of the receiver is fixed.

27. The external unit of claim 25, wherein the transmitter and receiver have frequency synthesizers.

28. The external unit of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured to encode an unlock code in the signal that the transmitter sends.

29. An external unit for communicating with an implantable medical device, the external unit comprising:

a transmitter having an adjustable frequency, wherein the transmitter sends a signal on one or more frequencies to the implantable medical device;

a receiver having an adjustable frequency, wherein the receiver receives one or more return signals at a return frequency from the implantable medical device;

a frequency discriminator that detects a difference between the return frequency of the one or more return signals and a receive frequency of the receiver; and

a processor configured to control the frequency of the transmitter and receiver, alter the receiver frequency according to the frequency difference, detect a frequency difference indicator encoded in one of the one or more return signals received by the receiver, and alter a transmit frequency of the transmitter according to the frequency difference indicator.

30. The external unit of claim 29, wherein the transmitter and receiver have frequency synthesizers.

31. The external unit of claim 29, wherein the processor is further configured to encode an unlock code in the signal that the transmitter sends.

32. An implantable medical device for communicating with an external unit, the implantable device comprising:

a transmitter with a transmit frequency, wherein the transmitter sends a return signal to the external unit at the transmit frequency;

a receiver with a receive frequency that differs in frequency from the transmit frequency, wherein the receiver receives a signal at a frequency transmitted by the external unit;

a frequency discriminator that detects a difference between the frequency of the signal received by the receiver and the receive frequency; and

a processor configured to encode an indication of the difference in the return signal transmitted by the transmitter.

33. The medical device of claim 32, further comprising a clock, and wherein the processor is further configured to enable the receiver to receive at pre-set communication period determined from the clock, and wherein the processor is configured to test the signal received by the receiver during the pre-set communication period for an unlock code.

34. An external unit for communicating with an implantable medical device, the external unit comprising:

transmit means for sending a signal at one or more frequencies to the implantable medical device;

receive means for receiving a return signal at a return frequency from the implantable device;

discriminator means for detecting a difference between a receive frequency of the receive means and the return frequency of the return signal received by the receive means; and

processing means for altering a transmit frequency of the transmit means and the receive frequency of the receive means according to the frequency difference.

35. The external unit of claim 34, wherein the difference in frequency between the transmit frequency of the transmit means and the frequency of the receive means is fixed.

36. The external unit of claim 34, wherein the transmit means and receive means have frequency synthesizers.

37. The external unit of claim 34, wherein the processing means is for encoding an unlock code in the signal that the transmit means sends.

38. An external unit for communicating with an implantable medical device, the external unit comprising:

a transmit means for sending a signal on one or more frequencies to the implantable medical device;

a receive means for receiving one or more return signals at a return frequency from the implantable medical device;

discriminator means for detecting a difference between the return frequency of the one or more return signals and a receive frequency of the receive means; and

processing means for controlling the frequency of the transmit means and receive means, altering the receive means frequency according to the frequency difference, detecting a frequency difference indicator encoded in one of the one or more return signals received by the receive means, and altering a transmit frequency of the transmit means according to the frequency difference indicator.

39. The external unit of claim 38, wherein the transmit means and receive means have frequency synthesizers.

40. The external unit of claim 38, wherein the processing means is for encoding an unlock code in the signal that the transmit means sends.

41. An implantable medical device for communicating with an external unit, the implantable device comprising:

transmit means for sending a return signal at a transmit frequency to the external unit at a return frequency;

receive means for receiving a signal transmitted by the external unit;

discriminator means for detecting a difference between the frequency of the signal received by the receive means and a receive frequency of the receive means; and

processing means for encoding an indication of the difference in the return signal transmitted by the transmit means.

42. The implantable medical device of claim 41, further comprising a clock, and wherein the processing means is for enabling the receive means to receive at pre-set communication periods determined from the clock, and wherein the processing means is for testing the signal received by the receive means during the pre-set communication periods for an unlock code.

43. The implantable medical device of claim 41, wherein the transmit frequency and the receive frequency are not separated by a fixed amount.